2021 Vol. 42, No. 1

Display Method:
Promotion of mental health services in school from evidence, theory to action
TAO Fangbiao
2021, 42(1): 1-4, 9. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.01.001
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Children and adolescents mental health problems born a heavier burden of disease worldwide, and mental disorders begin at earlier age. The capacity and utilization of school mental health need to be improved. Therefore, we need to transfer the latest research evidence into policies, and further put into actions. School mental health services driven by theroies including staging approach and life course approach, will help to pursue the value of mentl health promotion and social well-being, eventually become an important part of Healthy China initiative.
Bringing together physical and mental health and promoting positive youth development in China
YIN Xiaojian, ZENG Zhuping
2021, 42(1): 5-9. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.01.002
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The overall development of adolescents is important for achieving the long-range goals for 2035 and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Since "physical and mental health" is fundamental for individual comprehensive development, it is necessary to pay attention to the physical and mental health of adolescents to promote their overall development. As far as the current situation is concerned, the development of the physical and mental health of Chinese adolescents shows positive improvement but still faces many challenges. The outbreak and spread of COVID-19 has changed the lifestyle, learning habits and social interactions of adolescents to a great extent, exerting negative impacts on physical and mental development. In the context of the normalization of epidemic prevention and control, it is necessary to further investigate the association between physical fitness with mental health, and to explore the various factors influencing this relationship. It is of great value to understand the importance of physical and mental health promotion of adolescents under the new conditions, in the maintenance and improvement of overall youth development at present and in the future.
Cross-country orienteering: interventions for the prevention and control of myopia among children and adolescents
LIU Yang, CUI Gang, SONG Yang, CHEN Chao, LI Xuening, LI Zhihong
2021, 42(1): 10-12. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.01.003
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The visual health of children and adolescents in China has become a major issue that is relevant to the nation's present and its future. This article analyzed the value of map reading and searching for specific features during orienteering projects for myopia prevention and control. The findings suggest that orienteering exercises show good regulatory effects on eye muscles, effectively improve concentration, and help to stimulate mental activity and visual system. Targeted exercises, including scanning maps for specific features, is beneficial for myopia prevention and control. It is proposed that, by changing the teaching style of cross-country orienteering, teaching space, and teaching scene, exercises can be tailored to treat and relieve eye strain, as well as to prevent and control myopia, which is essential to promote the visual health of children and adolescents.
Correlation between dietary behavior and mental sub-health among Chinese adolescents
ZHOU Meizhu, WU Huipan, ZHANG Ting, YIN Xiaojian, CAO Junfang
2021, 42(1): 13-17. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.01.004
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  Objective  To determine the relationship between mental sub-health and dietary behavior among Chinese adolescents, and to provide a scientific basis for improving adolescent mental sub-health through healthy dietary behavior.  Methods  A total of 16 545 adolescents aged 13 to 22 years were sampled by random cluster sampling method in six administrative regions of China. A questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate adolescents' dietary behaviors and mental sub-health status.  Results  The proportion of boys consuming breakfast, snacks, carbonated drinks, vegetables, fish and dairy products was 76.2%, 20.2%, 19.0%, 78.4%, 52.4% and 59.2%, respectively, while the proportion of girls was 79.2%, 28.6%, 12.6%, 78.3%, 43.2% and 54.9%, respectively. Except for the "vegetable" option, dietary behaviors showed significant sex differences(χ2=20.79, 320.10, 229.06, 150.27, 32.21, P < 0.01). In terms of mental sub-health, the detection rates of male adolescents' mental sub-health status, behavioral sub-health and social sub-health were 20.7%, 26.0% and 17.2%, respectively, while those of female adolescents were 18.6%, 24.1% and 14.8%, respectively. The differences between boys and girls were statistically significant (χ2=17.32, 7.66, 17.46, P < 0.01). Controlling for age and gender, breakfast "normally eating" and "occasionally eat", vegetables "normally eating" and "occasionally eat", fish "normally eating" and "occasionally eat", milk, dairy products "normally drink" and "occasional drink", was negatively associated with teenagers' psychological sub-health (OR=0.60, 0.73;0.50, 0.65;0.74, 0.77;0.73, 0.69, P < 0.05).  Conclusion  Healthy dietary behavior could be protective to avoid adolescent mental sub-health.Nutritional lectures and guideline books are needed among students and their parents.Nutritionists are encouraged to provide healthy nutritional advice to school canteen.
Correlation between physical fitness index and mental sub-health among Chinese adolescents
CHEN Jun, WU Huipan, LIU Yuan, CHEN Qi, LI Yuqiang, YIN Xiaojian, CAO Junfang
2021, 42(1): 18-22. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.01.005
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  Objective  To investigate the association between mental sub-health and physical fitness of Chinese adolescents, to provide a reference for promoting the physical and mental health of Chinese adolescents.  Methods  A total of 16 545 adolescents (13-22 years) were selected by random cluster sampling in six major administrative regions in China. The psychological part of the Multidimensional Sub-health Questionnaire of Adolescents (MSQA) and the physical fitness index test were used to assess mental sub-health and physical fitness, respectively. The chi-square test and Logistic regression analysis were used to analyze and compare the relationships between different levels of physical fitness and mental sub-health.  Results  The overall detection rate of mental sub-health status among high-grade physical fitness index adolescents was 11.9%, and the detection rate among low-grade physical fitness index youths was 26.0%, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=970.73, P < 0.05). The overall detection rate among high-grade physical fitness index boys was 11.1%, and that of low-grade physical fitness index boys was 24.4%. The difference was statistically significant (χ2=566.12, P < 0.05). The overall detection rate of mental sub-health status among high-level physical fitness index girls was 12.8%, and that among low-level physical fitness index girls was 27.6%, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=412.25, P < 0.05). After adjusting for gender, age, BMI, and region in the Logistic regression model, the detection rate of mental sub-health status of adolescents with low-grade physical fitness index was 2.35 times higher than that of high-grade physical fitness index adolescents(95%CI=2.12-2.61).  Conclusion  Adolescents with poor physical fitness have a higher risk of mental sub-health.Attention should be paid to adolescent physical fitness development to comprehensively improve physical and mental health development.
Correlation between physical exercise, screen time and mental sub-health among Chinese adolescents
ZENG Zhuping, WU Huipan, BI Cunjian, ZHENG Donghua, CHEN Qi, YIN Xiaojian, CAO Junfang
2021, 42(1): 23-27. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.01.006
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  Objective  To understand the relationships between video time, exercise time and the mental sub-health of Chinese adolescents, and to assist the development of Chinese adolescents' mental health.  Methods  In this study, 16 545 adolescents aged 13-22 years in six administrative regions of China were surveyed using an adolescent sub-health multi-dimensional assessment questionnaire (MSQA), and daily physical exercise time, video screen time and other indicators were recorded. Binary Logistic regression analysis was used to understand adolescents' mental sub-health and the correlation between video time and exercise time.  Results  Detection rate of mental sub-health status in adolescents with video time ≤2 h/d was lower than that of adolescents with video time >2 h/d(19.1%, 22.1%), and the detection rate of adolescents with exercise time ≤60 min/d(22.1%, 17.7%) was higher than that of adolescents with exercise time >60 min/d. These differences were statistically significant (χ2=14.47, 6.97, P < 0.05). Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of mental sub-health status for Chinese adolescents whose screen time was more than 2 h/d was 1.20 times that of those with screen time ≤2 h/d, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.01). The risk of mental sub-health for students whose exercise time was > 60 min/d was 0.86 times that of students who exercised ≤ 60 min/d, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05).  Conclusion  Screen time >2 h/d and exercise time < 60 min/d were negative factors leading to mental sub-health symptoms in Chinese adolescents.It is proposed to jointly promote the healthy adolescent development through health education, as well as positive family and social environment.
Correlation between nutritional status and mental sub-health among Chinese adolescents
MA Yuanyuan, WU Huipan, YIN Xiaojian, CHEN Jun, CAO Junfang
2021, 42(1): 28-31. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.01.007
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  Objective  To explore the correlation between different nutritional status and mental sub-health of Chinese adolescents, and provide reference for improving the physical and mental health of Chinese adolescents.  Methods  A total of 16 545 adolescents (13-22 years old) were selected by random overall sampling method in six major administrative regions in China.The psychological part of the Multidimensional Sub-health Questionnaire of Adolescents (MSQA) was used for mental sub-health test.Chi-square test and Logistic regression analysis were used to analyze and compare the relationship between different nutritional status and mental sub-health.  Results  The overall detection rate of mental sub-health status in the adolescents with normal BMI group was 18.5%, while those in the lean, overweight and obese groups were 22.3%, 38.7%, and 44.7%, respectively, which were significantly different from those in the normal BMI group(χ2=478.68, P < 0.05).After adjusted for gender and age, the Logistic regression model showed that compared with those with normal BMI, those who were thin (OR=1.19, 95%CI=1.09-1.30), overweight (OR=2.76, 95%CI=2.47-3.09) and obese(OR=3.43, 95%CI=2.83-4.15) had increased risk of mental sub-health.  Conclusion  The nutritional status of Chinese adolescents in significantly related to mental sub-heatlh, hose who are underweight, overweight and obese have significantly higher risks of mental sub-health than those who are normal.Improvement of nutritional status of adolescents is beneficial to healthy adolescent development.
Study on iodine nutrition and related influencing factors of children aged 8-10 in Wuhan
CHEN Fang, WU Kai, YANG Yan, XU Mingxing
2021, 42(1): 32-36. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.01.008
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  Objective  To understand the status of iodine nutrition and its related influencing factors of school-age children in Wuhan, so as to provide the basis for adjusting the strategies of IDD prevention and control.  Methods  In 5 districts of Wuhan (Hongshan, Hanyang, Hannan, Jiangxia, Dongxihu), non-boarding students aged 8-10 years old were selected from each of the five sample areas in the east, west, south, north and middle. Samples of urine and the cooking salt from their home were randornly colleted among children. Height, weight measurement and a self-administered questionnaire were conducted at the same time. A total of 942 valid questionnaires were collected, including 484 boys and 458 girls.  Results  The median of iodine content of children's household salt was 23.20 mg/kg, the median of urinary iodine of children in the city was 251.00 μg/L. Children's random urine iodine concentration was related to gender, whether kelp was consumed the day before the survey, the frequency of consuming milk, and whether they received radiological examinations(P < 0.05). Male (OR=1.38, 95%CI=1.04-1.82), consumption of kelp the day before the survey (OR=1.67, 95%CI=1.13-2.47) and radiological examination (OR=1.26, 95%CI=1.05-1.52) were risk factors for children with urinary iodine concentration higher than the upper limit of the appropriate value(P < 0.05). The awareness rate of children's iodine deficiency disease prevention knowledge in Wuhan was 69.64%.  Conclusion  The iodine nutritional status of children aged 8-10 years in Wuhan was higher than the appropriate level recommended by international organizations. The random urine iodine concentration of children was affected by many factors and the awareness rate of children's iodine deficiency disease knowledge in Wuhan was low. Therefore, health education for children and residents on iodine deficiency disorders should be strengthened, and they should be properly guided and intervened to ensure that iodine deficiency is prevented while iodine excess is avoided.
Picky eating behavior and its association with health status among school-age children in Wuhan
SHAO Lijing, XIANG Bing, HE Qiuping, CAI Li, YANG Mei, ZENG Jing
2021, 42(1): 37-40. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.01.009
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  Objective  To investigate the picky eating behavior among school-age children and to analyze its association with their health status, providing scientific basis for health promotion of school-age children in China.  Methods  A total of 796 students of grade 3 to grade 6 from two primary schools in Hongshan, Wuhan were selected through cluster sampling. Statistical analysis was conducted according to the results of the 3-day food record and questionnaire survey on children and their caregivers.  Results  In the current study, 40.58% of the children had picky eating problems, the incidence of picky eating behaviors of migrant children was higher than that of local children(χ2=3.92, P < 0.05). Most of the picky eaters(23.87%) tended to reject vegetables. Compared to the others, picky eaters had lower intake of vitamin B2 [(0.49±0.01)(0.46±0.01)mg] and vitamin C [(57.35±0.76)(54.32±0.90)mg] (t=2.03, 2.57, P < 0.05) and had a higher risk of stunting(OR=1.42, P < 0.05).  Conclusion  Picky eating behaviors are common among school-age children, which is significantly associated with stunting. Nutritional education for children (especially migrant children) are urgently needed to improve their dietary structure and promote healthy growth and development.
Research in physical exercise among rural adolescents based on the theory of planned behavior in Sichuan Province
ZHANG Qiang, YAN Mingxia, TANG Chengmeng, LAI Shimin, SONG Shasha, ZHOU Junmin, YANG Yang, LIU Qiaolan
2021, 42(1): 41-45. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.01.010
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  Objective  To verify the applicability of the theory of planned behavior(TPB) in the physical exercise behaviors of rural adolescents in Sichuan Province, and to explore the possible influencing factors of physical exercise behaviors, and to provide a theoretical basis for further effective intervention measures.  Methods  A total of 2 302 students were selected from grade seven and grade ten of two rural middle schools in Zizhong, Sichuan Province. The survey was conducted with a structured questionnaire. Using TPB as the research framework and basis, the structural equation model was constructed for analysis.  Results  Lack of physical exercise was 1 527(66.3%).Physical exercise behavior was statistically different among schools, grades(t=-7.40, -2.90, 10.90, P < 0.05), and genders. Based on TPB, the structural equation model was established and corrected to obtain the revised model, and the fitting index GFI=0.93, CFI=0.94, NFI=0.94, TLI=0.93, IFI=0.94, RMSEA=0.07, indicating the model fitted good. Exercise intention directly affected exercise behaviors. The standardized effect was 0.45(95%CI=0.39-0.52). Subjective norms and perceived power were the main two mediators of the relationship between value evaluation and exercise intention. The standardized effect values were 0.66(95%CI=0.57-0.73), 0.23(95%CI=0.16-0.93)(P < 0.01).  Conclusion  There is serious lack of physical exercise in rural adolescents in Sichuan Province. TPB has a good applicability for physical exercise in rural adolescents in Sichuan Province. Subjective norm is the most important factors to promote exercise intentions.
Impact of intergenerational care on child physical health in China
WANG Hongying, LI Sheng, LIU Yingyan, WANG Ziqi
2021, 42(1): 46-49. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.01.011
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  Objective  To analyze the impact of intergenerational care on child physical health, so as to provide references for promoting the overall development of children's health.  Methods  Based on the 2016 national data of the Chinese Family Tracking Survey, descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis H test and OLS regression analysis were used to explore the relationship between health status of 4 226 children aged 0-14 and intergenerational care.  Results  OLS regression analysis showed that intergenerational care had a significant impact on physical health of preschool children (t=-2.11, P=0.04), but had no significant impact on the health of school-age children (t=-0.58, P=0.56). Annual family income, family population size, age and gender of caregivers had a significant impact on the health of preschool children (P < 0.05).The self-rated health of caregivers and whether children participated in medical insurance had a significant impact on the health of all children (P < 0.01).  Conclusion  Intergenerational care has a significant impact on the health status of preschool children, but has no impact on the health status of school age children. Attention should be paid to the health of caregivers, medical insurance condition and the impact of physical exercise on children's health, as well as the health literacy improvement of child caregivers, and children's medical insurance and welfare.
Evaluation on the effect of diversified health education in promoting college students' physical exercise behavior
GUO Lingyun, WU Fengbin
2021, 42(1): 50-53, 57. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.01.012
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  Objective  To explore the influence of WeChat-led diversified health education on college students' physical exercise behavior and self-body image.  Methods  The cluster stratified sampling method was adopted to select 276 students from Changzhou College of Information Technology in March 2019. According to the random number table method, they were divided into 145 cases in the treatment group and 131 cases in the control group. The control group was given regular physical exercise education, and the treatment group jointly applied diversified physical exercise health education based on WeChat. Three months later, the physical exercise behavior and self-body image of the two groups of college students were compared.  Results  The college students in the treatment group regularly participated in physical exercise (79.31%), exercise frequency ≥3 times/week(70.34%), exercise time ≥30 min/time(64.60%), and each exercise intensity medium and above(73.10%), monthly exercise cost 100-300 yuan/month(49.66%), which were significantly higher than the control group (62.60%, 54.20%, 51.15%, 61.07%, 36.64%), monthly exercise cost < 100 yuan(33.79%), sports injury (47.59%) were significantly lower than the control group (49.62%, 59.54%), the difference were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Appearance evaluation score (3.87±0.32), appearance attitude score (3.92±0.28), physical fitness attitude score (3.80±0.33), health evaluation score (3.78±0.24), disease attitude score (3.54±0.42), body part satisfaction score (3.61±0.38) and overweight worry score (3.14±0.45) were significantly higher than those of the control group (3.54±0.36, 3.60±0.34, 3.56±0.42, 3.51±0.31, 3.01±0.36, 3.32±0.41, 2.78±0.35), the difference was statistically significant (t=8.06, 8.57, 5.30, 8.13, 11.15, 6.10, 7.36, P < 0.05).  Conclusion  Diversified health education based on WeChat is helpful to promote the development of college students' physical exercise behavior, and has positive application value for improving self-body image.
Relationship between breakfast eating frequency and health-risk behavior of high school students in Chongqing
HU Chunmei, NIU Liqiong, HE Lingling
2021, 42(1): 54-57. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.01.013
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  Objective  To investigate the relationship between breakfast eating frequency and health-risk behavior of high school students in Chongqing, and provide a reference for conducting students to get a good habit of eating breakfast everyday.  Methods  A total of 3 283 high school students in Chongqing were selected to participate in a questionnarie by using convenience sampling method. Logistic regression analysis were condueted to analyze the influences made by the unhealty eating behaviors on eating frequency of breakfast.  Results  There were 2 064(69.2%) students eating breakfast everyday, 1 219(37.1%) students having no breakfast or eating breakfast sometimes. There were significant differences between different gender, grade, native place, drinking energy drink, smoking, drinking alcohol, gambling, internet addiction students' rate of unhealthy breakfast eating frequency(χ2=6.80, 53.97, 8.10, 23.79, 7.89, 16.31, 3.93, 17.96, P < 0.05), the males' (36.1%) was beyond the females'(33.3%), the energy drink drinkers'(41.2%) was beyond the non-drinkers'(31.7%), the smokers' (40.9%) was beyond the non-smokers'(34.4%), the alcohol drinkers'(40.3%) was beyond the non-drinkers'(33.3%), the gamblers'(39.7%) was beyond the non-gamblers'(34.3%), those having internet addictions' (40.0%) was beyond those having no addictions' (33.0%). Drinking energy drink(OR=1.32, 95%CI=1.12-1.55), drinking alcohol(OR=1.24, 95%CI=1.02-1.51), internet addiction(OR=1.42, 95%CI=1.19-1.68) were positively correlated with unhealthy breakfast eating frequency of high school students(P < 0.05).  Conclusion  Social, families and schools should strengthen the guidance of high school students to develop the habit of eating breakfast every day, and advoid the clustering of skipping breakfast and health-risk behaviors.
Electronic cigarette use and associated factors among middle school students in Zhengzhou
MENG Jie, MENG Fanjun, DAI Changshun
2021, 42(1): 58-60. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.01.014
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  Objective  To understand the status of e-cigarette use among junior high school students in Zhengzhou City and its associated factors, and to provide support for tobacco control intervention for junior high school students.  Methods  From March to May 2019 in Zhengzhou, a stratified cluster random sampling method was used to investigate 3 624 junior high school students using a self-made e-cigarette questionnaire, including demographic information, attitudes towards e-cigarettes, usage behavior, smoking behaviors of parents and friends.  Results  The usage rate of e-cigarettes for junior high school students in Zhengzhou was 5.5%, parents and 51.5% of junior high school students purchased e-cigarettes online, 28.3% purchased them through stores, and 20.2% purchased e-cigarettes through other methods. Regarding the item use of e-cigarettes was harmful to others, the proportion of students with an approved attitude was lower than that with negative attitudes, the difference was statistically significant(χ2=4.33, P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that e-cigarette was difficult to quit, the use of e-cigarettes won't make people feel relaxed, e-cigarette smoke was harmful to others, e-cigarette use did not make young people more attractive were negatively correlated with the use of e-cigarettes by middle school students(OR=0.46, 0.28, 0.57, 0.41, P < 0.01).  Conclusion  The use of e-cigarettes by junior high school students in Zhengzhou is relatively serious, and multiple measures should be taken to strengthen health education and reduce the use rate of e-cigarettes.
Influence of dietary factors on radius speed of sound in female college students
ZHOU Meiqi, WANG Yan, SUN Lei, ZHANG Shu, YOU Ting, TIAN Su
2021, 42(1): 61-64. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.01.015
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  Objective  To understand the level of radius speed of sound (SOS) in female college students and explore the effect of dietary on their bone health, so as to provide a reference for effective prevention fracture and osteoporosis among college students.  Methods  A total of 363 female college students were selected by multistage stratified random sampling method. Dietary intake was assessed with a self-administered food frequency questionnaire, principal component analysis was used to derive dietary patterns. Speed of sound was measured by ultrasonic bone densitometer.  Results  In all, the mean SOS of female college students was(4 138.0±114.3)m/s, 26.7% of female college students had low bone mass. Three dietary patterns were identified by factor analysis, explaining 55.4% of the diet variation: "snack" "plant" "high protein and high fat" patterns, respectively. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that with the increase of age, the level of SOS in radius increased significantly; and snacks consumption was negatively associated with the level of SOS(β=13.23, -0.47, P < 0.05).  Conclusion  University stage is still the critical period of bone mass accumulation for female, snacks consumption may have a negative impact on bone health, so it is necessary to carry out nutrition education to help improve health awareness, promote health eating, and lead health lives to prevent osteoporosis.
Influential factors of emotional overeating among college students based on social ecosystem theory in Anhui Province
YANG Songhao, ZHANG Beibei, YU Jiahao, CHEN Xing, ZHANG Yan
2021, 42(1): 65-68. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.01.016
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  Objective  To investigate the underlying influential factors related to emotional overeating behavior among college students, and to provide a reference for formulating intervention strategies for prevention of unhealthy eating behavior of college students.  Methods  A questionnaire designed based on the social ecosystem theory was used to assess the potential influential factors of at personal, social, physical and macro level emotional overeating behavior of 2 045 college students. The Emotional Overeating Questionnaire was used to measure the frequency of emotional overeating behavior among normal weight college students. Binary Logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the association between dietary norms and the influence emotional overeating behaviors.  Results  In the full adjusted model, dietary norms (OR=1.28, 95%CI=1.16-1.41), emotion scale (OR=1.46, 95%CI=1.24-1.73) and close friends' attitude(OR=0.75, 95%CI=0.59-0.95)were associated with emotional overeating behaviors. Sex, urban and rural origin, monthly living expenses, parental attitude, distance to frequent fast food restaurants outside the school, and the unmarked proportion of nutritional content and calorie information on food packaging were not associated with emotional overeating behaviors (P>0.05).  Conclusion  Dietary norms and emotion scale might increase the risk of motional overeating, close friends' attitude might reduce the risk of emotional overeating. For reducing the frequency of unhealthy eating behavior, our results implied that 1) it's necessary to improve mental health of the college students; strengthening health education in order to make them distinguish the unhealthy dietary norms is important; peer education might be effective.
Association of physical activity and depressive symptoms with eating disorders among college students in Jinan
ZHANG Cuicui, CUI Ruilan
2021, 42(1): 69-72. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.01.017
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  Objective  To understand the relationship between physical activity, depressive symptoms and eating disorders among college students, and to provide a theoretical basis for the intervention of eating disorders among college students.  Methods  A questionnaire survey including International Physical Activity Questionnaire, Patient Health Questionnaire Depression Scale and Eating Attitude Test was administered among 2 712 college students from three universities.  Results  Among the college students surveyed, 1 750(64.5%) did not meet the recommendations for physical activity, 962(35.5%) met the recommendation for physical activity; 488(18.0%) reported depressive symptoms, 452(16.7%) reported symptoms of eating disorders. There was a statistically significant difference in the incidence of eating disorders by genders, self-assessed learning pressure, physical activity and depressive symptoms(χ2=63.65, 23.17, 34.24, 70.66, P < 0.05). After adjusting for demographic variables, the results of multiple Logistic regression analysis showed that physical activity and depressive symptoms were positively correlated with eating disorders(OR=1.59, 2.58, P < 0.01). In the depression group, lower level of physical activity, was associated with higher rate of eating disorders.  Conclusion  Physical activity and depressive symptoms of college students were related to eating disorders. It is suggest that eating disorders might be alleviated by actively improving depressive symptoms and increasing physical activity.
Analysis of the association between health-related quality of life with social support and negative emotions among ethnic Korean children and adolescents
FENG He, LIU Mingfang
2021, 42(1): 73-76. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.01.018
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  Objective  To understand the health-related quality of life status of ethnic Korean children and adolescents and its relationship with social support and negative emotions, and to provide assistance to the healthy development of ethnic Korean children and adolescents.  Methods  From April to June 2018 in Jilin Province, 4 024 ethnic Korean children and adolescents were selected for the survey of quality of life, social support, and negative emotion, and multiple linear regression analysis was used to understand the relationships between them.  Results  The average score of the quality of life of ethnic Korean children and adolescents was (81.01±12.64)points. The average scores for school function, emotional function, social function and physiological function were (80.16±15.36) points, (73.07±19.85) points, (88.52±14.03) points and (82.65±14.17) points, respectively. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the negative emotions of ethnic Korean primary and middle school students had a negative association with effect on quality of life (β=-0.24, P < 0.01), social support had a positive predictive effect on quality of life (β=0.17, P < 0.01), and the interaction between negative emotions and social support played a negative role in quality of life of ethnic Korean primary and middle school students (β =-0.19, P < 0.01).  Conclusion  The health-related quality of life of ethnic Korean children and adolescents is acceptable. Social support can alleviate negative emotions to reduce the impact of negative emotions on quality of life.
Efficacy of campus-based suicide gatekeeper training programs: a Meta analysis
ZHAO Yanli, ZHAO Wei
2021, 42(1): 77-82. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.01.019
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  Objective  This systematic review is performed to examine and summarize the effects of suicide gatekeeper training programs conducted in a school setting, with the aim to provide evidence for the construction of effective suicide prevention strategies on campuses.  Methods  The Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMbase, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database(CBM), CNKI, Wanfang and Vip datebases were searched for randomized controlled trials on the training of suicide gatekeepers. Two researchers screened the literature according to the inclusion criteria, extracted the data, evaluated the quality. Then a qualitative description or quantitative synthesis strategy was adopted.  Results  Among the 9 eligible studies, a number of different types of gatekeeper training programs were identified, including Question, Persuade and Refer(QPR), Sources of Strength(SOS) based on peer support, the Youth Aware of Mental Health Program(YAM), and Screening by Professionals(Prof Screen) and other training approaches. These training programs, to various degrees, have improved trainees' knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy. And YAM was effective in reducing the number of suicide attempts and severe suicidal ideation in school-based adolescents.  Conclusion  The current studies mainly focused on the short-term effects of suicide gatekeeper training programs(knowledge, attitude, and self-efficacy). Ideally future research should pay more attention to the long-term outcomes.
Relationship among bullying victimization, psychological traits and suicide ideation of middle school students in Bijie
ZHAO Zhanfeng, ZHANG Dajun, ZHANG Lihua
2021, 42(1): 83-86, 91. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.01.020
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  Objective  To explore relationship among bullying victimization, psychological traits and suicide ideation of middle school students, and to provide suggestions for school bullying and suicide prevention for adolescents.  Methods  A total of 3 635 students of 7-9th grade from 5 junior middle schools were enrolled and investigated with the Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire (OBVQ), psychological traits questionnaire for middle school students and suicide ideation questionnaire.  Results  Prevalence of bullying victimization was 28.34% of middle school students, while the prevalence of verbal, relational and physical bullying were 22.59%, 12.05% and 7.54%, respectively. Boys had significantly higher rates of bullying victimization than girls (χ2=88.92, 94.29, 7.69, P < 0.01). Bullying victimization was positively associated with suicidal ideation (r=0.21, P < 0.01), while associated with psychological traits (r=-0.17, -0.22, P < 0.01). Psychological traits had a moderating effect on the relationship between bullying victimization and suicidal ideation (β=-0.04, P < 0.05).  Conclusion  Psychological traits can buffer the adverse effects of bullying victimization on suicidal ideation, and the critical role of psychological traits in the maintenance and development of adolescent mental health should be emphasized.
Physical exercises and associated factors among college students during COVID-19 pandemic
WANG Keping, WANG Yanying, LI Yuanyuan
2021, 42(1): 87-91. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.01.021
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  Objective  To understand physical exercises and associated factors among college students COVID-19 pandemic, and to provide a reference for promoting physical exercise of college students at home.  Methods  A convenient questionnaire survey was used to investigate the physical exercise and associated factors of 1 132 college students in 6 colleges in Beijing.  Results  A total of 1 033(91.25%) college students participated in physical exercise; with an average of(3.33±1.99)times per week, the length of each exercise was (39.24±13.23)min, and the subjective sense of exercise intensity was(2.61±0.99). Differences in exercise frequency, duration and intensity differed significantly by gender(P < 0.05). Differences in exercise frequency were significantly by grades and places of residence(P < 0.05). The exercise items of college students differed by genders and places of residence were statistically significant(P < 0.05). Students with different exercise motivations showed significant differences in exercise behaviors(P < 0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that grade, lack of interest in exercise, limited venues, incomplete equipment, family sports atmosphere, and school requirements were associated with participation in physical exercise behavior at home(P < 0.05).  Conclusion  The status of home physical exercise for college students needs to be improved. It is necessary to combine college students' exercise motivation and characteristics of exercise items based on school physical education, and to establish a family-school-society network interactive platform to form an effective linkage mechanism to promote college students' active participation in physical exercise at home.
Relationship between self-harm with depression and anxiety in college students
ZHAO Ying, WANG Yanqiu, WANG Jun, JIANG Minmin, WANG Jing, JIN Yuelong
2021, 42(1): 92-95. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.01.022
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  Objective  To examine the status of self-harm, depression and anxiety and to analyze the relation of self-harm with depression and anxiety in college students.  Methods  Totally 9 638 college students were randomly selected from five universities in Anhui province using stratified cluster sampling and were surveyed with basic demographic characteristics, Depression Self Rating Scale (SDS), Self-evaluation of Anxiety Scale (SAS) and self-harm behavior questionnaire.  Results  The detection rate of self-harm among college students was 22.94%(2 211), boys (24.51%) were higher than girls(21.72%), the difference was statistically significant(χ2=10.46, P < 0.05). The detection rate of depression was 28.57%(2 754). The detection rate of anxiety was 11.11%(1 071). The detection rate of self-harm in the depression group was 33.48%, which was significantly higher than those without depression group(18.72%)(χ2=242.22, P < 0.01). The similar results were found in the anxiety analysis, students with anxiety showed higher detection rate in self-harm (48.74%) than those without anxiety (19.72%)(χ2=453.66, P < 0.01). Both depression and anxiety were positively associated with self-harm behaviors(r=0.24, 0.27, P < 0.01). Multivariate Logistic regression model found that after covariates controlled, depression(OR=1.48) and anxiety (OR=2.84) were positively associated with self-harm of college students(P < 0.05).  Conclusion  Self-harm, depression and anxiety among college students in Anhui Province are at a high level, and a positive correlation between self-harm behaviors and depression and anxiety is observed. Attention should be paid to the mental health education of college students.
Relationship between emotional intelligence trait anger and aggressive behavior of middle school students with childhood psychological abuse
IN Qian, LI Bing, CHEN Mingxuan, LI Yi, WAN Ying, TUO Anxie
2021, 42(1): 96-99. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.01.023
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  Objective  To explore the intrinsic mechanism of emotional intelligence and trait anger in the association between childhood psychological abuse and aggressive behavior among middle school students, and to provide a theoretical basis for intervention of aggressive behaviors.  Methods  By using the multi-stage stratified random sampling method, 2 458 middle school students in Guizhou Province were selected, and group tests were carried out using psychological abuse scale, attack behavior scale, emotional intelligence scale and characteristic anger scale.  Results  Agressive behavior, trait anger and emotional intelligence differed significantly by gender(t=2.19, 5.12, -2.34, P < 0.05), and there were significant differences in aggressive behavior, psychological abuse, emotional intelligence and trait anger among middle school students of different student origins by residence(t=-18.77, -6.04, 9.10, -9.94, P < 0.05). Childhood psychological abuse (r=0.41), temperamental trait anger (r=0.52) and reactive trait anger (r=0.49) were significantly positively correlated with aggressive behavior(P < 0.05). Emotional intelligence was significantly negatively correlated with aggressive behavior (r=-0.33, P < 0.05). The test of multiple mediation effects showed that emotional intelligence, temperamental trait anger and reactive trait anger played multiple mediation roles between psychological abuse and aggressive behavior in childhood.  Conclusion  Childhood psychological abuse could not only directly affect the aggressive behavior of middle school students, but also further affect the aggressive behavior through emotional intelligence and trait anger. Emotional intelligence and idiosyncratic anger are important internal mechanisms by which childhood psychological abuse affects aggressive behavior.
Sensitive periods of physical fitness development in Han and Mongolian students in Inner Mongolia
BAI Rong, ZHANG Wei, DELI Geer
2021, 42(1): 100-105,108. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.01.024
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  Objective  To analyze the development status and sensitive periods of Han and Mongolian students' physical fitness development in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, to provide a basis for further research on the growth and development of young students and the selection of athletes.  Methods  In 2014, 15 370 Han and Mongolian students from the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, ranging in age from 7 to 18 years old, participated in this study. Data on six physical fitness indices, namely grip strength, 50 meters, standing long jump, 800 meters or 1 000 meters, pull-ups/sit-ups in succession, and sit-and-reach were collected. Furthermore, using the average annual growth rate and the standard deviation of half annual growth rate, critical values and the ages at which sensitive periods occur were calculated to examine the differences in the development of various physical qualities between the two ethnic groups.  Results  The students showed different growth rates of various indicators at different ages. A sensitive period for strength occurred in Han and Mongolian boys aged 13-15 years old and 12-15 years old, respectively. Sensitive periods for speed occurred in Han and Mongolian boys aged 8-10, 13, and 15 years and 8, 10, and 13-15 years, respectively. Sensitive periods for endurance occurred in Mongolian girls aged 8, 14, and 18 years. Sensitive periods for flexibility occurred in Han girls aged 13 and 15 years old.  Conclusion  Han and Mongolian students experience sensitive periods for different physical qualities at different ages. Moreover, there are apparent ethnic and gender differences that are retained across age groups and several scattered age points that exist alone or interspersed with each other.
Correlation between BMI and metagenomics concentration of gut microbiota of college students in Inner Mongolia
XU Xinrui, WANG Xinyu, ZHANG Jing, GENG Yikun, BIAN Haodong, WU Yingxu, LIU Yanchao
2021, 42(1): 106-108. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.01.025
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  Objective  To explore the correlation between BMI and gut microbiota of college students in Inner Mongolia, and to provide a reference basis for revealing the relationship between intestinal flora and obesity.  Methods  Totally 88 college students from Inner Mongolia Medical University were enrolled, Height and weight were measured, and the feces samples were collected. The bacterial metagenome was extracted from dry feces samples for the concentration detection in per gram of dry feces, expressed as μg/μL. Correlation between BMI and metagenomics concentration of gut microbiota was statistically analyzed. Meanwhile, the metagenomics concentration of gut microbiota in different BMI groups was compared with each other.  Results  There was a negative correlation between BMI and the metagenomics concentration of gut microbiota(r=-0.27, P < 0.05). Significant difference in the concentration of gut microflora was observed between the normal group and the obesity group, the normal group and the overweight/obesity group(F=3.62, P < 0.05). Among the female volunteers, there were significant differences between normal group and overweight group, between normal group and obesity group(F=1.87, P < 0.05). No significant differences in metagenomics concentration of gut microbiota were found in different BMI groups(F=0.60, P>0.05)  Conclusion  There is a correlation between BMI and gut microbiota of college students in Inner Mongolia, the concentration of gut microflora metagenome in overweight and obese people decreased significantly.
Effects of orthokeratology lenses and frame glasses on anisometropia in primary and middle school students with low myopia in one eye
LI Xuejiao, YIN Jie, ZHU Qin, LU Fabin, SU Xianbo, HU Min
2021, 42(1): 109-111. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.01.026
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  Objective  To investigate the effects of orthokeratology lenses and frame glasses on anisometropia in children with low myopia in one eye.  Methods  Between January 2017 and January 2018, 120 children of primary and secondary school age with myopic anisometropia low myopia in one eye presenting to the Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province were selected as research objects, with average refractive error of(-1.00, -2.50)D in one eye and(-0.50, 0.50)D in another eye. Participants were divided into an experimental group and a control group (60 cases per group), according to a random number grouping method. The control group were given frame glasses, while the experimental group were given orthokeratology lenses. A prospective study was conducted to compare and analyze the lengths of the posterior eye axis (AL) and spherical equivalent (SE), measured at different time intervals between the two groups.  Results  There were some initial differences in AL and SE between the two groups before the experiment began; however, this difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). After 12 months, participants myopic eyes given the orthokeratology lenses had shorter AL[(24.91±0.11)mm] compared to the control group[(25.02±0.09)mm], participants health eyes had longer AL[(24.58±0.24)mm] compared to the control group[(24.20±0.13)mm]. One month after the subjects stopped wearing plastic mirrors, participants myopic eyes had higher SE[(-2.22±0.78)D] compared to the control group[(-2.64±0.21)D], and had lower that in the control group[(-0.96±0.84)(-0.37±0.54)D](t=4.02, -4.58, P < 0.05).  Conclusion  In children with low myopia in one eye, compared with wearers of frame glasses, wearing corneal shape lenses can effectively restrain AL-extend and control the progression of eye myopia. At the same time, wearing corneal shape lenses can promote contralateral healthy-eye axial extension and an increase in diopter, reduce the anisometropia value, solve the problems of a binocular visual axis development imbalance, and promote coordinated eye development.
aricella incidence and vaccination of children in kindergarten and primary school of Longhua District in Shenzhen
LYU Hongxin, GU Zihao, LIU Xiaozhong, CHEN Hongbiao
2021, 42(1): 112-115. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.01.027
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  Objective  To understand the situation of varicella prevalence and vaccination of susceptible population in Longhua District, and to provide reference for the varicella immunization program.  Methods  A total of 23 706 children from 30 childcare facilities and primary schools in 6 streets were randomly selected throughout the Longhua District. Date on age, grade, recent year and dosage of vaccination, varicella incidence, the overview of vaccination were collected and analyzed.  Results  The rate of vaccination in childcare facilities and primary schools was 86.01%, including 55.61% of 1 dose and 30.41% of 2 doses of vaccine. The differences of rate vaccination rate between the childcare facilities and primary schools had statistical significance(χ2=154.95, P < 0.05).Rate of no-vaccination, 1 dose vaccination and 2 doses vaccination across 6 streets differed significantly(χ2=146.09, 103.93, 127.31, 146.09, P < 0.05). There was an increasing positive association between grades and attack rate(χ2=8.65, P < 0.05). The differences of attack rate between the childcare facilities and primary schools was of statistical significance(χ2=478.69, P < 0.05). The differences of attack rate in street of no vaccination, 1 dose vaccination and total attack rate showed statistical significance(χ2=54.49, 74.59, 151.49, P < 0.05). There was an increasing linear trend of attack rate of primary school childrenby each year(χ2=24.28, P < 0.05). The attack rate increased with time after 1 dose vaccination, immune protection was obtuined for a longer period time after additional doses of vaccine.Negative association was found between grades and protective efficacy rate of varicella. The protective rate and efficacy index of different doses of vaccine in different grades were correlated(r=0.80, 0.63, P < 0.05). It was most effective after 1 dose vaccination among children in junior grade in kindergarten and 2 dose vaccination in senior grade.  Conclusion  After the implementation of vaccination program in Longhua District, the vaccination rate of 2 doses significantly increased, but not for a long time. Varicella vaccine should be included in immunization programme to protect vulnerable populations.
Effects of parental feeding practices on children's anemia in plateau area
HUANG Lei, YUE Li, HE Li, LI Jiayue, NAN Nan, WEI Chunping, SONG Wenwen, CHEN Yiming
2021, 42(1): 116-119. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.01.028
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  Objective  To investigate the effects of parental feeding practices on anemia in children aged 0-6 years in the minority area of the plateau, and to provide evidence for anemia intervention.  Methods  A total of 1 726 children aged 0-6 years in 4 counties of Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture were selected by stratified random cluster sampling to measure hemoglobin level. Parental feeding practices were evaluated.  Results  The anemia prevalence rate among children aged 0-6 years was 50.3%. The prevalence of anemia was higher in those with younger age, Tibetan ethnic, rural residence, low parents' education level and family income(χ2=156.95, 899.51, 148.17, 8.18, 16.36, 11.03, P < 0.05). Parentl awareness rates on feeding knowledge were 10.0%-53.7%. The report rates of distraction and force-feeding were 51.4% and 36.1%, respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that parents' incorrect feeding knowledge and compulsive feeding behaviors were positively associated with anemia in children(P < 0.05).  Conclusion  Improvement of parents' health literacy and feeding behavior is an important intervention to reduce anemia in children aged 0-6 years.
Dental fluorosis of children aged 8-12 in diseased areas in Xi 'an City from 2014 to 2018
DONG Lu, YAO Peijie, LI Ping, SHI Xuehua, CHEN Wei, HE Shanshan
2021, 42(1): 120-123. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.01.029
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  Objective  To evaluate the dynamic prevalence of dental fluorosis of children and levels of fluoride in drinking water after improvement of water in Xi 'an City, to provide scientific basis for water fluoridation improvement.  Methods  A total of 35 fluorosis endemic villages were selected as fixed monitor sites in 2014-2018, the ways of water improvement were surveyed, water fluorine content were detected and the prevalence of dental fluorosis in children aged 8 to 12 years were examined.  Results  Rates of excess fluoride in drinking water from 2014 to 2018 were 22.86%, 14.29%, 11.43%, 11.43% and 8.57%, the difference were significant(χ2=16.44, P < 0.01).The dental fluorosis detection rates of children aged 8 to 12 years were 20.89%, 18.22%, 17.46%, 18.13% and 16.76% in 2014-2018 which showed a obvious descending trend by year(χ2=10.02, P < 0.01). The detection rate of dental fluorosis in children aged 8 and 9 years showed a decreasing trend by year(χ2=6.53, 4.54, P < 0.05).The difference of total rate of dental fluorisis, rate of mild cases rate of moderate-to-severe cases were statistically between the villages without qualified water and the villages with normal fluorine water(χ2=179.22, 167.93, 10.35, P < 0.01). The rate of detection in the villages with the water fluorine exceed standard in 2014-2018 showed a declining trend year by year(χ2=28.50, P < 0.01). The detection rate were significant different across water improvement methods (χ2=197.76, P < 0.01). Detection rate of dental fluorosis decreased from 2014 to 2018 in the areas with municipal water supply showed a decreasing after year(χ2=12.16, P < 0.01).  Conclusion  The improvement of municipal water supply shows significant effects on water fluorosis control, the detection rate of water fluoride and children's dental fluorosis in some villages with the other ways of water improvement are still higher than expected, the continuously monitor of fluoride content in water and dental fluorosis in children should be strengthened.
Effects of takeout food consumption on overweight and obesity among college students in Jiangxi Province
SU Fan, ZHANG Si, JIANG Baowen, SONG Yongjin, LU Jinkui, WU Xiaoyan
2021, 42(1): 124-127, 131. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.01.030
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  Objective  To investigate the correlation between takeout food consumption and overweight and obesity among college students in Jiangxi Province, and to provide a scientific basis for overweight and obesity prevention and control among college students and standardizing and managing the present situation of takeout food.  Methods  From May to June 2018, 2610 college students were randomly selected from a university in Shangrao, Jiangxi Province. The Chi-square and binary Logistic regression were used to analyze the influences of frequency and type of takeout food consumption on overweight and obesity in college students.  Results  The prevalence of overweight and obesity among male students (7.7%) was significantly higher than that among female students (4.1%) (χ2=12.02, P < 0.01), and the prevalence of overweight and obesity among college students was statistically significant (χ2=12.54, P < 0.01). The prevalence of overweight and obesity (8.8%) among college students from relatively wealthy families was higher than that of other groups. College students who ordered takeout and fast food were 1.8 times more overweight and 1.59 times more obese.  Conclusion  Regular consumption of takeout food and the type of takeout food, such as "Fast Food Bento", increased the risk of overweight and obesity. Improved healthy takeout food awareness and appropriate practices should be strengthened.
Case-control study of early life-related risk factors associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus in children
LIU Hezuo, SUN Qi, WEI Wei, ZHAI Lingling, BAI Yinglong, JIA Lihong.
2021, 42(1): 128-131. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.01.031
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  Objective  To investigate the affecting factors of type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM) in children, and to provide reference for the prevention and treatment measures in the future.  Methods  A case-control study was carried out among 106 children diagnosed with T1DM in a hospital in Shenyang. At the same time, 106 healthy children were selected as the control group by 1∶1 matching of age, gender and living area. The early life-related factors that may affect the development of T1DM in two groups were investigated by questionnaire.  Results  The average age of diagnosis in 106 cases with T1DM was(8.02±3.49) years, girls accounted for 60.4% and boys 39.6%. Multi-factor Logistic regression analysis showed that high family socioeconomic status and higher education of fathers were associated with lower odds of development of T1DM. Family member smoking(OR=2.51, 95%CI=1.19-5.29), family history of diabetes(OR=2.56, 95%CI=1.18-5.55), maternal obesity(OR=5.42, 95%CI=2.49-11.83) and infection during pregnancy(OR=3.45, 95%CI=1.04-11.46) were associated with higher risk of T1DM(P < 0.05).  Conclusion  The occurrence of T1DM in children is affected by many factors including heredity, maternal health during pregnancy and family economy, highlighting the importance of early life prevention of T1DM.
Management of tuberculosis outbreaks in middle schools of Bijie City
LIU Yao, XIONG Meng, CHEN Huijuan, YANG Jie, CHEN Pu, HONG Feng, LI Jinlan
2021, 42(1): 132-134, 138. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.01.032
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  Objective  To understand the management of tuberculosis outbreaks in middle schools in Bijie City, and to put forward suggestions to improve the quality of tuberculosis epidemic situation in schools.  Methods  A unified questionnaire was used to investigate the management of tuberculosis outbreaks in middle schools reported by tuberculosis information management system from August 27, 2018 to January 6, 2019 in Bijie City.  Results  The screening rate of close contacts was 69.72%(99/142), which significantly varied by counties(P < 0.01). The time from the date of diagnosis of patients to screening of close contacts by local CDC was 3(1-10.5) days. Rate of standardized management process for close contacts aged 15 years or older (0) was lower than that for close contacts aged younger than 15 years old (23.08%)(P < 0.01). 3 462 close contacts were screened for TB symptom, and chest X-ray among those suspected individuals(process 1), and 2 439 close contacts were screened with TB symptom, PPD test, and chest X-ray among those suspected individuals or those with strong positive in PPD test(process 2). The detection rate of pulmonary tuberculosis in close contacts of Grade I was lower in Process 1 (28.89/100 000) than in Process 2 (328.00/100 000)(χ2=6.56, P=0.01). The latent infection rate of the first-class close contacts (6.39%) was higher than that of the second-class close contacts(1.93%)(χ2=54.86, P < 0.01).  Conclusion  Management of tuberculosis outbreaks in middle schools in Bijie City in 2018 is effective and timely, but the standardization needs to be improved.
Effects of atmospheric fine particulate pollution on the lung function of primary school students
ZHANG Xinye, PENG Jing, YAN Xiaona, WANG Yongxing, YANG Siyu, ZHANG Jie
2021, 42(1): 135-138. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.01.033
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  Objective  To study the effects of atmospheric fine particulate pollution on the lung function of primary school students before and after heating during the winter in Zhengzhou.  Methods  In Zhengzhou, two areas with low and high level of PM2.5 pollution(A and B), were selected as monitoring points from 2016 to 2018. Each monitoring station selected one elementary school within around 1 km and used a cluster random sampling method to extract students from grades 3 to 5 as the research subjects. Lung function tests were conducted before and after heating in winter, and mass concentration of PM2.5 were recorded daily and compared to those recorded one month prior.  Results  The average daily mass concentration of PM2.5 were 74 μg/m3 and 92 μg/m3 in the light pollution monitoring points A and the heavy pollution monitoring points B, which exceeded the standard for 97 and 126 days, respectively. The FVC and FEV1.0 indexes for the first test of male students before heating were higher than those for the second test from 2016-2018 (P < 0.05). Except in 2016, the FVC and FEV1.0 indexes for the first test of female students were also higher than those for the second test (P < 0.05). After stratified by sex, multivariate linear regression showed that PM2.5 was associated with lung function as measured by the FEV1.0, PEF, FEF25 and FEF75 values of the students were negatively correlated (B=-0.13--0.07, -0.13--0.08, P < 0.05).  Conclusion  Fine particulate air pollution before and after heating during the winter in Zhengzhou had different effects on the lung function of primary school students. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the respiratory health protection of primary school students in winter to protect their health.
Effects of indoor air quality on the pulmonary function of schoolchildren in Harbin
KANG Zhen, LIU Xiaobo, LIU Baosheng, BAI Yuna, WANG Xiaocen, YU Tianyi, HONG Qianqi
2021, 42(1): 139-141. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.01.034
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  Objective  To explore the indoor air quality of Harbin and its suburbs, and analyze the influence of indoor air quality on the pulmonary function indexes of schoolchildren, and to provide a reference for preventing the related respiratory diseases.  Methods  The concentration of CO2, formaldehyde, benzene, PM10 and total bacterial count in indoor of 80 residents in Harbin and its suburb were monitored. The IAAH model was used to evaluate the indoor air quality, and the correlation between the indoor air quality and the pulmonary function indexes of schoolchildren was analyzed.  Results  The levels of indoor air pollutant in suburb was higher than that in the urban of Harbin, and the concentration of CO2, PM10 and total bacteria count in the suburb of Harbin increase significantly during the heating season(t=5.86, 4.92, 21.16, P < 0.05). Among the 40 households monitored by IAAH model in suburb during heating season, 37.5% had moderate air pollution, and 20.0% had severe air pollution. The IAAH was correlated with FVC, FEF75% and FEF25% after excluding the confounding factors by multiple linear regression(β=-0.17, -0.34, -0.43, P < 0.05).  Conclusion  Indoor air pollution is very serious in the suburb of Harbin during heating season, which should be paid attention to by parents to prevent related respiratory diseases of schoolchildren.
The Wuhan model of visual health management for students: a referential framework for the public-school health system
LI Xiaowei, LU Jinquan, WANG Hao, SUN Renbiao, XU Ting, QU Fangfang, TANG Jia, ZHANG Mingchang, YANG Lihua, YU Yizhen
2021, 42(1): 142-145. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.01.035
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According to the Healthy China Action Plan, Wuhan gives full play to the role of preventing and controlling student myopia by promoting student health. The primary focus is placed on education in schools, and Wuhan has integrated educational resources to develop a multi-level myopia prevention and control system and service network for school students. The network contains educational adminstrative, schools, families, and professional technical service organizations. By integrating multiple disciplines, Wuhan has built a comprehensive vision health management service system for all students. The Internet and cloud intelligent monitoring facilitated the establishment of a smart vision health management platform for students, which thoroughly and efficiently implemented myopia prevention and control to safeguard students' visual health by engaging in education, monitoring, and supervision. The prevention and control of student myopia is a breakthrough for comprehensive healthy development of students. A comparison of the standard myopia rate in Wuhan in 2019 and 2018 revealed that the standard myopia rate at different learning stages of primary school, junior high school, and high school dropped by 3.31, 2.50, and 2.26 percentage points, respectively, and the rate of myopia in primary school was significantly lower than the national level. Post-epidemic surveys showed that the compliance rate and the awareness rate of the visual environment and visual behaviors of primary and secondary school students in Wuhan reached more than 80%, and prevalence of newly onset myopia or decreased vision was 30%, which was lower than the national average. The "Wuhan Model" provides an important referential framework for public health services for school students.
Systematic review of sexuality education intervention in the 21st century
WANG Xiying, ZHANG Linlin
2021, 42(1): 146-152. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.01.036
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This study carried out a systematic review of research on sexuality education interventions in China by using CNKI, Web of Science, and other Chinese and English databases.A total of 82 articles and reports were included for analysis. With regard to the intervention modes and content, this systematic review found that comprehensive sexuality education has not been fully implemented in China, and school-based sex education primarily focuses on adolescents. The content of sex education mainly included puberty, abstinence, and HIV/STI prevention. In terms of intervention effectiveness, the results showed that sexuality education intervention is more effective in enhancing an awareness of sexuality issues and in changing the attitudes of children and adolescents, while it is less effective in sexual behavioral changes. Several suggestions are provided for sexuality education and future intervention.
Physical activity based screen time interventions for children and adolescents
ZHAN Enyan, QIAO Fengjie, ZHANG Mingxin
2021, 42(1): 153-156, 160. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.01.037
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Abstract:
Excessive screen-media use among children and adolescents is highly prevalent which increases the risk of being overweight or obese, as well as developing myopia. Therefore, screen time interventions for children and adolescents is of great importance. This review presents a retrospective analysis of foreign studies aimed at reducing screen time for children and adolescents, and summarizes the experience of implementing intervention studies, strategies, and exercise programs in different settings. The findings revealed that foreign studies of screen time in children and adolescents rely on interdisciplinary integration, and the research design of such studies is rigorous and scientific. However, there are still some limitations: Research has failed to account for certain variables (screen media type, age, and gender), and comprehensive evaluations of exercise interventions are lacking. Chinese researchers can formulate scientific and reasonable intervention programs by focusing on the following three factors: advocating multi-department and cross-domain, research cooperation; attaching importance to joint intervention studies based in schools, the community, and family; and strengthening the comprehensiveness of data analytic process, with the ultimate goal of reducing screen time for children and adolescents, as well as promoting their healthy development.
Review on the relationship between adolescent physique and mental health
WU Huipan, YIN Xiaojian
2021, 42(1): 157-160. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.01.038
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Abstract:
In recent decades, the development of the physical health and mental health of adolescents in China has not been viewed optimistically. It is necessary to explain the relationship between the physical health and mental health of adolescents to improve their health. Given the above background, the author completed an in-depth discussion and analysis of the relationships between body shape, fitness and adolescent mental health, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for establishing a reasonable and scientific intervention mechanism and promoting the healthy development of adolescents in China.