Current Articles

2024, Volume 45,  Issue 9

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Caring for children with disabilities to promote healthy growth
YANG Jiewen
2024, 45(9): 1217-1220. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024273
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Children with disabilities face many difficulties and challenges during their growth process, and need comprehensive rehabilitation nursing and care to promote healthy growth. From the perspective of comprehensive rehabilitation services, the editorial discusses the importance of comprehensive rehabilitation services for children with disabilities, and examines the current research status and challenges associated with the provision of such services. The aim of the paper is to explore the provision of comprehensive rehabilitation support for children with disabilities. The findings can serve as a reference for rehabilitation services among children with disabilities, so as to promote healthy growth.
International practice and implications of preventive measures for adolescent online game addiction
MA Qingze, CHEN Yao, WEI Shuhua
2024, 45(9): 1221-1226. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024271
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Adolescent online game addiction is a common and typical public health problem for all countries in the world. The United States, the United Kingdom and Germany have taken a series of effective measures in the prevention of adolescent online game addiction, such as strengthening government supervision, improving legislation, promoting industry self-discipline, creating organizations and institutions to prevent and control online addiction, regulating the order of online game market as well as enriching the after-school life of teenagers. The article aims to summarize and learn from the practical experiences of the United States, the United Kingdom and Germany, and combine them with the actual situation in China to formulate preventive measures against adolescent online game addiction that are suitable for the Chinese context.
Systematic evaluation of eye tracking characteristics of emotional face in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder
LI Xinyu, XIONG Wenjuan, CUI Tingkai, QU Zhiyi, ZHANG Xin
2024, 45(9): 1227-1232. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024267
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  Objective  To apply eye-tracking technology to measure the fixation duration of children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) towards emotional faces, so as to provide potential objective indicators for the diagnosis and intervention of ASD.  Methods  Case-control studies related to emotional faces in ASD children and adolescents aged 3-18 years were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI and Wanfang, with a search period spanning from the inception of the databases to April 1, 2024. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was employed to assess the quality of the retrieved articles, and a Meta-analysis was conducted by Stata 17.0 software.  Results  A total of 18 articles were included, encompassing 361 participants in the ASD group and 413 in the control group. All studies scored ≥6 on the NOS, indicating high research quality. Compared to the control group, the ASD group demonstrated significantly shorter fixation duration (P < 0.01) towards specific emotional faces, including happy faces under the paradigm of self-made and same-ethnicity emotional faces (SMD=-1.05, -1.16), neutral faces in domestic literature (SMD= -1.00), angry and sad faces under clinical diagnosis criteria (SMD=-1.73, -1.29), and fearful faces under Chinese Classification and Diagnostic Criteria of Mental Disorders, Version 3 (CCMD-Ⅲ) (SMD=-1.51).  Conclusion  Children and adolescents with ASD exhibit abnormal eye-tracking indicators towards certain emotional faces, which may serve as early warning indicators for the diagnosis of ASD.
Association between 24 h movement behaviors and fundamental motor skills of children with autism spectrum disorder in Jinan
DING Jianing, YUAN Yaqing, XING Yaping, ZHANG Zhaopeng, LIU Yang
2024, 45(9): 1233-1237. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024276
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  Objective  To study the association between 24 h activities and Fundamental Motor Skills (FMS) among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) using compositional data analysis, and the expected changes in FMS after isochronous substitution of each activity, in order to provide reference basis for improving FMS levels in children with ASD.  Methods  From October 2023 to April 2024, a total of 301 children with ASD aged 6-10 from 7 special education schools in Jinan, were investigated by cluster random sampling, and 24 h movement behaviors were calculated based on accelerator data. Test of Gross Motor Development-2 was used to assess FMS. R software was used to perform the descriptive statistical, multiple linear regression and isochronous substitution analyses.  Results  The proportion of moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in children with ASD was positively related with FMS scores, locomotor, and object control skills (β=12.42, 6.32, 6.10, P < 0.01). Reallocating 15 min from sleep (SLP) to MVPA resulted in respective increases of 3.66, 1.91, and 1.75 points in FMS scores, locomotor skills, and object control skills (P < 0.05). Reallocating 15 min from sedentary behavior (SB) to MVPA resulted in respective increases of 3.72, 1.88, and 1.83 points in FMS scores, locomotor skills, and object control skills (P < 0.05). Reallocating 15 min from light physical activity (LPA) to MVPA resulted in respective increases of 3.32, 1.57, and 1.74 points in FMS scores, locomotor skills, and object control skills (P < 0.05). Moreover, reallocating 15 min from SB to LPA resulted in an increase of 0.28 points in locomotor skills (P < 0.05). Dose-response analysis revealed that substitution of MVPA for SLP, SB, and LPA in children with ASD enhanced their FMS levels, and their substitution was asymmetrical; and substitution of LPA for SB enhanced locomotor skills level.  Conclusions  Among the 24 h movement behaviors, increasing the time spent on MVPA and LPA have positive impacts on the FMS of children with ASD. Schools and families should optimize the allocation of 24 h activity time in children with ASD, so as to promote the improvement of FMS levels of children with ASD.
Analysis of nutritional status and related factors of school-aged children with cerebral palsy in a welfare institution of Guangzhou
CHEN Jingyi, XIAO Jiaqi, GUO Feng, LIANG Quanquan, YANG Jiewen
2024, 45(9): 1238-1241. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024283
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  Objective  To under the prevalence of malnutrition and its associated factors in school-aged children with cerebral palsy, so as to provide a basis for relevant departments to formulate targeted policies.  Methods  From July to August 2023, the researchers selected 333 children with cerebral palsy and 960 children with other diseases aged 6-18 years who were residents of a social welfare institution in Guangzhou, China. Their height and weight were measured and a nutritional status analysis was carried out using a cluster sampling method. Multivariate Logistic analysis was performed to analyze the relative factors and malnutrition status of school-aged children with cerebral palsy.  Results  The prevalence of growth retardation among school-aged children with cerebral palsy was 74.5%, with rates of stunting, normal nutrition status, and overweight/obesity being 17.7%, 7.2%, and 0.6%, respectively. The results of the univariate analysis revealed statistically significant differences in the detection rate of malnutrition among school-aged children with cerebral palsy based on gender, gross motor function classification system (GMFCS) grading, and the presence of swallowing disorders (χ2=6.02, 15.23, 32.16, P < 0.05). The results of the multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that gender (OR=0.37, 95%CI=0.15-0.91), dysphagia (OR=4.10, 95%CI=1.39-12.12), and GMFCS classification (OR=1.45, 95%CI=1.04-3.01) were influencing factors of malnutrition (P < 0.05).  Conclusions  The detection rate of malnutrition among children and adolescents with cerebral palsy in welfare institutions was found to be relatively high, and influenced by various factors. Corresponding nutritional interventions should be developed and implemented based on the risk factors of malnutrition in school-aged children with cerebral palsy to improve their nutritional status.
Relationship of serum 25(OH)D levels and social-emotional functioning in children with autism spectrum disorder
XU Zhanbin, WANG Feiying, QIN Hongchao, TAO Xiaodong, ZHAI Qiuchan, NI Yong
2024, 45(9): 1242-1245. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024284
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  Objective  To understand the relationship between serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and social-emotional functions in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), in order to provide the reference for comprehensive interventions in ASD children.  Methods  From January to June 2024, 124 ASD children aged 1-3 who received rehabilitation training at designated rehabilitation institutions in Nantong City, China were selected as the case group, while 124 healthy gender- and age-matched children who underwent health examinations at the same time were selected as the control group. The study used liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to measure serum 25(OH)D levels in both groups of children. The Chinese Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (CITSEA) was used to evaluate the emotional and socialization functioning of children with ASD, and to explore the relationship between serum 25(OH)D levels and their emotional and social functioning.  Results  The serum 25(OH)D levels were lower in the case group [(59.22±19.96)nmol/L] compared to the control group [(85.50±21.59)nmol/L], and the rate of 25(OH)D deficiency or insufficiency (21.77%) was higher than that of the control group (7.26%), with statistically significant differences (t/χ2=-7.75, 8.91, P < 0.01). The CITSEA evaluation results showed that the scores of the explicit behavior domain, implicit behavior domain, dysregulation domain, and ability domain in children with ASD were (63.37±10.44, 56.29±9.36, 57.04±10.65, 38.92±17.91) points, and the abnormal detection rates were 50.81%, 35.48%, 41.13%, and 45.16%, respectively. Among them, the abnormal detection rates of the explicit behavior domain and ability domain were higher in boys (57.14%, 51.02%) compared to girls (34.62%, 23.08%), and the differences were statistically significant (χ2=4.18, 6.48, P < 0.05). The abnormal detection rates of explicit behavioral domains and dysregulated domains in ASD children with insufficient or deficient serum 25(OH)D (77.78%, 59.26%) were higher than those in the normal serum 25(OH)D group (37.11%, 18.56%), and the differences were statistically significant (χ2=14.06, 17.58, P < 0.01).  Conclusion  The serum 25(OH)D levels in children with ASD are significantly lower compared to levels in healthy children, and developmental abnormalities in social-emotional functioning are common concurrent problems.
Correlation between serum insulin-like growth factor-1 expression and characteristics of gut microbiota in children with cerebral palsy accompanied by growth retardation
HUANG Min, YU Xiaotang, ZHOU Ping, LU Zhensheng, ZHU Shihua, NIE Yun, LIANG Zhengzhong, WU Liqun, YANG Jiewen
2024, 45(9): 1246-1250. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024290
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  Objective  To explore expression of serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and characteristics of gut microbiota in children with cerebral palsy accompanied by growth retardation, and the association between IGF-1 expression and gut microbiota characteristics, so as to provide the basis for promoting the overall health of children with cerebral palsy accompanied by growth retardation.  Methods  From June 2022 to June 2023, 112 children with cerebral palsy aged 3-14 years old were randomly selected from a welfare institution in Guangzhou. According to the WHO standard for growth and development delay, 112 children with cerebral palsy were divided into a cerebral palsy accompanied by growth and development delay group (80 cases) and a cerebral palsy accompanied by normal growth and development group (32 cases), and 32 healthy children living in the same institution were selected as the control group. Serum IGF-1 levels were measured in three groups of children, and the gut microbiota was determined using 16S rDNA sequencing technology. The expression characteristics, gut microbiota composition, differential features and correlation of IGF-1 in three groups of children were explored.  Results  The expression levels of serum IGF-1 in three groups of children were compared, and children with cerebral palsy accompanied by growth retardation[97.70(66.35, 139.50)ng/mL] and cerebral palsy accompanied by normal growth development[149.00(68.30, 233.00)ng/mL] were all lower than those in the healthy control group[169.90(118.75, 293.80)ng/mL], with statistical significance(H=20.13, P < 0.05). The Alpha diversity of gut microbiota in the cerebral palsy with growth retardation group and the cerebral palsy with normal growth group were higher than that in the healthy control group[Chao index(482.50, 489.90, 396.10), Shannon index(6.29, 6.44, 5.89), Simpson index(0.97, 0.97, 0.96)](H=17.20, 7.01, 6.41, P < 0.05). IGF-1 was positively correlated with the relative abundunce of Eubacterium coprostanogenes group and Subdoligranulum (r=0.38, 0.33, P < 0.05).  Conclusions  Cerebral palsy children with growth retardation show lower level in serum IGF-1, substantial variation in gastrointestinal tract community structure. The appropriate gut microbiota could be used as potential predictive markers of cerebral palsy associated with growth retardation, to provide new strategies for future intervention and treatment.
Safety evaluation of free bivalent human papilloma virus vaccine among junior middle school girls in Jiangxi Province
ZHAO Hongping, LIU Lihong, ZHENG Min, WU Fengyun, GUO Shicheng, LIU Jie
2024, 45(9): 1251-1254. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024272
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  Objective  To evaluate the safety of free bivalent human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine for junior middle school girls in Jiangxi Province, so as to provide the reference for HPV vaccination.  Methods  The number of free inoculation of bivalent HPV vaccine for junior middle school girls in Jiangxi Province from August 1, 2023 to May 31, 2024 were collected by Jiangxi Provincial Immunization Planning Information System, and the cases of adverse events following immunization (AEFI) were collected by China Disease Prevention and Control Information System. A descriptive analysis was conducted to assess the incidence of AEFI among middle school girls who received free bivalent HPV vaccine.  Results  Junior middle school girls in Jiangxi Province were vaccinated with free bivalent HPV vaccine for 1 061 023 doses, and 67 cases of AEFI were reported. Among the 67 cases, there were 50 cases of general reaction, 7 cases of abnormal reaction, 8 cases of psychogenic reaction and 2 cases of coupling syndrome. The reported incidence of AEFI, adverse reactions and psychogenic reactions were 6.31/100 000, 5.37/100 000 and 0.75/100 000 respectively. Adverse reactions were primarily general reactions (87.72%), with abnormal reactions counting for 12.28%. All AEFI cases were cured or improved, and no death or disability cases were reported.  Conclusion  The free vaccination of bivalent HPV for junior high school girls in Jiangxi Province is identified as highly safe, low adverse reaction reporting rate, and mainly general reactions, but attention should be paid to the prevention of psychogenic reactions in adolescents.
Malnutrition among primary and secondary school students from 2008 to 2021 in Zhejiang Province
YANG Ying, ZHENG Weijun, GU Fang, MENG Jia, LI Juanjuan, GAO Lei, SHEN Yu, ZHANG Ronghua
2024, 45(9): 1255-1259. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024269
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  Objective  To describe the prevalence characteristics and trend of malnutrition among primary and secondary school students in Zhejiang Province from 2008 to 2021, so as to provide scientific references for targeted interventions on malnutrition among children and adolescents.  Methods  Based on the National Student Common Diseases and Health Influencing Factors Surveillance Project, 81 228 primary and middle school students aged 9-17 from Zhejiang Province were recruited for a questionnaire in 2008, 2014 and 2021, with stratified cluster random sampling method. Malnutrition was determined by Screening for Malnutrition in School aged Children and Adolescents. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used for non-normally distributed data, and the Chi-square test was used for categorical data. A trend Chi-square test analyzed detection rates across different years.  Results  The prevalence rates of malnutrition, stunting, mild wasting, and moderate to severe wasting among primary and secondary school students in 2008, 2014 and 2021 were 12.0%, 6.6%, 6.0%; 1.2%, 0.5%, 0.3%; 6.0%, 3.9%, 3.6%; and 4.7%, 2.2%, 2.2%, with an overall declining trend (χtrend2=532.73, 181.43, 161.24, 240.38, P < 0.05). The prevalence rates of malnutrition and mild wasting in each year were higher in boys (13.7%, 7.6%; 7.5%, 5.0%; 7.1%, 4.5%) than in girls (10.3%, 4.4%; 5.5%, 2.7%; 4.8%, 2.5%) (χ2=54.45, 88.67; 47.04, 81.07; 85.28, 98.81; P < 0.01). The difference in malnutrition prevalence between urban and rural areas gradually narrowed (12.5%, 11.6%; 6.9%, 6.3%; 6.0%, 6.0%), with no statistically significant difference in 2021 (χ2=0.01, P>0.05). Malnutrition among primary and secondary school students was primarily characterized by mild wasting (56.0%) in Zhejiang Province. Compared to 2008, the prevalence of malnutrition in 2014 and 2021 showed a steady upward trend with increasing age in Zhejiang Province(χtrends2=44.52, 11.78, P < 0.01).  Conclusions  The prevalence of malnutrition among primary and secondary school students aged 9 to 17 years in Zhejiang Province decreases by year from 2008 to 2021. However, the prevalence increase steadily with age, and boys have a higher prevalence of malnutrition. Policies should be developed age-, gender-, and growth-appropriate dietary patterns to reduce malnutrition among primary and secondary school students.
Analysis of current status and related factors of breakfast among primary and secondary school students in Zhejiang Province
ZHAO Dong, SU Danting, ZOU Yan, HUANG Lichun, HE Mengjie, HAN Dan, GU Wei, ZHANG Ronghua
2024, 45(9): 1260-1263. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024259
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  Objective  To understand current status and related factors of breakfast among primary and secondary school students in Zhejiang Province, so as to provide a scientific basis for improving breakfast habits of primary and secondary school students.  Methods  During May to November of 2023, 33 326 students from grade four to six of primary schools and grade one to two of secondary schools were selected from 90 counties and cities in Zhejiang Province by using the stratified cluster random sampling method. General information and breakfast consumption were collected by questionnaire. Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the related factors of breakfast.  Results  About 81.29% of the primary and secondary school students reported regular breakfast consumption. The rate of regular breakfast consumption was higher on the school days (92.23%) than on the weekends (85.17%), and higher in primary school students (85.83%) compared to secondary school students (74.71%), with statistically significant differences (χ2=827.42, 655.03, P < 0.01). About 49.19% of primary and secondary school students had their breakfast within 10 minutes or less, and 83.30% of primary and secondary school students had 3-5 food groups for breakfast. The proportions of students who consumed cereals and potatoes, milk, and eggs were respectively 18.76%, 28.85%, 14.63%. About 22.84%, 28.00%, 32.60% and 32.23% of the students had no meat, soybeans, vegetables and fruits in their breakfast. The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that girls, rural area, secondary school, place of living (dormitory, others), migrant parent (one or both outside the hometown), late bedtime (22:00-22:59, 23:00 and later) and late wake-up time (9:00 and later) on the weekends were positively correlated with no having breakfast every day (OR=1.22, 1.40, 1.46, 1.20, 1.20, 1.34, 1.36, 1.41, 3.51, 2.32, P < 0.05). The time of physical activity per day (30- < 60, 60- < 90, 90-120, >120 min), bedtime (21:00-21:59, 22:00-22:59) and wake-up time (6:00-6:59, 7:00-7:59) on school days were negatively correlated with no having breakfast every day (OR=0.75, 0.64, 0.67, 0.64, 0.77, 0.82, 0.75, 0.67, P < 0.05).  Conclusions  There is a considerable number of primary and secondary school students with irregular breakfast consumption, which are related to multiple factors. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen nutrition education and improve the behavior of breakfast for primary and secondary school students.
Tracking analysis of the relationship between isotemporal substitution of 24 h movement behavior and quality of life in children
SHE Gang, HUANG Jian, REN Limin, ZHANG Pengpeng
2024, 45(9): 1264-1268. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024274
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  Objective  To explore the cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between children's 24 h movement behaviors and health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and to reflect the impact of reallocating time between different activities on HRQoL scores using the isotemporal substitution analysis method, so as to provide a scientific basis for promoting children's health.  Methods  In May 2022, a method combining cluster random sampling and convenience sampling was employed to conduct baseline survey on 397 children aged 7-10 from three primary schools in Wanzhou District of Chongqing. Children's movement behaviors were monitored using accelerometers, and their HRQoL was assessed through a health-related quality of life questionnaire for children.The same questionnaire was used for assessing HRQoL of children on the follow-up survery after on year(May 2023). A component-based multiple linear regression model was used to analyze the relationship between children's 24 h movement behaviors and HRQoL.  Results  The average daily times for children's light physical activity (LPA), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), sleep (SP), and sedentary behavior (SB) were (331.5±41.7, 61.9±28.6, 561.7±78.4, 484.9±67.3) min, respectively. The mean baseline HRQoL score was (69.5±6.6), and it was (67.6±5.1) after one year. MVPA and SP were positively correlated with HRQoL at baseline(β=0.59, 0.38) and after one year (β=0.48, 0.39), while SB was negatively correlated with HRQoL at baseline and after one year (β=-0.25, -0.53) (P < 0.05). An isotemporal substitution analysis showed that replacing 30 minutes of LPA or SB with MVPA increased the HRQoL scores by 1.81 and 2.79 at baseline, and by 1.37 and 2.12 after one year. Additionally, replacing SB with SP increased the HRQoL scores by 0.61 at baseline and by 0.39 after one year (P < 0.05).  Conclusions  Children's 24 h movement behaviors, particularly physical activity (PA) and sleep, are closely related to children's HRQoL. Appropriate measures should be taken to increase children's PA and SP time and reduce SB time to improve children's HRQoL.
Stakeholder analysis of prevention and control of obesity among middle school students
PAN Shasha, LIN Yixi, ZHANG Youjie
2024, 45(9): 1269-1274. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024268
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  Objective  To identify the stakeholders of prevention and control of obesity among middle school students and analyze their motivations and interest demands for participation, in order to provide constructive recommendations for facilitating their effective engagement of stakeholders in prevention and control of obesity among middle school students.  Methods  Stakeholders and their types were identified through a combination of literature analysis and consultation with 17 experts in children and adolescents for prevention and control of obesity. From December 2023 to January 2024, by applying convenience sampling, face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 individuals engaged in prevention and control of obesity for middle school students and focus group interviews were conducted with 48 students and parents. Thematic analysis was employed to obtain motivations and interest demands for stakeholder involvement in prevention and control of obesity.  Results  A total of 29 subcategories within 7 major categories of stakeholders were identified, including government and relevant functional departments, non-profit organizations and communities, for-profit organizations and individuals, schools, professional and technical personnel, families and individuals, and scientific research institutions, with 28 subcategories being confirmed stakeholders. Among these stakeholders, there were 3 types of cooperative relationships: management, cooperation, and service. There were some factors hindering cooperation among stakeholders including imperfections in specialized policies and lack of long-term cooperative mechanisms, flaws and interest conflicts in the evaluation system, insufficiency of material resources, and poor health values. In response to these challenges, interviewees proposed to convene a working group for the prevention and control of adolescent obesity. They also suggested making a contract of responsibility, strengthening supervision over for-profit organizations, enhancing advocating efforts for prevention and control of obesity, and increasing financial support.  Conclusions  The prevention and control of obesity for middle school students can be facilitated by forming a collaborative alliance based on the roles and relationships of stakeholders identified in the present study. Perceived conflicts of interest among stakeholders can be reconciled by employing strategies of interest integration, goal alignment, and spiritual integration, to enhance the feasibility, participation and sustainability of obesity intervention.
Relationship between parental nutritional literacy and dietary behaviors among primary school students from grade 4 to 6 in Bao'an District of Shenzhen
HUANG Yun, LIU Yanhong, HUANG Li, LI Yanrou, WU Mingze
2024, 45(9): 1275-1279. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024258
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  Objective  To understand the relationship between parental nutritional literacy and dietary behaviors of primary school students in Bao'an District of Shenzhen, so as to provide a basis for promoting childhood healthy eating habits.  Methods  In December 2022, a total of 2 293 students in grades 4-6 and their parents from seven schools in Baoan District, Shenzhen were surveyed with questionnaire by using stratified cluster random sampling method. Multiple linear regression model was used to explore the relationship between parental nutrition literacy and dietary behaviors among primary school students.  Results  The mean score of parental total nutritional literacy was (75.04±8.08), and the mean scores of the three dimensions for basic knowledge and concepts, basic skills and lifestyle and dietary behaviors were (24.23±2.45) (34.99±5.61), and (15.82±2.56), respectively. The mean total nutrient literacy score of parents with normal body mass index (BMI) was (75.47±8.04), which was higher than that of parents with abnormal BMI (74.45±7.85) (t=2.78, P < 0.01); and the mean dietary behavior score of primary school students whose parents were sufficient nutritional literacy (32.45±3.02) was higher than those of parents with low nutritional literacy (30.98±3.60) (t=9.22, P < 0.01). In multiple linear regression analyses, after adjusting for gender, grade, household registration, parental education, parental occupation, whether living with their parents, and parental BMI of primary school students and other factors, parental basic knowledge and concepts (β=0.13, 95%CI=0.07-0.19), basic skills (β=0.10, 95%CI=0.08-0.13), lifestyle and dietary behaviors (β=0.28, 95%CI=0.23-0.34), and total nutritional literacy level (β=0.09, 95%CI=0.07-0.11) were positively correlated with healthy dietary behaviours of primary school students (P < 0.05).  Conclusions  As parental nutritional literacy increases in Bao'an District of Shenzhen, unhealthy dietary behavior among primary school students also relatively decreases. It's recommended that comprehensive parental nutritional literacy interventions should be enhanced to foster healthy dietary behaviors in children.
Status and knowledge demand of health emergency literacy among college students in Shaanxi Province
ZHANG Xuefeng, ZHANG Zhigang, GUO Chen, PAN Wenbo, LI Jinting, SHI Mengrui, YANG Zhipei
2024, 45(9): 1280-1284. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024277
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  Objective  To understand the status and related knowledge requirements of health emergency literacy among college students in Shaanxi Province, so as to provide the basis for improving college students' health emergency literacy.  Methods  A total of 2 723 students from 18 colleges and universities in Shaanxi Province were selected by multi-stage random sampling and simple random sampling methods in November 2023, and the survey of health literacy in emergency and knowledge requirements of health emergency literacy was conducted. Statistical analysis was carried out by using χ2 test, Wilcoxon rank-sum test, Kruskal-Wallis H test and Logistic regression analysis.  Results  About 28.98% of the surveyed college students had a high level of health emergency literacy, which varied by students whether being only one-child, whether having left-behind experience, with different personality types, whether being student cadres, and with different frequencies of community or social activities (χ2=9.15, 7.90, 32.73, 16.29, 120.25, P < 0.05). The equivalence scores of the four dimensions of health emergency literacy from high to low were poisoning and nuclear and radiation (0.84), medical rescue (0.83), infectious disease (0.82), and basic knowledge and behavior (0.77). Logistic regression analysis found that college students with left-behind experience were negatively correlated with health emergency literacy and its four dimensions (OR=0.74, 0.72, 0.80, 0.80, 0.83), while personality type (rational type), community or social activity frequency were positively correlated with the cognitive levels of health emergency literacy and its four dimensions among college students (OR=1.57, 1.50, 1.33, 1.27, 1.38)(P < 0.05). There was a higher level of basic knowledge and behavioral cognition among only child college students (OR=3.73), and female students had a higher level of health emergency literacy, as well as awareness of infectious disease outbreaks and medical rescue (OR=1.21, 1.28, 1.21)(P < 0.05). The radar map showed that the level of health emergency literacy was positive development radar map. About 67.68% of the students had a high willingness to acquire health emergency literacy knowledge, and the demand for basic health emergency knowledge and behavioral knowledge was the highest (52.37%).  Conclusions  College students have insufficient health emergency literacy, but they have the highest demand for health emergency. Publicity and education should be strengthened for students with left-behind experience, irrational type, and low frequency of community or social activities.
Evaluation of effectiveness of online courses on sexuality education for rural girls in China
GUO Lingfeng, LIU Shuang, CHEN Jialing, LI Xuelu
2024, 45(9): 1285-1289. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024265
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  Objective  To explore the impact of online sexuality education courses on the sexual knowledge, attitudes and related behaviors of rural girls, so as to provide the practical guidance for promoting sexual health and development.  Methods  From February to June 2023, by posting information online and through commonweal organization websites, rural primary schools in 12 provinces were recruited for a semester of online sexuality education courses from October to November 2023. A self-compiled sexuality education questionnaire was used to survey the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of rural girls before and after the course intervention, with pre-tests in September 2023 and post-tests in December 2023. The eligible samples were 3 058 and 2 602, respectively. Independent sample t-tests and text frequency and sentiment analysis were used to process the data.  Results  In terms of sexual knowledge, the scores of rural girls before and after the test were (8.49±3.29) and (9.40±3.35), respectively, with the post-test score being higher than the pre-test (t=-10.20, P < 0.01). In terms of attitudes, the scores of rural girls before and after the test were (11.50±4.62) and (10.82±4.80), respectively, with a decrease in stigmatization towards physiological development in the post-test (t=5.40, P < 0.01). Regarding sexual-related behaviors, the frequency of sexual-based bullying among rural girls was (5.12±2.13) before and (4.89±2.18) after, with a statistically significant difference (t=3.99, P < 0.01). The frequency and willingness of rural girls to discuss sexual topics with significant others both increased on post-test (pre-test: 8.45±2.62; post-test: 8.73±2.62) and (pre-test: 8.90±2.46, post-test: 9.16±2.46), with a statistically significant difference (t=-3.91, -4.03, P < 0.01). Text analysis revealed that "boys" "girls" and "menstruation" were the most concerned topics among the participants, and compared to before receiving sex education (69.91%), the proportion of negative emotions among rural girls decreased (18.59%).  Conclusion  Online sexuality education courses can improve the sexual knowledge of rural girls, reduce stigma and negative emotions towards sex, decrease the incidence of sexual-based bullying and increase the frequency and willingness to discuss sexual topics with parents, teachers, and peers.
Regional variations in physical activity among children and adolescents in China
PENG Li'ao, LIU Mingyi, JING Yan, KONG Nianxin, YIN Zikang, CAI Jingjie
2024, 45(9): 1290-1293. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024288
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  Objective  To understand the current situation and differences in physical activity among children and adolescents in different regions of China, so as to provide a scientific reference for promoting the level of overall physical activity promotion among children and adolescents in China.  Methods  From June to December 2023, the student satisfaction assessment questionnaire for the national children and adolescents' theme fitness activity "Run, Youth!" was conducted, which was administered via a combined online and offline questionnaire survey to explore 397 013 students participation in the "Run, Youth!" activity in 2023. Descriptive statistics, Logistic regression, and other approaches were utilized for data analysis.  Results  There were notable disparities in the rates of children and adolescents meeting the physical activity standards among northeast China, northwest China, north China, east China, central China and southwest China (10.27%, 11.79%, 9.32%, 8.48%, 8.81%, 7.30%) (χ2=33.48, P < 0.05). The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that rate of recommended level of physical activity among children in northwest China, boys, children aged 16-18, children in urban areas were relatively high (OR=1.12, 1.68, 0.60, 1.88, P < 0.05). After adjusting for confounding factors, the results of binary Logistic regression analysis showed that there was an interactive effect relationship between the interaction of region, age, gender, and urban-rural distribution and physical activity among children and adolescents (OR=0.51, P < 0.01). Based on gender analysis, weekly physical activity duration of boys in each region surpassed that of girls; based on age analysis, except for the central and southwestern regions, weekly physical activity duration of children and adolescents gradually increased with age in other regions; based on the proportion of urban and rural areas, weekly physical activity duration of children and adolescents in urban areas across all regions exceeded that in rural areas.  Conclusions  The attainment rate of sufficient physical activity among children and adolescents in northwest China is the highest, and the differences between regions are not significant. The participation and level of physical activity of male students in each region surpass those of females and the attainment rate of physical activity of physical activity of urban children and adolescents is higher than that of those in rural areas.
Longitudinal study on the associated factors of different types of precieved social support for vocational school students
LIU Hanqing, XU Shuqing, TANG Biaoqian, LI Yiyang, JIANG Hong, WANG Shumei
2024, 45(9): 1294-1299. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024266
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  Objective  To explore perceived social support levels of vocational school students and associated factors, so as to provide a basis for the fine-tuned construction of social support networks for vocational school students.  Methods  Adopting a combination of multi-stage cluster sampling and convenience sampling method, a sample of 11 767 vocational school students in Shanghai City and Jiangsu Province were selected to conduct two surveys (November 2021 and November 2022) by using a self-administered electronic questionnaire regarding personal, family, school information and the Child and Adolescent Social Support Scale (CASSS). Correlates were analyzed by generalized linear estimating equations (GEE).  Results  The total perceived social support scores in percentage at baseline and follow-up survey were (66.13±20.46) and (67.65±21.18). The results of GEE showed that in terms of personal characteristics, girls had higher emotional support and evaluative support scores than boys (B=0.60, 0.68, P < 0.05); extraversion, non-smoking, non-drinking, exercising ≥1 time per week, and better quality of sleep were positively correlated with the total score and the different types scores of precieved social support, and time spent on the Internet >2 h/d was negatively correlated with the total score and the different types scores of precieved social support (B=1.03-4.49, -4.04--0.58, P < 0.05). In terms of family characteristics, parents not in marriage and living with (external) grandparents were negatively correlated with the total score and different types scores of percieved social support, while family characteristics such as satisfaction with family income (average, satisfactory, very satisfactory) and parents' education level of junior high school and above were positively correlated with the total score and the different types scores of precieved social support (B=-1.34--0.37, 0.57-2.37, P < 0.05). In terms of school characteristics, without experience of bullying in school and the number of same-sex or opposite-sex friends >1 were positively correlated with the total score and different types scores of perceptual social support, and without serving as an officer of a student organization was negatively correlated with the total score and the different types scores of precieved social support (B=1.21-5.04, -2.00--0.76, P < 0.05).  Conclusions  The levels of overall and different types of precieved social support among vocational school students need to be improved. According to individual, family, and school related factors of precieved social support can help to target the improvement of students' precieved social support level.
Association between physical exercise, exercise motivation with mental health among vocational college students
TIAN Yong, WEN Zhen, MA Wenhan, HUANG Jingting, SUN Xinlong, LU Wenwen, ZHOU Fuyuan, ZHANG Lu
2024, 45(9): 1300-1303. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024279
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  Objective  To explore mental health status of vocational college students and its association with physical exercise and exercise motivation, so as to provide data support for the promotion of physical exercise, exercise motivation theory and the protection of mental health among vocational college students.  Methods  From June 2 to July 2, 2023, a convenience sampling method was used to select 1 763 college students from three vocational colleges in Sichuan, Chongqing, and Guizhou for the survey. Physical Activity Rating Scale (PARS-3), Motives for Physical Activities Measure-Revised (MPAM-R), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Flourishing Scale (FS) were used to assess physical exercise, exercise motivation, depressive symptoms and flourishing levels of vocational college students. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between physical exercise, exercise motivation, depression as the negative indicator of mental health and flourishing as the positive indicator of mental health.  Results  There were negative correlations between physical exercise, exercise motivation and their five factors with depression scores among vocational college students (r=-0.162--0.133, P < 0.01). Physical exercise, health motivation and pleasure motivation were positively correlated with flourishing and its eight factors among vocational college students (r=0.054-0.099, P < 0.05). Depression scores and flourishing scores varied significantly across students with different levels of physical exercise and exercise motivation (F=11.18-15.69, 2.80-16.05, P < 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that physical exercise, health motivation, and total exercise motivation scores were negatively correlated with depressive symptoms (β=-0.02, -0.11, -0.35), and physical exercise, health motivation, pleasure motivation, and total exercise motivation scores were positively correlated with flourishing (β=0.31, 0.32, 0.50, 0.30) (P < 0.05).  Conclusions  Physical exercise and exercise motivation are significantly associated with mental health of vocational college students. Enhancing physical exercise and increasing exercise motivation in aspects of health and pleasure can promote mental health of vocational college students.
Study of an assessment tool for risky road behavior tendencies among middle school students in western China and indicator weights
LI Yiyang, DENG Xiao, TANG Biaoqian, LIU Hanqing, CHEN Bohao, SUN Hui, HUANG Xiaona, DUAN Leilei, WANG Shumei
2024, 45(9): 1304-1308. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024289
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  Objective  To develop an assessment tool for risky road behavior tendencies among middle school students in western China, as well as to determine the relevant indices and their weights, so as to provide the reference for road safety prevention and control for middle school students in western China.  Methods  A Delphi study was employed to construct the assessment tool for risky road behavior tendencies among middle school students in western China. In August 2023, eighteen experts in related fields such as traffic safety, education, and healthcare were invited to achieve Delphi consensus. The final indices were initially selected based on the consulting results, followed by the determination of their individual and combined weights using the analytic hierarchy process.  Results  The finalized assessment tool comprised 3 primary indicators, 13 secondary indicators, and 100 tertiary indicators. The positivity coefficient of experts was 100%, accompanied by the authority coefficient 0.90. The mean importance scores for the three primary indicators varied from 4.67 to 4.78, while those for the 13 secondary indicators ranged from 4.22 to 4.89. The Kendall coefficient W was statistically significant at 0.32 (χ2=96.83, P < 0.05). The weights assigned to the three primary indicators were: ability (0.329 4), opportunity (0.337 3), and motivation (0.333 3). The secondary indicators with the top three highest combined weights were social influence (0.027 4), knowledge (0.027 3), and skills (0.026 7).  Conclusions  The assessment tool for risky road behavior tendencies among middle school students in western China demonstrates high expert consensus, with balanced weighting of primary and secondary indicators. Expanded use of the assessment tool would provide the data support for intervention work.
Association between maternal parenting stress and the trajectory of emotional and behavioral problems in preschool children
WU Jun, LI Ruoyu, ZHA Jinhong, ZHOU Yang, HUANG Yongling, WAN Yuhui
2024, 45(9): 1309-1313. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024263
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  Objective  To investige the association between maternal parenting stress and the trajectory of emotional and behavioral problems (EBPs) in preschool children, so as to provide a basis for promoting mental health of preschool children.  Methods  Using a stratified cluster random sampling and convenience sampling methods, a baseline survey was conducted in June 2021 among middle-class children at 36 kindergartens and their mothers, in three cities (Fuyang, Wuhu and Lu'an) in Anhui Province. The first follow-up survey was conducted in December 2021, then the follow-up survey was every 6 months for a total of three times, thus yielding 2 160 valid questionnaires. Latent class growth analysis (LCGA) was used to analyze the trajectory of preschool children's EBPs, and the association between maternal parenting stress and the development trajectory of preschool children's EBPs was analyzed with multiple Logistic regression models.  Results  The developmental trajectories of EBPs among preschool children were classified into three groups: low-risk group (79.6%), increasing risk group (2.3%) and moderate-risk group (18.1%). After controlling for relevant confounding factors, such as gender, children's daily video time, mothers' education, mothers' emotional symptoms (depression, stress, anxiety), family structure, with the low-risk group serving as the reference, maternal parenting stress was associated with elevated risk in both the moderate-risk and increasing risk groups of EBPs in preschool children [OR(95%CI)=1.06(1.05-1.06), 1.03(1.02-1.05), P < 0.05].  Conclusions  There is a group heterogeneity in EBPs among preschool children. Increased maternal parenting stress is a risk factor for the EBPs among preschool children. Providing targeted measures to alleviate maternal parenting stress is an important way to promote the healthy development of preschool children.
Longitudinal study on regulatory emotional self-efficacy and exercise presistence among college students
ZHANG Wen, HU Chang, HUANG Wenying, SONG Chao
2024, 45(9): 1314-1318. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024278
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  Objective  To explore the longitudinal relationship between regulatory emotional self-efficacy and the persistence of exercise, so as to provide a reference for promoting the development of exercise habits among college students.  Methods  Using a cluster random sampling method, one undergraduate institution was selected from each of Jiangxi, Hunan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Guangdong, Anhui, and Fujian provinces.A total of 2 576 college students were recruited.The Regulatory Emotional Self-efficacy Scale and Exercise Persistence Scale were distributed to college students through the questionnaire star platform.Three rounds of questionnaire surveys were completed in September 2023(T1), December 2023(T2), and March 2024(T3).Cross-lagged analysis was employed to explore the relationship between regulatory emotional self-efficacy and the persistence of college students'exercise.  Results  Repeated measures analysis of variance indicated that the main effects of regulatory emotional self-efficacy on time and gender were statistically significant (F=102.15, η2=0.07;F=34.80, η2=0.01), and the interaction effects between time and gender, as well as between time and academic stage, were also statistically significant (F=3.81, η2=0.00;F=25.54, η2=0.02)(P < 0.05).The main effect of exercise persistence on time was statistically significant (F=111.28, η2=0.05) and the interaction effect between time and academic stage was statistically significant (F=27.13, η2=0.02)(P < 0.01).Cross-lagged analysis revealed that regulatory emotional self-efficacy at T1 positively predicted exercise persistence at T2(β=0.068), and regulatory emotional self-efficacy at T2 positively predicted exercise persistence at T3(β=0.368)(P < 0.01).Prior exercise persistence positively predicted subsequent exercise persistence, with path coefficients of 0.298 and 0.240(P < 0.01).Exercise persistence at T1 negatively predicted regulatory emotional self-efficacy at T2(β=-0.068), and exercise persistence at T2 positively predicted regulatory emotional self-efficacy at T3(β=0.061)(P < 0.01).Prior regulatory emotional self-efficacy positively predicted subsequent regulatory emotional self-efficacy, with path coefficients of 0.271 and 0.639(P < 0.01).  Conclusions  There is a longitudinal causal relationship between regulatory emotional self-efficacy and college students'exercise persistence.In daily physical activities, the significant role of emotional factors in sports practices should be emphasized to promote exercise behaviors among college students.
Association of maternal emotional symptoms and parent-child relationship with emotional and behavioral problems in primary school students
ZHANG Ying, XU Huiqiong, LI Shuqin, LI Ruoyu, GAO Yue, WAN Yuhui
2024, 45(9): 1319-1323. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024262
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  Objective  To understand the association of maternal emotional symptoms and parent-child relationship with emotional and behavioral problems (EBPs) in primary school students, so as to provide a reference for the prevention of EBPs in primary school students.  Methods  In May 2023, a convenient cluster sampling method was used to select 1 324 students from two primary schools in Hefei City, Anhui Province as the study subjects.The Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7(GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Family Adaptation and Cohesion Evaluation ScalesⅡ(FACES Ⅱ), and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) of parental version were used to investigate maternal emotional symptoms, parent-child relationship, and EBPs of primary school students, respectively.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis model was used to analyze the association of different maternal emotional symptoms and parent-child relationship with EBPs of primary school students.  Results  The abnormal detection rates of emotional symptoms, conduct problems, hyperactivity disorder, peer problems, prosocial behavior and total difficulties in primary school students were 13.6%, 19.4%, 20.2%, 36.5%, 20.9% and 51.9%, respectively.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the detection rates of EBPs in primary school students whose mothers had anxiety and depression symptoms with low level of parent-child relationship increased (OR=1.52-6.97, P < 0.01).The combined effect of mothers who had anxiety and depression symptoms with low level of parent-child relationship increased the risk of EBPs in all dimensions of primary school students (OR=4.07-10.14, P < 0.01).After gender stratification, the combined effect of mothers who had anxiety and depression symptoms with low level of parent-child relationship increased the risk of EBPs in all dimensions of boys and girls (OR=3.71-10.95, P < 0.01).  Conclusions  Maternal emotional symptoms and parent-child relationship are associated with EBPs in primary school students.Reducing maternal anxiety and depression symptoms, and improving parent-child relationship are beneficial to reduce the incidence of EBPs problems in primary school students.
Relationship of self-injurious behavior with peer discrimination and depression among AIDS orphans
ZHANG Yifan, KONG Beibei, YANG Meng
2024, 45(9): 1324-1327. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024270
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  Objective  To explore the relationship of self-injurious behavior with peer discrimination and depression among AIDS orphans, so as to provide the basis for promoting the mental health of AIDS orphans.  Methods  From March 2021 to March 2022, 626 AIDS orphans from 5 counties in Henan Province were selected by stratified cluster random sampling methods.Non-suicidal Self-injury-assessment Tool, Discrimination Experience Scale, and Zung Self-rating Depression Scale were used to investigate AIDS orphans'self-injurious behavior, peer discrimination and depression.Multivariate Logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between self-injurious behavior and peer discrimination of AIDS orphans.Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to explore the moderating effect of depression between self-injurious behavior and peer discrimination of AIDS orphans.  Results  The detection rates of self-injurious behavior, peer discrimination and depression of AIDS orphans were 80.0%, 73.3% and 67.6% respectively.The detection rates of the three items mentioned above were 86.9%, 81.5%, and 77.5% for double orphaned children, respectively, which were higher than 74.6%, 67.0%, and 59.8% for single orphaned children, and the differences were statistically significant (χ2=21.29, 23.78, 14.23, P < 0.01).The score of self-injurious behavior of AIDS orphans was positively correlated with peer discrimination and depression (r=0.55, 0.40, P < 0.01).Depression played a moderating role in the relationship between self-injurious behavior and peer discrimination of AIDS orphans (β=0.03, P < 0.05).  Conclusions  AIDS orphans are more likely to engage in self-injurious behaviors after experiencing peer discrimination and psychological depression.The society and schools should adopt targeted intervention strategies to promote the mental health among AIDS orphans.
Analysis of social-ecological factors influencing the development of fundamental motor skills among overweight and obese children
LIANG Wei, HE Yuxiu, SU Ning, CAI Wenfei, JING Biao, ZHOU Lin
2024, 45(9): 1328-1333. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024287
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  Objective  To identify the social-ecological factors of individual, family, and physical environments for affecting the development of fundamental motor skills (FMS) among overweight and obese children, so as to provide a basis for the future intervention design and policy-making.  Methods  From March to April 2022, one public primary school was recruited from each of the 4 main urban areas in Shijiazhuang, and a total of 425 children in schools were recruited for data collection including individual, family, physical environmental factors, by using a stratified cluster random sampling approach.Test of Gross Motor Development-Third Edition (TGMD-3) was used to evaluate children's FMS.Hierarchical linear regression model was employed to analysis the associations between the 18 factors for individual, family, and physical environments, and the FMS of overweight and obese children.  Results  Individual level including the child's age, gender and sleep duration, and family level including high family economic level, parental support for physical activity, and the physical activity environment surrounding the family and community were consistent predictors of movement skills (B=0.422, -1.972, 0.014, 0.045, 1.042, 0.827, 1.898), ball skills (B=0.858, 3.953, 0.013, 0.092, 2.141, 1.173, 1.954), and composite skills (B=1.305, 1.915, 0.028, 0.142, 3.091, 1.962, 3.879) among overweight and obese children (P < 0.05).Furthermore, child's body mass index (BMI), moderate to vigorous physical activity, perceived motor competence, pleasure of exercise, as well as BMI and physical activity levels of their primary caregiver, were associated with different types of FMS (P < 0.05).Individual, family, and physical environmental factors had moderate to high predictive explanatory power for FMS among overweight and obese children (f2=0.69, 0.75, 0.93, P < 0.01).  Conclusions  The factors influencing the development of FMS in overweight and obese children are multifaceted, with individual, family, and physical environment factors all playing significant roles.Corresponding measures should be actively taken to improve FMS in overweight and obese children.
Characteristics of 24 h activity behaviors in students with different body mass index for vocational colleges during semesters and vacations
WANG Haibo, FENG Wei, LIU Chao
2024, 45(9): 1334-1339. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024264
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  Objective  To explore the characteristics of the patterns and differences in the time of 24 h activity behavior components among vocational college students with different body mass index (BMI) during semester and vacation, so as to provide the reference for optimizing the scientific development of healthy lifestyle in adolescents.  Methods  From November to December 2022, a total of 162 freshman students from a vocational college in Wuxi were selected by random sampling.Based on gender and BMI, the subjects were divided into six groups: underweight, normal weight, and overweight and obese.In January, April, July and October 2023, a MIO smart heart rate wristband, weekly questionnaire and Bouchard physical activity diary were used to track the time of 24 h activity behavior components[physical activity (PA), sedentary activity (SB), moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sleep behavior (SLP)]over one week.Repeated measurement analysis of variance was used to compare the inter group differences in these activity behavior components between male and female students.  Results  The analysis of variance of repeated measurements showed that there were statistically significant main effects for group (gender) on PA, MVPA, SB, and sleep time (Fboys=241.62, 253.69, 210.66, 20.09;Fgirls=316.36, 286.41, 277.37, 7.68), as well as significant main effects for time (Fboys=342.72, 234.54, 77.77, 42.80;Fgirls=569.74, 155.14, 95.13, 52.67)(P < 0.01).Additionally, there was a statistically significant interaction effect between group and time (Fboys=16.63, 11.25, 8.91, 4.01;Fgirls=69.49, 10.69, 18.22, 3.89)(P < 0.01).After inspection, the comparison of different BMI at each month showed that PA, MVPA time of male and female students in the normal weight group was longer than that of overweight and obesity group, and SB time in overweight and obesity group were longer than that of normal group, with statistical significances (P < 0.05).Except for October in boys and April in girls, where sleep time was longer in the normal weight group, the overweight and obesity group had longer sleep time in other months than the normal weight group, and statistically significant differences were observed only in January and July (P < 0.05).Comparison across different month within different BMI groups showed that the time of PA, MVPA initially increased, then decreased, and increased again over the year (Fboys=39.56-386.68, Fgirls=38.97-637.54), while SB and SLP time initially decreased, then increased and decreased again (Fboys=6.79-69.25, Fgirls=6.70-162.86), and the difference between semester (April and October) and holiday (January and July) were statistically significances (P < 0.01).  Conclusions  The time of 24 h activity behavior components of vocational college students is obviously different among different BMI groups and between semester and vacation.Tailored intervention measures should be formulated for both semesters and vacations based on the characteristics of vocational college students for promoting students to develop a good lifestyle.
Relationship between processed food consumption and blood pressure of students in a university in Yunnan Province
LIU Yueqin, YANG Jieru, DENG Feifei, XU Zhen, ZI Chengyuan, KONG Jing, XUE Yanfeng, WANG Yuan, WU Huijuan, XU Honglü
2024, 45(9): 1340-1344. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024261
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  Objective  To explore the relationship between processed food consumption and blood pressure level of students in a university in Yunnan Province, so as to provide the reference for preventing hypertension in university students.  Methods  In October 2021, a cluster sampling method was used to select 4 781 freshmen from a university in Kunming, Yunnan Province.The frequency of processed food consumption of university students was assessed by using the dietary frequency questionnaire, and height, weight and blood pressure were measured.Mann-Whitney test and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to compare the differences in blood pressure level of university students with different demographic variables, and the association between processed food consumption and blood pressure level was analyzed with a generalized linear model.  Results  Among the students of a university in Yunnan Province, the detection rates of systolic prehypertension and hypertension were 33.86% and 1.23%, and the detection rates of diastolic prehypertension were 32.13% and hypertension 7.22%.The results of generalized linear model analysis showed that after controlling for demographic variables and other variables that might affect the blood pressure level of university students, the consumption of processed food (bread and cake: β=0.15, 95%CI=0.01-0.29) and ultra-processed food (coffee beverage: β=-0.29, 95%CI=-0.54-0.03) were associated with systolic blood pressure level (P < 0.05).The consumption of processed food (salted duck egg: β=0.21, 95%CI=0.01-0.41) was correlated with the diastolic blood pressure of college students (P < 0.05).  Conclusions  Processed food consumption in university students may increase the risk of high blood pressure.The education of healthy eating among college students should be strengthened to reduce the consumption of processed foods.
Association between parental myopia and extracurricular activities before school age with myopia among lower grade students in 6 provinces and cities in China
LIU Zhihao, ZHANG Jingshu, SUN Bingjie, XIA Zhiwei, QIN Ran, GUO Xin
2024, 45(9): 1345-1348. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024275
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  Objective  To explore the association between parental myopia and extracurricular activities before school age with myopia among lower grade students, so as to provide evidence for myopia prevention on low grade students.  Methods  From November 2020 to June 2022, a total of 8 368 students of grade 1-3 were selected from Beijing, Liaoning, Zhejiang, Henan, Chongqing, Shaanxi Province by the stratified cluster random sampling and probability sampling methods, and were administered with a questionnaire survey and eye examinations.Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between parental myopia and extracurricular activities before school age with myopia among lower grade students.  Results  The prevalence of myopia in grade 1-3 was 23.7% in 6 provinces in China.Students who in central area, grade 3, boarding at school, doing homework/reading/writing time ≥1 h/d after school, extracurricular activities ≥1 h in the past week, extracurricular activities before school age, parental myopia, poor reading and writing posture, sleeping time < 10 h/d, less exercise time because of homework or extracurricular activities, having annual vision examination had a higher myopia detection rate, with statistically significant differences (χ2=36.41, 487.72, 15.97, 21.35, 43.95, 15.33, 54.04, 6.67, 3.88, 20.02, 20.06, P < 0.05).After adjusted for the confounding factors, there was a significant interaction between parental myopia and extracurricular activities before school age with myopia (Pinteraction < 0.01).After adjusting for confounding factors, Logistic regression analysis showed that those having extracurricular activities before school age had a higher risk of myopia (OR=1.33, 95%CI=1.19-1.56), compared with those who did not.Compared with children without nearsighted parents, children with nearsighted parents had higher prevalence of myopia (OR=1.64, 95%CI=1.45-1.84)(P < 0.05);and the values of indicators (RERI, API, Index S) for interaction between parental myopia and extracurricular activities before school age were 0.35, 0.27, 1.37, respectively.  Conclusion  Both parental myopia and extracurricular activities before school age are associated with myopia among lower grade students, with interactive effects.
Analysis of the related factors of pertussis incidence among children in Shapingba District, Chongqing
HU Qian, SUN Shiheng, HUANG Ziquan, FENG Shurong, XU Qian, YANG Lianjian, ZHI Qian
2024, 45(9): 1349-1353. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024282
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Abstract:
  Objective  To identify related factors for pertussis among children in Shapingba District, Chongqing, so as to provide a scientific basis for optimizing pertussis epidemic prevention and control measures.  Methods  From January to May 2024, newly diagnosed cases of pertussis in hospitals within the jurisdiction of Shapingba District, Chongqing were selected as the case group, and the cases of control group were selected according to the 1:1 matching principle (living on the same street as the case, of the same gender as the case, and with an age difference of no more than 1 year).A total of 200 children in the case group and 200 children in the control were included, and a self-designed pertussis questionnaire for children aged 0-12 years was used for investigation.A conditional Logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of pertussis incidence.  Results  Multivariate conditional Logistic analysis showed that family members smoking, children coming into contact with people with cough symptoms 21 d before the onset of the disease, and caregivers visiting densely populated areas 21 d before the onset of the disease had a higher risk of pertussis in children[OR(95%CI)=1.97(1.00-3.86), 11.23(5.27-23.95), 9.57(3.16-28.99)], and larger residential areas (100-150, >150 m2) and children washing their hands after going out and returning home had a lower risk of pertussis in children[OR(95%CI)=0.57(0.21-0.96), 0.38(0.18-0.74), 0.13(0.02-0.61)](P < 0.05).  Conclusions  The incidence of pertussis in children in Shapingba District, Chongqing is mainly affected by exposure, living area, and hand hygiene before the onset of the disease.Therefore, health education on non-specific public health measures such as hand hygiene, wearing masks, frequent ventilation and reducing access to densely populated places should be strengthened to reduce the incidence of pertussis in children.
Assessment of the health situation of daily learning time for elementary school students in the context of Double Reduction policy
YANG Haoran, LI Jin, LIU Kaiqi, TU Ying, LI Suyun, YANG Xiao, LEI Suwen, LI Jing
2024, 45(9): 1354-1358. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024260
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Abstract:
  Objective  To investigate the daily learning time status of elementary school students and understand the implementation of Health Requirements of Daily Learning Time for Secondary and Elementary School Students (GB/T 17223-2012) in schools, so as to provide a reference for strengthening and improving school health and health education in the new era.  Methods  A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 7 776 primary school students in Shandong Province, and a survey questionnaire was designed based on the Health Requirements for Dayily Learning Time for Secondary and Elementary School Students (GB/T 17223-2012) standard to investigate their daily learning arrangements, sleep and physical activities, and breaks between classes.Comparison of intergroup differences were used by Chi-square test and Kruskal-Wallis H test.  Results  About 55.88% of primary school students for daily learning time met the standard.There was a statistically significant difference in the daily learning time achievement rate among primary school students in three grades for first and second grade, third and fourth grade and fifth and sixth grade (Z=1 629.47, P < 0.01), and the fifth and sixth grade had the highest proportion of achieving the standard (85.92%).Specifically, the proportions of students whose class hours, class numbers and morning reading time meeting the standards were 30.07%, 10.20% and 42.19%, respectively.The sleep deficiency rate of primary school studnets was 58.69%, and the physical activity deficiency rate was 65.78%;and there was a statistically significant difference in the rate of insufficient sleep time and physical activity time among primary school students of different grades (χ2=56.39, 95.95, P < 0.01), with sixth-grade students showing the highest rates for both sleep and physical activity deficiencies (64.35%, 73.37%).Additionally, 49.78% of students had recess time below the standard requirements.  Conclusion  The health status of daily learning time among primary school students in Shandong Province is poor, with insufficient implementation of school standards, and the implementation of standards needs to be further strengthened.
Research progress on intervention models for adolescent tobacco control
SU Qi, QI Mingxin, BI Mengmeng, JIA Xiaokai, LIU Shiwei
2024, 45(9): 1359-1363. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024280
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Abstract:
Tobacco use is not only harmful to adolescents'physical and mental health, but is also closely related to future adults'smoking prevalence, and interventions can delay the age at which adolescents take their first puff as much as possible.The article summarizes and analyzes the effectiveness of tobacco control interventions based on schools, communities or families, and a combination of multiple venues.It compares the characteristics of offline, online, and a combination of offline and online tobacco control interventions for adolescents, so as to provide references for the design and implementation of adolescent tobacco control interventions, and the effective, sustainable, and replicable adolescent tobacco control intervention models.
Advances in biomarkers of transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics and childhood obesity
XIA Zhiwei, SHEN Shi, WANG Lu, SUN Bingjie, YIN Jiyong, HUO Junsheng, GUO Xin
2024, 45(9): 1364-1368. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024281
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Abstract:
Biomarkers could improve the understanding of the causes of obesity and its association with chronic diseases for people.The purpose of the review is to summarize recent advances in transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic phenotypic biomarkers of obesity in order to deepen the understanding of the etiology of obesity and its metabolic consequences.In the precise prevention and control of childhood obesity, different groups of biomarkers can improve the accuracy of the word "obesity" and help early detection of specific biomarkers with risk characteristics, so as to realize the transformation of childhood obesity from a one-size-fits-all prevention and control strategy to a personalized prevention and control plan during the development of obesity.

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