中国学校卫生

Prevent and eradicate peer bullying in children and adolescents through routine bullying surveillance and intervention

SU Puyu, WANG Gengfu

2022, 43(10): 1441-1445. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.10.001

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Peer bullying in children and adolescents has become an significant public health concern in China. The Chinese government attaches great importance to bullying prevention in primary, secondary and high schools. However, it is still lack of systematic surveillance and effective intervention plans for peer bullying in children and adolescents. This paper analyzes the impact of peer bullying on current and lifelong health of children and adolescents, and describes current status of peer bullying surveillance in children and adolescents at the national level around the world. Meanwhile, this paper calls for strengthening the intervention against peer bullying from the perspective of ecosystem reconstruction intervention, thus preventing and eradicating peer bullying in children and adolescents.

Development and achievements in the health of children and adolescents

MA Jun

2022, 43(10): 1446-1452. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.10.002

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The health of children and adolescents is the foundation of national health and a sign of all-around well-being. The Party and the government in China have prioritized the health of children and adolescents since 18th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party. Policies to promote child and adolescent health have been enhanced and boosted the work of physical activity and health education, and further fostered the development of health schools. It has also considerably improved the prevention and control of myopia, obesity, and the mental health of children and adolescents. The children and adolescents' health service systems have been established, including school health management and work system, student health monitoring system and intervention measures. As a result, health status of children and adolescents has steadily improved.

Basic framework, content features and implications of Australia’s National Action Plan for the Health of Children and Adolescents 2020-2030

ZHONG Huiyan, GUAN Peiguo, LIU Ping

2022, 43(10): 1453-1455. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.10.003

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The health of children and adolescents is related to health and prosperity of a nation, but the current deteriorating health conditions of children and adolescents has become a global social problem. Based on basic guiding principles, Australia's National Action Plan for Children and Adolescent Health 2020-2030 proposes priority work areas and sets out corresponding safeguard measures.The action plan shows network-based, dynamic and universal health coverage for adolescents. The experience of children and adolescents health promotion in Australia can provide theoretical and practical reference for China to establish a remote health service system for children and adolescents, improve parents' health literacy, establish a health database, and build a collaborative health promotion system.

Mediating role of depression symptom in the association among peer bullying and suicidal ideation in junior high school students

CHEN Shanshan, HE Yang, YUAN Mengyuan, LI Yonghan, CHANG Junjie, WANG Gengfu, SU Puyu

2022, 43(10): 1456-1461. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.10.004

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Objective To explore the mediating effect of depressive symptom on the relationship between peer bullying patterns and suicidal ideation, and to provide suggestions for school bullying and suicide prevention for adolescents. Methods A follow-up cohort was established in a junior middle school in Suixi County, Anhui Province in September 2019 (T1). The first follow-up was conducted in September 2020 (T2). A total of 1 687 junior high school students participated in this study. Self-designed peer bullying questionnaire, center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for children, and questions regarding suicide-related behaviors were administered. Results Prevalence of suicidal ideation, victimization and bullying were 28.3%, 27.0% and 24.4%, respectively. The latent class analysis(LCA) identified three heterogeneous peer bullying classes: low aggressive-victims(71.4%), high aggressive-victims(3.3%), high verbal and relational aggressive-victims(25.3%). The low aggressive-victims class was used as the reference group, T1 depressive symptom mediated the association between high aggressive-victims(mediating effect=0.43, P < 0.05), high verbal and relational aggressive-victims class (mediating effect=0.29, P < 0.05) and T2 suicidal ideation. Conclusion Depressive symptom plays a mediating role in the relationship between peer bullying and suicidal ideation. In order to prevent peer bullying and suicide-related psychological behaviors of adolescents, educators should pay attention to adolescents' mental health when formulating corresponding measures.

Association between acute stress response and peer bullying behaviors among middle school students

ZHANG Tingting, LI Yonghan, YUAN Mengyuan, CHANG Junjie, LI Yuan, CAO Leilei, WANG Shaojie, WANG Gengfu, SU Puyu

2022, 43(10): 1462-1466. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.10.005

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Objective To explore the association between acute stress response during the outbreak of COVID-19 and peer bullying behaviors during the normalized management of COVID-19 among middle school students, and to provide a basis for developing relevant measures for peer bullying prevention. Methods In December 2020, a total of 2 219 students from two junior middle schools in South Anhui(Xuancheng City) and North Anhui(Huaibei City), were selected to participate in this study by using the cluster sampling method. The occurrence of verbal bullying, relational bullying, physical bullying and cyberbullying behaviors among victims and perpetrators of bullying, and self-rated acute stress response during the outbreak of COVID-19 (social isolation) were investigated. Multiple Logistic regression models were conducted to explore the relationship between different levels of acute stress response during the COVID-19 outbreak and peer bullying behaviors among middle school students. Results The reported rate of peer bullying, being bullied by others and bullying others during the COVID-19 normalized management were 65.8%, 63.8% and 27.1%, respectively. The reporting rate of verbal bullying victimization was the highest (54.8%) and cyberbullying others was the lowest (4.6%). The mean score of acute stress response among middle school students during the COVID-19 outbreak was (6.50±1.67). Except for physically bullying others, the reported rate of other bullying behaviors was the highest in the high-level acute stress response group (P < 0.05). Multiple Logistic regression models showed that high levels of acute stress response were associated with high risk of verbal bullying victimization (OR=1.38), relational bullying victimization (OR=2.28), physical bullying victimization (OR=1.87) and cyberbullying victimization (OR=2.30) after adjusting for related confounders. In the high-level acute stress response group, verbal bullying (OR=1.80), relational bullying (OR=1.99), physical bullying (OR=1.76) and cyberbullying (OR=2.32) had higher risks of bullying others than in the low-level acute stress response group (P < 0.05). Conclusion High levels of acute stress response are associated with different peer bullying behaviors, with stronger associations with cyberbullying.

Correlation analysis of school bullying and depressive symptoms among multi-ethnic adolescents in western China

TANG Chengmeng, JIANG Jianjun, PENG Wei, ZHANG Qiang, YAN Mingxia, CHEN Jiayi, ZHAO Ying, LI Kehan, LIU Qiaolan

2022, 43(10): 1467-1471. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.10.006

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Objective To understand the prevalence of school bullying and depressive symptoms among the Han, Yi, and Tibetan adolescents in western China, and to explore the relationships between bullying roles, bullying frequency and depression symptoms. Methods A combination method of typical sampling and cluster sampling was used to recruit 3 115 participants from six primary and middle schools in Cangxi County and Ganluo County in Sichuan Province, and Lhasa City in Tibet Autonomous Region from April to November 2020. All participants completed self-filled questionnaires. Multiple Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between school bullying and depression symptoms. Results A total of 881 participants (28.3%) had experienced school bullying in the past 6 months, and 892 participants(28.6%) were detected with depressive symptoms. The rates of school bullying in the Han, Yi, and Tibetan adolescents were 20.5%, 46.4% and 23.8%, respectively. Among them, the rates of victims were 15.3%, 25.0% and 11.8%, respectively; the rates of bully were 2.3%, 5.7% and 6.7%, respectively; the rates of bully-victims were 2.9%, 5.7% and 5.4%, respectively. The prevalence of depressive symptoms in the Han, Yi, and Tibetan adolescents were 20.4%, 37.9% and 36.5%, respectively. After adjusting for age, grade, ethnicity, smoking, and drinking, the odds for depressive symptoms among victims (AOR=1.98, 95%CI=1.61-2.45), bully (AOR=2.63, 95%CI=1.81-3.82), and bully-victims (AOR=3.33, 95%CI=2.44-4.54) were significantly higher than those without school bullying experience(P < 0.01). And the risks increased with the increasing bullying frequency. Conclusion School bullying and depressive symptoms of the Yi and the Tibetan adolescents in western China were higher than those of the Han adolescents. Meanwhile, participation in school bullying and the high frequency of bullying were closely related to depressive symptoms. Future interventions should pay attention to various bullying roles and minority adolescents.

A longitudinal cross-lagged study of the predictive effect of adolescent peer bullying on depressive symptoms

HE Yang, CHEN Shanshan, YUAN Mengyuan, LI Yonghan, CHANG Junjie, ZHANG Tingting, WANG Gengfu, SU Puyu

2022, 43(10): 1472-1475. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.10.007

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Objective To explore the relationship between different types of bullying behavior and depressive symptoms among adolescents, and to provide scientific basis for further prevention of peer bullying. Methods Based on the follow-up data of 1 687 adolescents from Huaibei City, Anhui Province in September 2019 (T1) and September 2020 (T2), the autoregressive cross-lagged analysis was employed to explore the relationship between different types of peer bullying and depressive symptoms. Results The scores of bullying behaviors (physical bullying, verbal bullying, relational bullying and cyber bullying) and depressive symptoms at T2 were lower than those at T1, and the differences were statistically significant (t=13.60, 8.61, 7.24, 3.76, 8.29, P < 0.01). There was a positive correlation between bullying behavior and depressive symptoms (P < 0.01). The results from cross-lagged regression analysis showed that physical, verbal, relational and cyber bullying at T1 could positively predict depressive symptoms at T2 (β=0.06, 0.04, 0.12, 0.05), and physical, verbal, relational and cyber bullying at T1 could positively predict depressive symptoms at T2 (β=0.07, 0.10, 0.13, 0.10) (P < 0.05). Conclusion There were bidirectional associations between adolescent peer bullying and depressive symptoms.

Evolution of attention of school life safety and health education policy in China

YI Lubo, SHI Weijin

2022, 43(10): 1476-1479. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.10.008

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Objective To study the allocation of policy attention of life safety and health education in the Work Essentials of the Ministry of Education from 1987 to 2022 based on policy analysis, and to provide reference for the optimization of life safety and health education policy. Methods The contents related to life safety and health education in the Work Essentials of the Ministry of Education from 1987 to 2022 were coded by content analysis method and analyzed quantitatively. Results The attention of life safety and health education policies in schools in China could be divided into three stages: consolidation and improvement stage (1987-2000), reform and exploration stage (2001-2012), and deepening and improvement stage (2013-2022), with the attention intensity was rising as a whole. The government's policy on life safety and health education focused on health behavior and lifestyle (39.5% of the total reference point), safety emergency and risk avoidance (36.2% of the total reference point), mental health (11.9% of the total reference point).The two fields of growth and adolescent health (8.1% of the total reference point), infectious disease prevention and public health emergency response (4.3% of the total reference point) paid less attention. The government had paid attention to 20 core points in the field of life safety and health education, and there were still 10 core points that had not been paid attention to. Conclusion The attention intensity of school safety and health education policy in China has been improved as a whole, and there are deviations in the policy attention at each stage.Limitations also include the inbalance of policy attention, lack of dynamic policy and the passivity of policy response; Life safety and health education in various fields of content and policy attention allocation direction is not comprehensive.It is suggested to stabilize the total amount of attention allocation on life safety and health education policy, to ensure balanced allocation, dynamic adjustment and pre-judgment; More attention should paid on the comprehensiveness of contents in each aspects in policy optimization and adjustment.

Relationship between special family structure and adolescents' physical and mental health

LIN Yanmin, MA Nan, LU Jinkui

2022, 43(10): 1480-1483. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.10.009

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Objective To explore the relationship between family structure with adolescents' physical and mental health, and to provide a reference for promoting healthy development of adolescents in the family with particular structure. Methods The stratified random sampling method was used to select 3 941 middle school students aged 13 to 18 years in Shangrao City of Jiangxi Province. Self-designed questionnaire, Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Scale (GAD-7) were used to assess family structure, depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms, participants were divided into underweight or overweight and obesity according to screening for underweight of school-age children and screening for overweight and obesity of school-age children. Results The proportion of adolescents with special family structure was 7.0%. Univariate analysis showed that underweight rate of adolescents with divorced parents (31.2%) was higher than that of adolescents whose parents were still married (25.3%) (χ²=3.55, P < 0.05), the detection rate of depressive symptoms in adolescents with special family structure(40.9%) was higher than that in adolescents with typical family structure(34.5%) (χ²=4.60, P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that the risk of depressive symptoms in adolescents with special family structure was 1.41 times higher than that in adolescents with typical family structure(95%CI=1.02-1.79, P < 0.05). Conclusion No significant relationships between special family structure with underweight, overweight and obesity, and anxiety symptoms of adolescents are observed, however, special family structures are associated with increased risk of depressive symptoms in adolescents.

The impact of comprehensive intervention strategies on the knowledge of HIV/AIDS prevention among college students

WU Lin, XU Jingjing

2022, 43(10): 1484-1487. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.10.010

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Objective To analyze the effects of comprehensive controlling strategies on AIDS prevention in a university of Chengdu, so as to provide evidence for HIV/AIDS health education practices and behavior change promotion. Methods In September 2018, 582 freshmen and 590 senior students were selected by using the stratified sampling method (in September 2018, the "3+2" intervention strategy for AIDS among college students was implemented). In March 2022, 577 freshmen were followed up. And the respondents were investigated regarding the knowledge of AIDS prevention and data were analyzed using statistical software. Results After intervention, the implementation of the comprehensive intervention strategy deepened college students' awareness of AIDS transmission route, health effects, self-protection and care of AIDS patients. The awareness rate of all 15 items was significantly higher than before the intervention(P < 0.01), and the awareness rate of 13 items was higher than 80% (the awareness rate of 10 items exceeded 90%).Awareness rate of the 14 asked items was significantly higher than before the intervention, and the number of questions with an awareness rate of more than 90% increased from 1 to 10. Conclusion The comprehensive intervention strategy for AIDS prevention and control shows significant effects on the awareness rate of AIDS prevention and control knowledge among college students, however, the intensity of education AIDS-related medical knowledge and appropriate attitude towards AIDS should be enhance among junior college students.

A cross-lagged analysis on the relationship between physical health education and health literacy among junior high school students

XIE Chao, SU Jiafu, KANG Yuexin, LIU Lei, ZHOU Hongping

2022, 43(10): 1488-1491. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.10.011

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Objective The cross-lagged analysis model is used to analyze the causal relationship between physical health education and adolescent health literacy, so as to provide empirical references for physical health education and adolescent health literacy improvement in China. Methods Cluster sampling method was used to select 24 classes of grade 7 students from four junior high schools in Xiangyang City, Hubei Province, Dalian City, Liaoning Province and Liaoyuan City, Jilin Province.The longitudinal follow-up design with an interval of 18 weeks was administered among 696 junior middle school students. The Revised School Physical Health Education Scale and Junior Middle School Students' Health Literacy Scale were used. Results T1 exercise supervision could significantly and positively predict T2 health literacy(β=0.18), T1 health literacy could also significantly and positively predict T2 exercise supervision(β=0.18)(P < 0.01). T1 health education could significantly and positively predict T2 health literacy(β=0.57, P < 0.01), T1 health literacy could not significantly and positively predict T2 health education(β=0.03, P>0.05). T1 physical education teaching could significantly and positively predict T2 health literacy(β=0.39), T1 health literacy could also positively and significantly predict T2 physical education teaching(β=0.10)(P < 0.05). The three dimensions of physical health education had positive predictive effect on the three dimensions of health literacy(P < 0.05). Conclusion In the process of physical health education, health education is the main factor affecting teenagers' health literacy, with a vertical causal relationship between the two variables. There is a bi-directional positive relationship between sports supervision, physical education teaching and adolescent health literacy.

Physical exercise of primary and middle school students in Henan Province and its relationship with physical fitness and BMI

YANG Mengli, LOU Xiaomin, XU Xueqin, LIU Xiaohui

2022, 43(10): 1492-1494. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.10.012

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Objective To analyze current status of physical exercise of primary and middle school students in Henan province, and to explore its relationship with physical fitness. Methods Data on physical exercise and related indicators among 9-18 years old students was retrieved from Henan Provincial Student Physical Fitness and Health Survey in 2019. Physical fitness index (PFI), body mass index (BMI) was calculated. ANOVA was used to compare differences of physical exercise between men and women, urban and rural areas. Correlations between physical exercise with PFI and BMI were evaluated. Results The majority of students had two PE classes per week (41.9%), daily active recess (44.5%), one sports meeting in each school year (46.8%), and half to one hour of physical exercise per day (50.1%). Boys were more likely to exercise than girls, while rural students were more likely to excecise than urban students. The proportion of parents who support sports activities in their spare time was the highest (75.8%), and the proportion of parents who both like sports was the highest (47.3%). PFI was positively correlated with exercise scores and negatively correlated with non-exercise scores. BMI was negatively correlated with exercise scores and positively correlated with non-exercise scores (r=0.12, -0.13, -0.20, 0.14, P < 0.01). Conclusion Physical exercise of primary and middle school students in Henan is satisfactory.Exercise scores are positively correlated with physical fitness, but negatively correlated with BMI.

Effects of high intensity interval training and crossover point training on blood lipid metabolism in overweight female university students

CHEN Shan, ZHANG Peizhen

2022, 43(10): 1495-1499. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.10.013

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Objective This study compared high-intensity interval training with crossover point training to provide more effective exercise guidance for overweight female university students to maintain or improve blood lipid health. Methods A total of 27 overweight female university students were enrolled in the study (20.93±2.23 years) and randomly divided into a crossover point training group (COP group), high-intensity interval training group (HIIT group) and control group. The COP group and HIIT group took part in an exercise training program three times a week for 10 weeks. The COP group completed 45 min of COP continuous exercise intensity training each time. The HIIT group completed five groups of HIIT each time. The control group kept normal physical activity status. Results After 10 weeks of COP continuous intensity exercise training or HIIT exercise training, the morphological indicators of the COP group were significantly improved, with a significant decrease in BMI (-0.85 kg/m²), a very significant decrease in waist circumference (-2.94 cm) and a significant decrease in hip circumference and body fat percentage (-2.23 cm, -1.19%, P < 0.05). A significant decrease was observed in both serum apolipoprotein B (Apo B) levels (-9.79 mg/dL) and the ApoB/ApoAI ratio (-0.19). Moreover, the change in ApoB/ApoAI of the COP group after the exercise program was significantly greater than that of the HIIT group (-0.19, 0.07, P < 0.05). Conclusion After 10 weeks of taking part in the exercise program, it was found that compared with HIIT, COP continuous intensity exercise training is more effective in improving abdominal obesity, lipid health and cardiovascular risk factors.

Effect analysis of moderate intensity exercise prescription on the physical intervention of female college students

AN Yide, ZHANG Pei, ZHANG Xin, XI Wei

2022, 43(10): 1500-1504. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.10.014

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Objective To explore the influence of moderate-intensity exercise prescription on the physical fitness of female college students, so as provide a reference for improving the physical health management of female college students through college PE education. Methods From September to December 2019, two female classes of grade 2019 were randomly selected from Hebei University of Technology in Tianjin as the research objects, with 45 students in the intervention group and 42 students in the control group. According to the American Academy of Sports Medicine's recommendation and the results of pre-exercise assessment for students in the intervention group, the physical fitness coach designed the moderate-intensity exercise prescription, and the exercise prescription intervention was carried out in the intervention group for three times a week for 16 weeks. The students in the intervention group self-monitered their exercise load after each exercise, and the physical fitness coach made individual adjustments to the exercise prescription every 4 weeks according to the self-monitoring results. Before and after the intervention, BMI, vital capacity, 800-meter running and sitting forward flexion were measured in the two groups respectively. At the end of the intervention, 5 students in the intervention group were randomly selected for interview. Results After the intervention, BMI, 800 m and sit forward in the intervention group were (20.41 ± 1.45)kg/m², (3 376.32±389.21)mL, (228.16±17.00)s and (15.63±4.36)cm, respectively. The control group were (22.60 ± 2.38)kg/m², (2 911.16±369.73)mL, (238.11±11.86)s, (15.47±7.45)cm respectively. The vital capacity, 800 m and BMI results of intervention group were better than those of the control group(t=-5.22, 5.71, -3.15, P < 0.05). Compared to those before intervention, in the intervention group, BMI was decreased by 2.69 kg/m², while vital capacity and were improved by 537.64 mL, the time for 800 m was reduced by 16.00 s, respectively. However, there was no significant difference in the excellent rate of vital capacity, 800 m and sit forward before and after the intervention group(χ²=3.20, 0.76, 3.63, P>0.05). During the interview of the intervention group, the students believed that exercise prescription improved the physical health level; the encouragement and support of students and coaches, supervision and guidance of the coach were of great help to complete the whole intervention. Conclusion Regular and continuous moderate intensity exercise prescription can improve the physical health level of female college students; exercise prescription health education, supportive environment and good organization can improve exercise compliance and effect.

The association between different timing of childhood abuse experiences and depressive symptoms in college students

WANG Wei, FAN Changsheng, XU Huiqiong, LI Shuqin, WAN Yuhui

2022, 43(10): 1505-1508. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.10.015

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Objective The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of depressive symptoms and examined its association with different timing childhood abuse in college students, so as to provide a evidenced-based reference for depressive symptoms prevention among college students. Methods With cluster sampling method, a total of 6 366 students from a vocational college in Suzhou were enrolled to investigate the experience of childhood abuse and depressive symptoms from October to December 2020. Results The prevalence of depressive symptoms in college students was 28.3% for boys and 22.2% for girls, with significant sex difference(χ²=22.73, P < 0.01). After controlled for confounding factors, multifactorial Logistic regression analysis showed that persistent childhood abuse experience was an independent risk factor for the occurrence of depressive symptoms in college boys [OR(95%CI)=1.70(1.17-2.45)], and primary and previous, secondary and persistent abuse experiences were independent risk factors for the occurrence of depressive symptoms in college girls [OR(95%CI)=1.38(1.01-1.73), 1.47(1.10-1.96)](P < 0.01). Conclusion The experience of childhood abuse is an important risk factor for depressive symptoms of college students, and the effect of different timing childhood abuse on the occurrence of depressive symptoms in college girls is more significant.

The relationship between parenting style with mental health and academic performance of junior high school students

ZHAO Tianjie, BAIMA Yongqing, HU Zhen, XIN Yuan, QU Chang, ZHU Guangrong

2022, 43(10): 1509-1511. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.10.016

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Objective To understand the parenting styles of junior high school students in Beijing, to explore the relationship between parenting styles with students' academic performance and the role of mental health in this association. Methods From October 2019 to January 2020, a stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select 5 196 students in the first and second grades of 11 public junior high schools in urban and rural areas in Beijing, and Slort-Egna Minnenar Barndoms Uppfostran-China, Middle School Students Mental Health Scale-60 and self-designed questions were used in the questionnaire survey. Results The average score of parenting style rejection dimension was (9.44±3.88), and the average score of emotional warmth dimension was (19.85±5.66). The average score of comprehensive score of students' mental health was (1.92±0.73). Mental health score of girls was higher than boys'(1.97±0.74)(1.87±0.71), and the differences were of statistical significance(t=5.06, P < 0.01). Parental rejection and emotionally warm parenting styles were significantly correlated with students' academic performance (β=-0.54, 1.15, P < 0.01). Mental health played a negative moderating role between parenting style and students' academic performance. The better students' mental health were, the greater the influence of parenting style on academic performance. Conclusion Parenting style is related to children's academic performance. Parents should give their children more affirmation, encouragement and praise, in order to improve their academic performance.

Knowledge attitude and practice on disposable plastic tableware among college students

ZHAO Fuqin, ZOU Wei, WANG Chunju, ZHANG Yunchen, WANG Runyuan, HUANG Xiaowei, BAI Hua

2022, 43(10): 1512-1515. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.10.017

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Objective To investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practice on disposable plastic tableware and self-reported gastrointestinal symptoms in college students. Methods Stratified sampling method was applied in 338 students of a medical university during the 2020-2021 academic year. The study investigated knowledge, attitude and practice on disposable plastic tableware and self-reported gastrointestinal symptoms among students. Results There were 24.0% students were unaware of the specific material of plastic tableware, 82.0% students had no idea about the meaning of "plastic products logo". About 94.1% of the students thought that plastic tableware might contaminate food, and female students (97.1%) were more worried than male (86.3%) (χ²=14.32, P < 0.05). The attitude towards the use of disposable tableware was not consistent with the cumulative use score of disposable plastic tableware (F=1.31, P=0.25), students with high consumption had higher score of accumulative use of disposable plastic tableware (F=8.32, P < 0.01). About 18.3% of the students were prone to report gastrointestinal symptoms. The cumulative scores of disposable plastic tableware weekly using frequency in students who reported gastrointestinal symptoms(14.85±4.01) was still higher than that of no gastrointestinal symptoms group(13.78±3.50), regardless of the effect of takeout ordering frequency(F=4.53, P=0.03). Conclusion College students have limited knowledge of disposable plastic products. However, the use of disposable plastic products may be associated with gastrointestinal diseases. It is suggested to active the propaganda and education, to reduce the use of disposable tableware, and enhance the awareness of health and environment.

Current situation and related factors of family-based child sexual abuse prevention education in rural areas of Luzhou

LIU Zhibo, YE Yunli, LIAO Maoxu, YU Ying, ZHOU Zhongxian, LU Lu, SONG Xianqin, ZHANG Xiao, CAI Hao, ZHANG Rong

2022, 43(10): 1516-1519. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.10.018

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Objective To investigate family-based child sexual abuse prevention education in rural areas of Luzhou, to provide guidance for child sexual abuse prevention and intervention. Methods By stratified cluster sampling, from December 2021 to January 2022, 1 213 parents were investigated with the simplified scale of knowledge-attitude-practice of family sexual education. The influencing factors of family sexual education were analyzed by multiple linear regression. Results The score of family sexual abuse prevention education in rural areas of Luzhou was (11.21 ± 3.99), and the pass rate was 51.69%. The results showed that maternal education of junior high school (β=0.79), senior high school / technical secondary school(β=1.26) and bachelor / college degree or above(β=1.75), mothers to be the main educators (β=1.29) were positively associated with, while being girls(β=-0.41) and left-behind children (β=-0.59) were negatively associated with family child sex abuse prevention education score(P < 0.05). Children received sex education in school(β=0.81), adequate knowledge of sex education of parents (β=1.11), positive attitudes towards sex education of parents (β=1.51), communication with relatives and friends regarding sex education of parents (β=1.94), parents having participated in sex education related activities(β=0.67) were positively associated with family child sex abuse prevention education score(P < 0.05). Conclusion Family-based child sexual abuse prevention education in rural areas of Luzhou is insufficient. Relevant departments need to set up personalized intervention measures according to the different conditions of families, carry out relative education activities, to improve the level of sex education of rural families and improve their awareness of self-prevention.

Association of dietary patterns and depressive symptoms among college students

MOU Xingyue, TAO Shuman, XIE Yang, LI Tingting, ZOU Liwei, YANG Yajuan, TAO Fangbiao, WU Xiaoyan

2022, 43(10): 1520-1524. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.10.019

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Objective To describe the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of dietary patterns and depressive symptoms among college students, so as to provide a reference for improving college students' mental and physical health. Methods From April to May 2019, 1 110 college students were randomly sampled in Hefei City, Anhui Province and Shangrao City, Jiangxi Province, and a follow-up survey was conducted from September to October 2019. The depression subscale of Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) was used to investigate depressive symptoms in college students. The Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQFFQ) was used to investigate the eating behaviors of college students. Diet patterns were analyzed by principal component analysis and exploratory factor analysis, and the scores were classified T1, T2 and T3. Multivariate Logistic regression models were used to analyze the association of baseline dietary patterns and depressive symptoms at baseline and follow-up. Results The detection rates of mild, moderate and above depressive symptoms among baseline college students were 7.03% and 14.23%, respectively. The results of principal component analysis and exploratory factor analysis showed that the dietary patterns of college students were divided into four patterns: sugary drinks, meat, fast food and healthy food. At baseline and follow-up surveys, the detection rate of depressive symptoms in sugary drinks, meat and fast food was the highest (χ²=21.51, 32.25, 22.21; 23.54, 13.91, 19.98, P < 0.05). The results of multivariate Logistic regression model showed that the meat and fast food T3 showed positive association with baseline and moderate follow-up, and the fast food T3 showed positive association with mild depressive symptoms at follow-up (P < 0.05). Conclusion Meat and fast food diet patterns can increase the risk of depressive symptoms, suggesting that improving their eating patterns has a positive effect on promoting the mental health of college students.

Personality and cognitive reguation emotion strategies among parents of adolescents with non-suicidal self-injury

ZHANG Guimei, XIANG Ting, CAI Yixian, PAN Jiyang

2022, 43(10): 1525-1528. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.10.020

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Objective To analyze the association of personality characteristics and cognitive adjustment strategies among parents of adolescents with non-suicidal self-injury(NSSI) with adolescent NSSI. Methods Adolescents with NSSI who visited the hospital from January 2020 to January 2021 were recruited as the case group(n=60), and healthy adolescents recruited in the school, community and hospital were selected as the control group(n=60). The participants' parents completed the Chinese Big Five Personality Inventory and the Chinese version of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ-C), Logistic regression was used to explore the associations. Results Parents of the control group had higher scores of openness (40.90±6.19) and conscientiousness (48.18±6.12) than parents of the case group (36.88±5.02)(44.12±6.58) (t=3.90, 3.50, P < 0.05). In terms of negative events, scores of acceptance, positive reappraisal, refocusing on planning, positive refocusing and putting into perspective were higher among parents of the control group than among parents of the case group (t=3.43, 3.58, 2.36, 5.44, 3.53, P < 0.05). Among parents of the case group, neuroticism was positively correlated with putting into perspective (r=0.31) and catastrophizing (r=0.37). Openness was positively correlated with positive refocusing (r=0.30) and positive reappraisal (r=0.27). Acceptance was negatively correlated with extroversion (r=-0.29), openness (r=-0.40), conscientiousness (r=-0.26), while other-blame was negatively correlated with extroversion (r=-0.35), agreeableness (r=-0.36). Extraversion was negatively associated with positive refocusing (r=-0.32)(P < 0.05). According to binary regression analysis, the income of parents in the case group (OR=0.49), education (OR=0.60), acceptance (OR=0.59), positive reappraisal (OR=0.45), putting into perspective (OR=0.53), neuroticisms (OR=0.81), openness (OR=0.76) and conscientiousness (OR=0.74) were risk factors, whereas refocusing on planning (OR=2.09) and self-blame (OR=1.55) were protective factors of NSSI in the case group(P < 0.05). Conclusion When confronted with adverse events, the personality characteristics of parents of children with NSSI, and the emotional regulation strategies adopted by these parents, have influence on the prevalence of NSSI in this population.

Intervention effect of painting group psychological counseling on self-awareness and social adaptability of hearing-impaired students

MENG Xiaojuan, KOU Xia, WANG Yaru, PAN Xinxia, LI Yajie, LIU Xiaoqin

2022, 43(10): 1529-1534. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.10.021

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Objective To explore the effect of improving these traits through art therapy group meetings as a form of psychological counseling, so as to promote mental wellness among this population. Methods A total of 74 hearing-impaired students from grades 3 to 9 were surveyed with the Children's Self-concept Scale (PHCSS) and Social Adaptability Scale. Eight art therapy group meetings, as a form of psychological counseling, were then held. Results Self-consciousness among hearing-impaired students aged 10-12 and 13-16 years old was significantly lower than the national norm (t=-6.51, -8.50, P < 0.01). The social adaptability level of this group was very poor(2.89±8.26), and a significant positive correlation was found between self-awareness and social adaptability among hearing-impaired students. Further, self-awareness could predict the social adaptability of these students (F=9.04, P < 0.05). After group psychological counseling intervention, there was significant increases in self-consciousness among students from grades 3 to 9, and significant increases were also found in the social adaptability of students in grades 3, 4, 5, 6 and 8 (P < 0.05). Conclusion Self-awareness shows certain influence on the social adaptability level of hearing-impaired students, and group psychological counseling can promote social adaptability by improving self-awareness among this population.

Psychological and behavioral problems and associated factors in children with tic disorders

SHEN Yuechi, SU Tangfeng, XIAO Pei, SONG Ranran, XU Sanqing

2022, 43(10): 1535-1538. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.10.022

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Objective To study the psychological and behavioral problems of children with tic disorders (TD), and to identify related influencing factors for effective medical intervention strategies. Methods From June 2020 to June 2021, 69 children with TD were randomly selected as the case group in the pediatric neurologic clinic, while the control group included 69 healthy children who were matched by gender and age. The data were obtained through general questionnaire, Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders-41 (SCARED-41), Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire-25 (SDQ-25) and the Children's Depression Inventory-Short Form (CDI-10), while psychological and behavioral problems and their related risk factors were analyzed. Results The total scores of SCARED-41, SDQ-25 and its difficulties scale, and CDI-10 were (22.1±12.5, 13.3±12.3) (21.1±6.0, 15.9±3.4) (15.6±6.3, 9.3±3.6) (3.7±2.9, 2.6±2.9) in the TD and control group respectively, with significant differences (t/Z=3.8, 13.9, 6.9, -2.6, P < 0.05). According to multiple linear regression of children in the TD group, statistically significant effects of maternal bachelor degree on SDQ-25 emotional symptoms, associate degree on SDQ-25 prosocial behavior (B=-2.20, 2.14), lenient parenting attitude on SCARED-41 general anxiety, worry on SDQ-25 hyperactivity (B=-7.44, 3.00), time spent on electronic devices on SCARED-41 somatic/panic, school phobia and SDQ-25 conduct problems (B=0.49, 0.30, 0.20) and exercise intensity of small intensity on CDI-10 (B=-0.15)were observed (P < 0.05). Conclusion Children with TD are prone to emotional disturbances such as anxiety, depression and behavioral problems, all of which are related to their mothers' educational background, parents' attitude towards discipline, the duration of electronic device use and exercise intensity.

Group risk perception and self-efficacy with individual prevention/control behaviors among college students during the COVID-19 pandemic

ZHANG Luming, HU Chengyang, HUANG Kai, DING Kun, ZHANG Kangdi, CHENG Xin, YANG Xiaojing, ZHANG Xiujun

2022, 43(10): 1539-1543. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.10.023

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Objective To explore the relationship between group risk perception, self-efficacy and attitudes among college students, and its associations with individual prevention and control behaviors regarding COVID-19 pandemic. Methods From October to November 2021, data were collected among 4 092 undergraduate students from eight colleges and universities in Anhui Province, using a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method. A t-test and analysis of variance were performed for comparison between groups, while multiple linear regression was employed to investigate group risk perception, self-efficacy and attitudes among college students in terms of individual COVID-19 prevention and control measures. Results The total scores of group emotional risk perception (ARP), cognitive risk perception (CRP), distance perception (DIP) and self-efficacy were (19.72±4.01)(14.56±3.64)(18.04±5.33) and (27.27±6.74), respectively. The total score of attitudes and beliefs was (26.15±4.54), while individual prevention and control behavior was (25.67±4.45). Emotional risk perception (β=0.16), cognitive risk perception (β=0.08), attitudes (β=0.23) and self-efficacy (β=0.13) were positively correlated with individual prevention and control behaviors of college students(P < 0.05). However, distance risk perception had no significant effect (P>0.05). Conclusion Risk perception, self-efficacy and attitude of college students are correlated with individual COVID-19 prevention and control behaviors. Therefore, colleges and universities should strengthen general self-efficacy and attitude, and improve risk awareness towards COVID-19 among college students, and promote the effective prevention and control of campus epidemic.

Physical activity status of children and adolescents in Tujia inhabited areas

XU Suhua, ZHANG Yan, WU Peng, SUN Guilong, SONG Zhongliang, ZHENG Tao, JI Hongjing, LIU Wenlong

2022, 43(10): 1544-1546. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.10.024

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Objective To understand physical activity status of children and adolescents in Tujia inhabited areas, and to provide reference for the intervention model of physical activity of children and adolescents in minority areas. Methods A cluster sample of 2 466 Tujia pupils from two primary schools in Lichuan City, Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture of Hubei Province was selected to investigate physical activity status of Tujia pupils. The univariate χ² test was used to analyze the physical activity status of Tujia children and adolescents and its influencing factors. Results The median duration of high intensity activity was 49.9 minutes/day in the last week, and 47.93% of participants met the physical activity standard(χ²=80.47, P < 0.01), the median duration of sitting was 396.1 minutes/day in the last week, and the qualified rate of screen time was 78.99%, and the differences of qualified rate between day-students and residential students were of statistical differences(χ²=35.12, P < 0.01)). Conclusion The children and adolescents in the Tujia community are lack of physical activity. Therefore, it is necessary to take effective intervention measures to pay attention to the children and adolescents physical activity.

Relationship between school bullying, sleep duration and depressive symptoms among middle school students in Anhui Province

WU Jing, CHEN Guoping, WANG Zhiqiang, ZHANG Yukun, LI Weidong

2022, 43(10): 1547-1550. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.10.025

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Objective To understand the relationship between school bullying, sleep duration and depressive symptoms among middle school students in Anhui Province, and to provide reference for depression prevention among middle school students. Methods Stratified cluster random sampling was used to select 35 364 middle school students in Anhui Province. Depressive symptoms assessed by the Center for Epidemiological Survey-Depression Scale (CES-D), school bullying and sleep duration were self-reported through questionnaire survey, which was administered during September to November 2020. Logistic regression was used to analyze the effects of school bullying and sleep duration on depressive symptoms in middle school students, and the interaction effects were analyzed using multiplicative and additive effects models. Results The total rate of depressive symptoms among middle school students was 19.29%. After controlling for gender, residence, school level, family structure, smoking and other confounding factors, logistic regression analyses showed that school bullying and sleep deprivation were both associated with depressive symptoms in middle school students with OR(95%CI) values of 3.34(3.14-3.55) and 1.48(1.37-1.61), respectively. Interaction analysis revealed no multiplicative interaction between school bullying and sleep deprivation on depressive symptoms (OR=1.17, 95%CI=0.98-1.39), but additive interactions were observed in the association (OR=4.84, 95%CI=4.36-5.37). The relative excess risk of interactions was 1.50(1.39-1.59), with attributable proportions being 0.31(0.26-0.36) and synergy index being 1.64(1.47-1.89). Conclusion School bullying and sleep deprivation are significantly associated with depressive symptoms synergistically among middle school students. Therefore, school bullying prevention and sufficient sleep can help alleviate depressive symptoms.

A cohort study of the association between linear growth and BMI trajectories with ametropia among 6-year-old children

LIU Jia, XIE Yang, HUANG Kun, WU Xiaoyan, TAO Shuman, XU Shaojun, WANG Xing, YUAN Min, TAO Biao

2022, 43(10): 1551-1555. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.10.026

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Objective To describe the linear growth trajectory and BMI growth trajectory of children aged 0-6 years, and to investigate the relationship between different growth trajectory patterns and refractive error of preschool children. Methods The participants were selected from Ma'anshan Birth Cohort Study (MABC), which was established from May 2013 to September 2014. In this study, 15 follow-up interviews were conducted among 2 037 live births between 42 days after birth and 72 months of age to collect the data of body length and body weight. And at the age of (72±6) months, data of the naked eye visual acuity was measured by professional ophthalmologist in Ma'anshan Maternal and Child Health Hospital. The latent class growth model was conducted to identify distinct linear growth trajectory and BMI Z-score trajectories of 0 to 6 year old infants and young children. Multinomial Logistic regression model was used for analyzing the relationship between distinct growth trajectories and ametropia in 6-year-old children. Results According to the latent class growth model, children showed three obvious linear growth trajectories: slow growth trajectory (n=302), normal growth trajectory (n=1 162), and fast growth trajectory (n=573). And BMI growth trajectory were also divided into three patterns: slow growth trajectory (n=630), normal growth trajectory (n=1 058), and fast growth trajectory (n=349). Multinomial Logistic regression analysis showed that linear slow growth trajectory was a risk factor for hyperopia in 6-year-old children (OR=1.80, 95%CI=1.09-2.98, P < 0.05). But it was not significantly associated with myopia. There was no significant correlation between fast growth BMI pattern and slow growth BMI pattern with myopia and hyperopia in 6-year-old children. Conclusion Slower growth patterns in linear growth trajectories were associated with hyperopia in 6-year-old children.It should pay close attention to the height growth pattern of preschool children. Regular examination of physical development indicators and distance vision can help prevent the occurrence and development of ametropia in preschool children.

Correlation analysis between daily behavior and physical health of middle school students in Tianjin

LIU Yan, TAN Sijie, ZOU Guofang

2022, 43(10): 1556-1560. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.10.027

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Objective To explore the relationship between physical activity, screen time, sleep duration and physical health of middle school students, to provide reference for physical health intervention in middle school students. Methods A total of 1 614 students from 12 middle schools in Tianjin were investigated by stratified random cluster sampling. According to the "Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth", participants were divided into 4 groups: "full qualified group", "2-item qualified group", "1-item qualified group" and "unqualified group". Binary Logistic regression analysis was used to predict physical health risk. Results Only 5.2% boys and 4.2% girls met the standard in all three behaviors, and 16.4% boys and 16.3% girls failed to meet the standard in all three behaviors. The excellent and good rates were 77.7% and 71.8% in the 2-item qualified group and the full qualified group, respectively. The physical health risk of middle school students with insufficient physical activity was 1.76 times higher than that of those who achieved the standard, and the physical health risk of students with too much screen time was 1.34 times higher than that of those who achieved the standard. Physical health risk of middle school students with insufficient sleep duration was 2.86 times higher than that of those who achieved the standard, and the risk of overweight and obesity was 1.49 times higher than that of those who achieved the standard (P < 0.05). Compared with the middle school students who achieved all the standards, physical health risk of unqualified group was 3.63 times, and that of the 1-item qualified group was 2.10 times (P < 0.01). Conclusion Middle school students meet two or more recommendations in physical activity, screen time and sleep duration are more likely to have better physical health and lower risk of overweight and obesity. The findings suggest that students should engage in active sports to increase the high intensity of physical activity, reduce screen time, maintain a healthy sleep habits, in order to obtain better health level.

Epidemiology and associated factors of delay for tuberculosis treatment among schools in Jiaxing during 2011-2020

WANG Yuanhang, ZHU Guoying, GE Rui, MAO Rong, CHEN Zhongwen

2022, 43(10): 1561-1564. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.10.028

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Objective To understand epidemiology and associated factors of delay for tuberculosis in schools of Jiaxing, and to provide basis for the strategy of pulmonary tuberculosis prevention and control in schools. Methods Based on the Tuberculosis Management Information System, the information of school tuberculosis cases in Jiaxing from 2011 to 2020 was collected, and the epidemiological characteristics were analyzed by descriptive epidemiology. Results A total of 436 student pulmonary tuberculosis patients and 46 teacher pulmonary tuberculosis patients were reported in Jiaxing from 2011 to 2020. The average annual incidence rate in teachers (10.70/100 000) was higher than that in students (6.16/100 000) (χ²=13.06, P < 0.05). The incidence rate of school pulmonary tuberculosis (6.59/100 000) was lower than that in the whole population (37.91/100 000) (χ²=184.63, P < 0.05). The school pulmonary tuberculosis patients mainly occurred from March to May, accounted for 11.62%, 11.00%, 9.96% respectively. The incidence rate of school pulmonary tuberculosis patients in county level was lower than in urban district in 2012, and higher than in urban district in 2017 and 2020(χ²=4.61, 5.72, 4.02, P < 0.05). Most student pulmonary tuberculosis patients aged from 15 to 19 years old, the percentage was higher in males(90) than in females(75) in students. The reported incidence rate of pulmonary tuberculosis in primary school and junior high school teachers was higher than that in the same students (χ²=24.34, 14.87, P < 0.05). Passive case-finding including clinical symptomatic inspection and referrals was the main way to find cases. The detection delay rate was 34.23%. Conclusion Early detection, prompt and scientific treatment, shortening the delay time were key to prevent the spread of the school tuberculosis. It is of great significance to reduce the occurrence of clustering in outbreak and public health emergency.

Refractive status of children and adolescents in Gaoxin District of Chengdu

XIN Mei, ZHANG Xuemei, ZHAN Yu, LIU Qianqian, WAN Xuemei, NIE Huibin, WANG Xiaoxiang, TIAN Xixi, YANG Jie, LUO Honglin, GUO Han, YANG Ling, ZENG Liuzhi, LUO Jun, CHEN Zejun

2022, 43(10): 1565-1569. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.10.029

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Objective To investigate the refractive status of children and adolescents aged 4-18 years in Chengdu, and to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of refractive parameters. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 82 024 children and adolescents aged 4-18 years in Gaoxin District of Chengdu from August to September 2021. The prevalence of screening myopia, low vision rate, high myopia rate, refractive status and axial development were analyzed. Results The prevalence of screening myopia in students aged 4-18 years was 40.42%(33 158/82 024). Low myopia was 24.51%(20 108/82 024), moderate myopia was 13.05%(10 703/82 024) and high myopia was 2.86%(2 347/82 024). The prevalence of screening myopia was 1.81% (233/12 848) in kindergarten, 34.44%(17 095/49 644) in primary school, 79.73%(9 738/12 214) in junior high school and 83.25%(6 092/7 318) in senior high school. The rate of visual impairment increased by year from the age of 4, and the rate of myopia increased most rapidly from 6 to 15 years old, the prevalenct of high myopia was compared between adjacent age groups: there were statistical differences between 9-15 years old were more likely to be nearsighted than boys(P < 0.035 7). Significant differences in screening myopia between 5- and 7-17-year-old groups, and in boys and girls.The median total diopter was 0.40 D at the age of 4 and developed to -2.90 D at the age of 18. The diopter of girls aged 8-15 years was higher than that of boys, and there was statistical significance(Z=-2.53, -4.09, -5.67, -8.64, -5.56, -4.97, -2.52, -2.14, P < 0.05). The axial length gradually increased with age, with the mean value of (22.31±0.59) mm at 4 years old and (24.91±1.00) mm at 18 years old. The mean corneal curvature did not change with age (43.19±1.47)D. Conclusion 6-15 years old is a especially critical period for myopia development. More efforts need to be taken to decrease the prevalence of myopia before 6 years old. Prevention of the development of high myopia should start before the age of 10. The prevalence of myopia in girls is higher than that in boys, more prevention and control of myopia should focus on girls.

Monitoring of absenteeism due to respiratory symptoms and diseases among preschoolers in Guangzhou

CHEN Siyu, LIU Wei, LIU Weijia, WU Deping, LIN Rong, SUN Yi, XIONG Lihua

2022, 43(10): 1570-1573. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.10.030

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Objective To analyse monitoring absenteeism due to respiratory symptoms/diseases among preschoolers in Guangzhou, and to provide reference for risk prevention and control of respiratory infectious diseases in kindergartens. Methods Data of absenteeism due to symptoms and diseases in kindergartens were collected from "Guangzhou Student Health Monitoring System", and was analyzed by using R 4.1.3 software. Results During 2018-2020 academic year, there were 1 965, 2 019, 2 236 kindergartens being monitored respectively. The absenteeism rate of kindergarten's children due to respiratory symptoms and diseases in Guangzhou were 3.08‰ and 2.02‰. The absenteeism rates due to respiratory symptoms were 3.75‰, 4.17‰, 2.97‰ and 2.09‰ in baby class, junior class, middle class and senior class, respectively. The absenteeism rates due to respiratory diseases were 2.34‰, 2.60‰, 1.94‰ and 1.50‰, respectively. The absenteeism rate in higher grade was lower than that in lower grade(χ²=65 197.95, 27 929.44, P < 0.01). The absenteeism rates of boys (3.11‰, 2.05‰) due to respiratory symptoms/diseases were significantly higher than those of girls (3.06‰, 1.97‰)(χ²=57.71, 229.45, P < 0.01). The absenteeism of preschoolers due to respiratory symptoms/diseases showed two peaks in December of the this year and May of the following year. At the beginning of the second semester of 2019 academic year (after the outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019), the absenteeism rate due to respiratory symptoms/diseases were lower than those of the same period in previous years. Conclusions The absences due to respiratory symptoms or diseases not only accounted for half of the total absences due to illness, but also had seasonal characteristics. Children in the youngerage group and most boys are treated as a focus group for absence due to respiratory symptoms/illnesses. It's necessary to give full use of timely warning function of health monitoring system.

Prevalence and associations of overweight obesity and sleep duration among university students in Jiangxi Province

CHEN Ting, HE Yibin, FAN Yi, SONG Xiaoguang, FANG Xiaoyan, ZHU Hui

2022, 43(10): 1574-1578. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.10.031

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Objective To investigate prevalence of overweight, obesity and sleep duration and its associations among university students in Jiangxi Province, and to provide the basis for developing strategies for prevention and treatment of overweight and obesity among university students. Methods Using the stratified random cluster sampling, 2 605 university students in 11 districts of Jiangxi Province were investigated with physical examination and questionnaire survey during September to October in 2019. Results The detection rates of overweight-obesity, obesity of university students in Jiangxi Province were 13.0% and 3.6%, respectively. The detection rates of overweight-obesity, obesity of boys(20.8%, 6.0%) were higher than girls(8.4%, 2.1%)(χ²=82.34, 25.79, P < 0.01). Significant differences were found in prevalence of overweight-obesity and obesity by economic areas, with highest overweight-obesity in high economic area(15.8%), followed by moderate(13.6%) and poor economicareas(10.3%), and highest obesity in high economic areas(5.6%), followed by poor(3.6%) and moderate economic areas(2.1%)(χ²=11.57, 14.62, P < 0.01).The average sleep duration was (7.48±1.26) h/d.The rates of adequate sleep, insufficient sleep and excessive sleep were 69.1%, 17.6% and 13.3%, respectively.The average sleep time of boys[(7.61±1.46)h/d]was more than that of girls[(7.41±1.11)h/d](t=4.00, P < 0.01).The rate of insufficient sleep of boys (15.6%) was lower than that of girls (18.8%), the rate of insufficient sleep of boys (16.1%) was higher than that of girls (11.6%), and the differences were statistically significant(χ²=12.38, P < 0.01).The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of overweight and obesity, obesity in those with insufficient sleep was 1.41 times and 1.69 times that in those with sufficient sleep, respectively(P < 0.05). Conclusion The problem of overweight and obesity of university students in Jiangxi Province is serious, and the problem of insufficient sleep is worrying, and insufficient sleep is a related factor for overweight and obesity among university students in Jiangxi Province. They should develop good sleep habits and ensure normal sleep time to reduce the risk of overweight and obesity.

Gender disparities in epidemiological trend of HIV/AIDS disease burden among Chinese adolescents from 1990 to 2019

MA Xiaomei, WANG Jinjin, PEI Lanying, HUANG Yanmei, YANG Mengli, ZHAO Qianqian, XU Xueqin, YAN Guoli

2022, 43(10): 1579-1582. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.10.032

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Objective To analysis gender disparities in epidemiological trend of HIV/AIDS disease burden among Chinese population aged 10-24 years from 1990 to 2019. Methods The Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD 2019) results tool was used to extract the number of deaths, mortality rate, disability adjusted life years (DALY), DALY rate, years of life lost (YLL), YLL rate, years lived with disability (YLD) and YLD rate to comprehensively analyze the change range of HIV/AIDS disease burden in the Chinese population aged 10-24 years from 1990 to 2019. Results In 2019, the number of deaths, mortality rate, DALY, DALY rate, YLL, YLL rate, YLD and YLD rate of Chinese population aged 10-24 years due to HIV/AIDS were 847, 0.37 per 100 000, 62 621 person years, 27.51 per 100 000, 58 036 person years, 25.49 per 100 000, 4 584 person years, 2.01 per 100 000 respectively, with the increase of 401.18%, 691.49%, 370.48%, 648.26%, 409.53%, 710.33%, 138.87% and 279.25%, compared with the data in 1990. In term of gender, the number of deaths, mortality rate, DALY, and DALY rate of Chinese male population aged 10-14, 15-19 and 20-24 years due to HIV/AIDS in 2019 were higher than those of female, and the growth rate (compared with 1990) was also higher than that of female. In term of the age group, the increase in people aged 10-14 years was higher than that of people aged 20-24 years. From 1990 to 2019, with the increase of year and age, gender disparity between mortality and DALY rate widened. Conclusions Compared with data in 1990, the risk of HIV/AIDS infection in 2019 among Chinese population aged 10-24 years continued to increase, especially among young people of 10-14 years. Gender disparity is exacerbating.

Microbial contamination of interior elevator buttons in a university

HUANG Jinjin, ZHANG Lu, SONG Lei, ZHANG Xue

2022, 43(10): 1583-1585. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.10.033

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Objective To investigate the microbial contamination on the interior elevator buttons in a university, and to provide data reference for elevator disinfection and sanitation management. Methods The interior elevator buttons in a university were sampled for 4 consecutive quarters (140 elevators in total). The total number of bacteria, coliform bacteria and Staphylococcus aureus on the surface of elevator buttons are tested by referring to "Sanitary Inspection Methodsfor Public Places-Part IV: Microorganisms for Public Utensils" (GB/T 18204.4-2013). The results were evaluated with reference to the hygienic requirements for public utensils and utensils in "Sanitation Indicators and Limit Requirements for Public Places"(GB 37488-2019). Results The bacteria contamination rate of the interior buttons of public elevators in the university was 98.57%, and 19.29% of which exceeded the maximum level for public appliances (300 CFU/25 cm²). The total qualified rate of total bacteria, coliform bacteria and Staphylococcus aureus were 80.71%, 99.29% and 95.71% respectively. The qualified rate of Staphylococcus aureus varied by season(χ²=12.11, P < 0.01), and the qualified rate of Staphylococcus aureus was the lowest in summer(82.86%). The pass rates of the three elevator sanitation indicators in the administrative building, teaching building and comprehensive building did not vary by different building functions (total number of bacteria: χ²=3.53, coliform: χ²=2.37, Staphylococcus aureus: χ²=2.08, P>0.05). Conclusions Bacterial contamination was found in most of the interior buttons of public elevators in university, with vast number of bacteria and pathogenic bacteria. Relevant departments need to strengthen the disinfection frequency and effect monitoring of the interior buttons of public elevators in schools. All the staffs and students in the university need to increase their awareness of hand hygiene after using the elevator.

Research progress on adolescents' spinal health education

ZHOU Yu

2022, 43(10): 1586-1590. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.10.034

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Abstract:
With the rapid development of technology, abnormal posture and spinal problems of teenagers are emerging as new health problems. However, at present, there is no specific research towards spine health education in China. This paper systematically reviews global adolescent spinal health education, including content, participants, duration, teaching mode and evaluation method. Suggestions are recommended in this review: spinal health education program should be developed based on theoretical framework of social science, adopt the teaching form of both theory education and practice, and the "student-centered" teaching mode; a full spectrum of spine health, ranging from basic knowledge, posture habit and exercise should be provided; knowledge, skills, daily behavior and self-efficacy of participants should be included in the spinal health education evaluation framework; spinal health education should be delivered to adolescents, teachers as well as parents.

Research progress of bystander ignorance in school bullying

LI Yuan, SU Puyu

2022, 43(10): 1591-1595. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.10.035

Abstract(678) HTML (320) PDF(58)

Abstract:
In recent years, school bullying occurs frequently, which has aroused widespread concern from all walks of life. But in addition to the two important roles of the bully and the bullied, the influence of a large group of bystanders should not be underestimated in bullying incidents. It has constituted an important part of school bullying and plays a certain role in regulating the occurrence and development of bullying incidents. However, in real life, bystanders often show an indifferent attitude towards bullying, so this article will systematically describe the types of bystanders, the influencing factors and harms of bystander ignorance, and provide a strong basis for the subsequent transformation of negative bystanders into positive protectors, so as to reduce the occurrence of school bullying and restore a harmonious and beautiful school for children and adolescents.

Research progress on online disclosure of non-suicidal self-injury among adolescents

QIN Yuan, LIU Jiao, WU Dongmei

2022, 43(10): 1596-1600. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.10.036

Abstract(360) HTML (172) PDF(40)

Abstract:
Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is one of the most common mental health problems during adolescence, and has become a major public health concern. With the widespread use of the Internet among adolescents, online social platforms are used as tools for self-disclosure among adolescents with NSSI. Online disclosure of NSSI among adolescents has become an issue that attracts much research attention. Several studies indicated the double-edged swaord of online self-disclosure of NSSI. This review aims to summarize the characteristics, associated factors and the impact of online disclosure of NSSI among adolescents, and to provide evidence for early detection and effective intervention.

2022 Vol. 43, No. 10