2023 Vol. 44, No. 8

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Focus on and promote the screening of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in China
SONG Bing, LIU Jiayi
2023, 44(8): 1121-1124. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.08.001
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Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is the most common type of spinal deformity, which progress rapidly in adolescence. Patients without intervention can cause serious cardiopulmonary diseases as well as physical and mental health problem. Early screening and intervention can reduce probability that progress to operation and improve the prognosis. At present, China has not carried out extensive screening for scoliosis, and has not developed a unified screening standard, resulting in cross-sectional comparison between various studies. The article focuses on the current situation of adolescent scoliosis research and the dispute of screening and puts forward suggestions.
Application and implications of implementation science framework in school health
CAO Yuxuan, TAO Fangbiao, WU Xiaoyan
2023, 44(8): 1125-1129. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.08.002
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As an emerging discipline, implementation research has been widely used in many health fields, such as the prevention and control of chronic noncommunicable diseases and mental health promotion. However, school-based implementation research in China is still in its infancy. The paper introduces the implementation science framework applied in the field of school health in foreign countries, and reviews its application in nutrition intervention, physical activity and mental health promotion, and prevention of health risk behaviors in school settings, in order to provide theoretical basis and practical guidance for the application of implementation research in school health in China.
Abnormal spinal curvature and associated factors among primary and secondary school students in Sichuan Province
ZENG Jie, ZHOU Liang, REN Qiaoqiao, ZHU Hongbin, ZHANG Li
2023, 44(8): 1130-1133. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.08.003
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  Objective  To investigate abnormal spinal curvature among primary and secondary school students in Sichuan Province, so as to provide evidence for scientific prevention.  Methods  Using a stratified cluster random sampling method, a total of 210 713 students of grade 4 to grade 12 from 21 cities (prefectures) in Sichuan Province were selected for spinal curvature screening and questionnaire survey from September to November 2022. Chi-square test and multivariate Logistic regression model were used to analyze the influencing factors of abnormal spinal curvature.  Results  The detection rate of abnormal spinal curvature was 3.42%, with urban areas (4.54%) higher than that in suburban areas(2.57%), girls (3.86%) higher than that in boys(2.98%), high school students (4.70%) higher than that in middle school students (3.80%) and elementary school students(2.21%), the differences were statistically significant (χ2=606.96, 123.81, 645.24, P < 0.01). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that urban area, junior and senior high school, girl, carrying backpack on one shoulder, desks and chairs adjusted for student height less than ≤1 time every school year, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity less than 1 h per week, and indoors sedentary time more than 10 h/d were positively associated with abnormal spinal curvature (OR=1.72, 1.75, 1.87, 1.26, 1.09, 1.07, 1.10, 1.25, P < 0.05).  Conclusion  The detection rate of abnormal spinal curvature of primary and secondary school students may be affected by the urbanicity, educational stage as well as gender in Sichuan Province. More attention should be paid to urban high school girls, and targeted strategies should be explored to reduce the incidence of abnormal spinal curvature.
Screening for scoliosis and associated factors among primary and middle school students in Shanghai
CHU Liting, ZHANG Fengyun, QI Wenjuan, QI Yue, YANG Junlin, WANG Limin, YANG Dongling, LUO Chunyan
2023, 44(8): 1134-1139. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.08.004
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  Objective  To understand the prevalence and influencing factors of scoliosis among primary and middle school students in Shanghai, so as to provide reference for the prevention and control strategies of scoliosis in children and adolescents.  Methods  From September to December 2021, a total of 4 531 students from grade four of primary school to grade three of junior high school from 16 primary and middle schools in 4 districts of Shanghai were selected by multi-stage stratified cluster sampling to carry out scoliosis screening and questionnaire survey. Independent sample t-test, Chi-squared test, Fisher's exact probability method and nonparametric Mann Whitney U-test were used for statistical analysis, and multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of scoliosis.  Results  The on-the-spot detection rate of scoliosis abnormality was 7.4% and the prevalence was 2.2%, mainly for thoracolumbar scoliosis (60.4%) and the scoliosis angle of 10° - < 20°(88.1%). The results showed that the detection rate of scoliosis in boys was 1.6% and in girls was 3.3%, with a statistically significant difference (χ2=11.84, P < 0.01). There were significant differences in weight and BMI between scoliosis students and students with negative initial screening(t=-3.77, -5.30, P < 0.01). And there was a statistically significant difference in the detection rate of scoliosis with different frequency of classroom seating arrangements (Z=2.02, P < 0.05). The results of multivariate Logistic regression showed that the risk of scoliosis in girls was higher than that in boys (OR=1.87, 95%CI=1.21-2.88). BMI (OR=0.89, 95%CI=0.83-0.95) and frequency of classroom seating arrangements (OR=0.49, 95%CI=0.25-0.93) were correlated with lower rate of scoliosis. After stratification by sex, the frequency of classroom seating arrangements (OR=0.26, 95%CI=0.10-0.67) in boys and the educational stage (OR=2.35, 95%CI=1.26-4.41) in girls (P < 0.05) was correlated with higher rate of scoliosis, while BMI (OR=0.86, 95%CI=0.79-0.94) in girls were correlated with lower rate of scoliosis.  Conclusion  Regular screening of scoliosis is an effective method for early detection of scoliosis. Girls in junior high school and low BMI should be paid close attention to. According to the occurrence and influencing factors of scoliosis, comprehensive prevention and control based on family, school, society, and other aspects can be carried out.
Effect of sedentary interval intervention on body composition and blood lipid metabolism of obese female college students
LIU Zhaohui, PANG Yajun, MENG Huili, JIAO Jie
2023, 44(8): 1140-1144. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.08.005
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  Objective  To explore the intervention effect of sedentary interval on body composition and blood lipid metabolism of obese female college students, so as to provide reference for health promotion among obese students.  Methods  Eighty obese female college students from first and second grades were randomly assigned into three groups, the control group (n=28), experimental group A (n=26), and experimental group B (n=26), between September and November 2022. The participants received appropriate dietary guidance, a 90-minute optional physical education course was offered to control group once a week, on the basis of the control group, experimental group A performed 5-minute-intermittent brisk walking (6 km/h) during each break. Experimental group B performed 5-minute-intermittent brisk walking (6 km/h) during each break for the first 4 weeks, then changed to 4-minute-brisk walking (6 km/h) and 1-minute-rope skipping (60 skips/min) during each break for weeks 5-8, and changed to 4-minute-brisk walking (6 km/h) and 1-minute-rope skipping (80 skips/min) during each break for 9-12 weeks. The intervention was performed 10 times per day, with the interruption time and frequency on weekends remaining the same. Body mass index (BMI), body fat rate (BFR), waist hip ratio (WHR), visceral fat index (VFI), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were measured before and after the experiment.  Results  After 12 weeks intervention, there were no significant differences in body composition and blood lipids in control group (P>0.05), BMI, BFR, VFI and TG in Group A were lower than those before intervention (t=3.20, 2.80, 8.19, 2.21, P < 0.05), BMI, BFR, WHR, VFI, TG, TC, LDL-C were lower and HDL-C in group B were higher than those before intervention (t=6.27, 5.85, 10.82, 19.91, 3.86, 3.29, 7.20, -4.93, P < 0.01). There were significant differences in BMI, BFR, WHR, VFI and HDL-C among the three groups (F=24.01, 23.77, 10.00, 15.28, 6.72, P < 0.01), and the intervention effects of BMI, BFR and HDL-C in group B were better than those in group A and control group (P < 0.01).  Conclusion  The intervention of brisk walking and rope skipping had a good effect on improving body composition and blood lipid metabolism of obese female college students. Schools should make good use of the time between classes and adopt short-time and high-intensity exercise intervention to improve the body composition and blood lipid metabolism of obese students.
Cluster analysis of health risk behaviors among secondary school students in Shanghai
ZHU Yan, SHI Huijing, LUO Chunyan
2023, 44(8): 1145-1150. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.08.006
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  Objective  To explore the patterns of health risk behaviors among secondary school students in Shanghai, so as to provide a basis for implementing targeted interventions.  Methods  From May to June 2021, 21 junior high schools, regular high schools and secondary vocational schools were selected from Shanghai, and the occurrence of dangerous health behaviors of 6 092 students were investigated in the form of self-filled questionnaires. The clustering analysis of the sample was performed by Ward's departure and peace method.  Results  Three types of clustering characteristics were found in this study: being bullied, depression (64.9%), loneliness (48.2%), and insomnia (42.4%) in the high-risk group (1 004, 16.5%); excessive video games (53.1%) and sugary drinks (89.3%) and fried food intake (79.0%) in the medium-risk group (1 585, 26.0%); the low-risk group (3 503, 57.5%) was characterized by extremely low alcohol consumption (0) and smoking (0.4%). The reporting rate on sugary beverage intake, fried food intake, physical activity, malicious teased, solicited, isolated/intentionally excluded, outside the group activities, threatened, kicked/hit/pushed/locked in house, smoking, unhealthy weight loss, playing video game overtime were statistically significant among the three groups (χ2=36.74, 41.85, 30.07, 652.68, 334.40, 669.89, 358.84, 233.12, 101.46, 88.45, 230.15, P < 0.01).The difference in reporting rates of loneliness, depression, insomnia and drinking were significant among the three groups (Fisher's test, P < 0.01). The majority of junior high school students, general high school students and girls in the high-risk group; boys, general high school students and junior high school students in the excessive video game and unhealthy diet group.  Conclusion  There are clusters of health-related risk behaviors among secondary school students in Shanghai, focusing on two major aspects: poor lifestyle and mental health. Targeted interventions should be implemented according to the characteristics of health-related risk behaviors clustering to enhance the intervention effect.
Relationship between parents' attitudes towards sexual education and their proactive adolescent sexual education for primary and secondary students in Baoshan City of Yunnan Province
ZHANG Ziyan, HAN Fang, DENG Rui, ZHU Zhuoxuan, WANG Qi, WEN Yating, JIAO Feng
2023, 44(8): 1151-1155. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.08.007
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  Objective  To understand parents' attitudes towards adolescent sexual education in Baoshan City of Yunnan Province, and to explore the correlation between attitudes and their proactive behavior in adolescent sexual education, so as to provide reference for improving parents' initiative in adolescent sexual health education.  Methods  From November to December 2022, a stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select 7 389 parents of students from 35 primary, middle, and high schools in Baoshan City of Yunnan Province for a questionnaire survey on adolescent sexual health education in parents' schools. Chi-square tests were conducted to compare the attitudes of parents towards sexual health education among different groups and their proactive behavior in providing sexual health education to their children. A multivariate Logistic regression model was used to analyze the correlation between parents' attitudes towards sexual education and proactive sexual health education.  Results  Totally 43.17% (3 190) of parents had a more open attitude towards sex education for their children, with parents of girls, parents of elementary school students, mothers, < 30 years old, junior high school education, workers, service personnel, married, harmonious relationships with their children and democratic parents had a higher rate of actively providing sex education for their children (χ2=4.65, 401.92, 23.53, 197.50, 38.18, 13.65, 6.54, 8.07, 32.17, 96.58, P < 0.05). Parents with a more conservative attitude towards sex education and parents of boys were negatively correlated with parents actively providing adolescent sexual health education to their children (OR=0.86, 0.38, P < 0.05). Parents who were < 30, 30- < 40, 40-50 years old, individuals/businesses, married, divorced, had a good and decent relationship with their children were positively correlated with their parents' proactive adolescent sexual health education for their children (OR=1.50, 1.90, 1.37, 1.22, 1.60, 1.32, 1.94, 1.53, P < 0.05).  Conclusion  A more open attitude towards adolescent sexual health education can serve as a predictive factor for proactive adolescent sexual health education. In order to increase the rate of family sexual health education, it is recommended to enhance parents' awareness of their responsibility for their children's sexual health education, promote harmonious parent-child relationships between parents and children, and communicate with their children with an open attitude.
Perceived friend-making effects and propensity to try e-cigarettes among never-smoking adolescent students
YANG Fangying, XU Chengzhe, YANG Xiaozhao
2023, 44(8): 1156-1159. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.08.008
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  Objective  The current study aims to understand perceptions of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) smoking among Chinese adolescents who have never smoked and its role in forming friendships, while considering the association of the odds of trying e-cigarettes, so as to provide a basis for developing an e-cigarette control policy among this population.  Methods  From September 2022 to March 2023, 2 577 adolescent students from 13 cities of the Yangtze and Pearl River Deltas, and North and Southwest China were surveyed through a questionnaire by a multi-stage cluster sampling method. The study analyzed the perceived role of e-cigarette smoking in making friends, and its influence on intentions to try them among 2 076 never-smoking adolescent students.  Results  Among the adolescent students, 728(35.07%) were inclined to try e-cigarettes, and 68(3.28%) believed that e-cigarettes play a positive factor in making friends. The results of the Logistic regression analysis showed that compared to those who strongly disagreed that e-cigarettes play a role in making friends, intentions to try e-cigarettes were higher among never-smoking adolescent students who had responded "somewhat disagree" "neutral" "somewhat agree" and "strongly agree" times, respectively. Perceived harm caused by e-cigarettes, vaping behavior of friends and negative emotions were also significantly related to the odds of trying e-cigarettes(OR=1.34-1.91, P < 0.05).  Conclusion  Perceptions of the role of e-cigarettes in friend-making among never-smoking adolescent students were significantly associated with their intentions to try e-cigarettes. It is recommended to strengthen awareness and education about the harm caused by e-cigarettes among adolescents in order to reduce the associated health risks among this population.
Temporal benefits of endurance running on self-control in sedentary university students
XU Youliang, ZHANG Zixian, WANG Xiangying, CHEN Yujun
2023, 44(8): 1160-1164. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.08.009
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  Objective  To investigate the effects of endurance running at different intensities on self-control of sedentary university students, and to reveal the immediate and sustained effects of exercise on cognitive control.  Methods  Ninety students with sedentary behaviors from 7 universities in a university city in Shandong Province were selected by cluster stratified random sampling. 21, 23, 21 and 25 students in the high, medium and low intensity groups and the blank control group completed the 30min endurance running exercise, combined with the willingness of the subjects. The Stroop test was conducted immediately after exercise, 5, 15 and 30 min after exercise, and the correct rate and response time of the Stroop test were used as two indicators of self-control.  Results  In the immediate post-exercise period, the correct response time for the control group (774.03±127.85)ms], the high-intensity group, the moderate-intensity group and the low-intensity group were statistically significant (F=6.27, P < 0.05). The correct rate for the control group, the low-intensity group, the high-intensity group and the moderate-intensity group were statistically significant (F=14.87, P < 0.05). High-intensity endurance running exercise was able to achieve the best performance at 30 min and beyond on the Stroop test response and correctness (P < 0.05), while moderate-intensity endurance running had a better effect on improving self-control than low-intensity endurance running at 30 min post-exercise.  Conclusion  High and moderate-intensity endurance running exercises can effectively improve self-control in sedentary university students. It is recommended that moderate or high intensity endurance running be performed as the body can tolerate it to improve self-control and cognitive ability.
Relationship between adolescent depressive symptoms with childhood psychological trauma and maternal pregnancy
WANG Jian, LI Guangyun, XU Shucai
2023, 44(8): 1165-1168. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.08.010
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  Objective  To explore the relationship between adolescent depressive symptoms, childhood psychological trauma and maternal illness during pregnancy, so as to provide scientific busis for the development of adolescent mental health.  Methods  A stratified cluster random sampling method was employed to select 2 092 primary and secondary school students in Wuhan City from January to July 2022. Questionnaires were administered to investigate adolescent depressive symptoms, childhood psychological trauma, and maternal illness during pregnancy. The influencing factors of adolescent depression were analyzed.  Results  A total of 139 adolescents reported depressive symptoms. The childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ) score of the depression group was (57.49±6.85), and the score in adolescents without depression group was (46.28±5.96)(t=21.14, P < 0.05). Among the maternal diseases during pregnancy, hypertension accounted for 11.51%, diabetes 9.35%, cholestasis 7.19%, hypothyroidism/hyperthyroidism 7.91%, anemia 9.35% and viral hepatitis 3.60% in depression group, 5.79%, 4.71%, 3.64%, 3.07%, 4.30%, 1.18% in the group without depression, respectively, and the differences were statistically significant (χ2=7.35, 5.87, 4.42, 9.28, 7.49, 5.75, P < 0.05). The proportion of academic stress in the depressed group and non-depressed group were 61.15% and 46.34%, respectively, and was statistically significant (χ2=16.04, P < 0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that gestational hypertension (OR=5.04, 95%CI=2.07-12.24), diabetes mellitus (OR=4.49, 95%CI=1.85-10.91), anemia (OR=3.68, 95%CI=1.51-8.94), high academic stress (OR=3.52, 95%CI=1.45-8.56) and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (OR=4.63, 95%CI=1.91-11.26) were the risk factors of depression in adolescents (P < 0.05).  Conclusion  Adolescent depression may be due to high academic stress, childhood psychological trauma, maternal hypertension, diabetes, thyroid dysfunction and anemia in pregnancy. It is suggested that relevant departments provide appropriate measures to reduce the risk of adolescent depression.
Effects of different intensity of exercise combined with dietary intervention on body composition, lipid metabolism and gut microbiota in obese nonalcoholic fatty liver disease female college students
WANG Peng, LIU Baoliang, LIU Yan, JIANG Di
2023, 44(8): 1169-1173. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.08.011
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  Objective  To understand the effects of different intensity of exercise combined with dietary intervention on body composition, lipid metabolism and gut microbiota in obese (nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, NAFLD) college students, so as to provide a theoretical reference for improving the health of the obese NAFLD female college students.  Methods  From March to Aprial 2022, 43 NAFLD female college students were recruited and randomly divided into HIIT group (n=22) and MICT group(n=21). Subsequently, HIIT group received HIIT combined with diet intervention for 8 weeks and MICT group received MICT combined with diet intervention for 8 weeks, the changes of body composition, lipid metabolism and gut microbiota in NAFLD female college students were compared before and after intervention.  Results  Compared with that before the experiment, after 8 weeks of HIIT and MICT combined with dietary intervention, the weight, BMI, body fat mass, trunk fat mass, waist hip ratio and visceral fat area significantly decreased (t=15.56, 15.48, 15.74, 13.92, 6.51, 11.55; 13.64, 13.48, 15.82, 6.53, 4.40, 9.53), the levels of cholesterol and triglyceride and low density lipoprotein, bacillus coli and enterococcus significantly decreased (t=6.75, 2.16, 6.86, 3.06, 7.85; 3.55, 2.36, 4.00, 3.32, 5.94); lactobacillus and bifidobacterium increased significantly (t=6.64, 5.89; 5.11, 4.71); however, only HIIT group had a significant increase in the level of high density lipoprotein(t=5.08)(P < 0.05). Compared with MICT group, body fat mass, trunk fat mass, visceral fat area and cholesterol level in HIIT group were significantly lower than those in MICT group (t=2.20, 2.10, 2.15, 2.26, P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in other indicators between the two groups (P > 0.05).  Conclusion  The results show that HIIT and MICT have benefical effects on body composition, lipid metabolism and gut microbiota in obese NAFLD female college students, but HIIT is superior to MICT intervention in reducing body fat mass, visceral fat and improving lipid metabolism.
Association of depressive symptoms, Internet addiction and insomnia among medical students in Anhui Province
JI Wenping, ZHANG Hongyan, TIAN Yinghan, YANG Cheng, WANG Song, SHI Yudong, HU Liangliang, WU Birong, XIA Lei
2023, 44(8): 1174-1177. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.08.012
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  Objective  To investigate the status of insomnia, Internet addiction, and depressive symptoms among medical students and to analyze the effect of Internet addiction on insomnia and the mediating role of depressive symptoms, in order to provide a basis for the development of targeted interventions and measurements for medical students.  Methods  A stratified whole-group sampling method was used to select full-time college students from three medical universities in Anhui Province. The Chinese version of Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Internet Addiction Test (IAT) scale and 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) were used to evaluate the symptoms of insomnia, Internet addiction and depressive in students. A multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the factors influencing insomnia among medical students and to analyze the relationship between insomnia with Internet addiction and depressive symptoms, respectively.  Results  The overall rate of Internet addiction was 49.5%, depressive symptoms was 39.5%, insomnia was 18.6%. High academic stress, and the presence of surrounding people diagnosed with COVID-19 were associated with a higher risk of insomnia (P < 0.05). The higher the level of Internet addiction (mild, OR=2.60; moderate/severe, OR=4.21) and depression. (mild, OR=6.35; moderate/severe, OR=19.32), the higher the risk of insomnia. Mediated effect analysis showed that Internet addiction had a direct predictive effect (β=0.02, P < 0.05) on insomnia and also indirectly affected insomnia through depression (indirect effect=0.07, 95%CI=0.06-0.08).  Conclusion  The detected rates of insomnia, Internet addiction and depressive symptoms are high among medical students in Anhui Province, and Internet addiction and depressive symptoms are risk factors for insomnia, which should be given more attention and appropriate interventions when necessary to improve their physical and mental health.
Analysis of AI image recognition approach for monitoring primary school students' outdoor activity time in school
WU Yu, SHI Huiying, WANG Qian, HUANG Yuanyuan, CHENG Jinquan, ZHOU Li
2023, 44(8): 1178-1181. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.08.013
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  Objective  To develop a method that can continuously monitor duration of students' outdoor activities for a long time, so as to provide data support for the relationship between outdoor activity duration and students' health.  Methods  From April 28 to July 6, 2022, 1 168 students from a primary school in Shenzhen were selected. Fixed cameras were placed on the top of school classrooms, corridors and critical paths were used to identify student data and duration in the picture. And AI, cloud computing and other methods were used to measure students' non-classroom time instead of outdoor activity time in school.  Results  The average length of time spend on outdoor activities in school of the 24 pilot classes were 67.6-113.0 min, and showed a downward trend by grade (F=42.74, P < 0.05). The duration of outdoor activities among students was negatively correlated with the detection rate of myopia and overweight(r=-0.74, -0.45, P < 0.05).  Conclusion  The data on outdoor activity time calculated by AI image recognition is basically in line with the reality. Monitoring students' outdoor activity time at school through AI image recognition is feasible and popularized.
Interactive effect of childhood abuse and uncertainty stress on depressive symptoms among college students
BU Qingliang, YAN Na, LUO Yunjiao, ZHANG Caochen, WANG Wei
2023, 44(8): 1182-1185. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.08.014
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  Objective  To understand the relationship between childhood abuse and uncertainty stress among college students and their interaction with depressive symptoms, so as to provide evidence for psychological intervention among college students.  Methods  A total of 1 830 college students from Xuzhou, Nanjing and Wuhan were selected by multistage stratified cluster random sampling method to conduct a questionnaire survey from March to May 2021 using Adverse Childhood Experience Scale, Uncertainty Stress Scale, and 10-Item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale.  Results  Overall, 361 (19.73%), 507 (27.70%) and 607 (33.17%) college students had childhood abuse experiences, high uncertainty stress and depressive symptoms respectively. After controlling for confounding factors, multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of depressive symptoms in college students with childhood abuse experiences was 2.84 times higher than those without childhood abuse experiences (OR=2.84, 95%CI=2.17-3.71). The risk of depressive symptoms among college students with high uncertainty stress was 7.88 times higher than those without high uncertainty stress (OR=7.88, 95%CI=6.21-9.99). The results of interaction analysis showed that childhood abuse and uncertainty stress had no multiplication interaction but additive interaction on depressive symptoms of college students: RERI (95%CI)=12.73(3.24-22.23), AP (95%CI)=0.57(0.37-0.76), S (95%CI)=2.47(1.53-3.98).  Conclusion  High uncertainty stress and childhood abuse have additive interaction on depression symptoms of college students. Eliminating childhood abuse and scientific management of uncertainty stress can reduce the risk of depressive symptoms among college students.
Association between sleep quality and anxiety-depression co-morbid symptoms among nursing students of medical college in Hefei City
NIU Yaqian, TAO Shuman, YANG Yajuan, ZOU Liwei, LI Tingting, XIE Yang, ZHANG Dan, ZHAI Shuang, QU Yang, TAO Fangbiao, WU Xiaoyan
2023, 44(8): 1186-1189. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.08.015
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  Objective  To describe the prevalence and association of sleep quality and anxiety-depression co-morbid symptoms among nursing students, in order to provide a reference basis for promoting the development of nursing students' mental health.  Methods  Using a prospective study design, baseline survey was conducted in January 2019 among a random cluster sample of 1 716 individuals in three medical universities in Hefei, Anhui Province, and a follow-up survey was conducted in October 2019, with a valid number of 1 573 individuals after matching with the baseline survey. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to assess nursing students' sleep quality, and the Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale (DASS-21) to assess the anxiety-depression co-morbid symptoms.  Results  The detection rates of anxiety-depression co-morbidities among nursing students at baseline and follow-up survey were 16.9% and 18.2%, respectively, and the detection rates of poor sleep quality among nursing students at baseline and follow-up survey were 10.1% and 10.3%, respectively. The results of the binary Logistic regression model showed that baseline PSQI score were positively associated with the risk of anxiety-depression co-morbid symptoms among nursing students at baseline (OR=1.49, 95%CI=1.40-1.59) and after nine months of follow-up (OR=1.22, 95%CI=1.16-1.28). Furthermore, the influence of baseline sleep quality on the risk of anxiety-depression co-morbid symptoms were mainly concentrated in the five dimensions of sleep time, sleep efficiency, sleep disorders, hypnotic drugs and daytime dysfunction, and such effects of sleep time, sleep disorders and daytime dysfunction still existed in the follow-up investigation.  Conclusion  Poor sleep quality of nursing students can increase the risk of anxiety-depression co-morbidities. Improving sleep quality of nursing students has a positive effect on improving their mental health.
Intervention effects with esports and exercise on body mass index and sleep quality of depressed college students
REN Panhong, NIE Mengjian
2023, 44(8): 1190-1193. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.08.016
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  Objective  To explore the effects of esports participation, exercise and combined intervention on BMI and sleep quality of depressed college students, so as to provide reference and suggestions for improving the treatment of depression.  Methods  From April 6th to July 16th in 2021, 180 non-sports-major college students of grade 1 to 4 in Heman Normal University were selected, and were randomly assigned into depression control group(n=35), esports group(n=38), sports group(n=35), esports and sports group (n=32) and normal control group (n=40). In total, 140 participants were depressed and 40 were physically and mentally healthy. The esports experimental group carried out 8 weeks of PC esports project intervention, and the exercise group received 8-week running exercise and HIIT exercise combined intervention. The esports and exercise group received 8 weeks of PC esports intervention combined with running exercise and HIIT exercise. The depression and normal control group received no intervention. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Scale (PSQI) and Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) were used to evaluate the levels of depression and sleep quality before and after different interventions.  Results  The score of depression and sleep quality in esports group significantly decreased compared with those before intervention (t=10.31, 8.50, P < 0.01), no similar decrease in BMI (P > 0.05). The depression score, BMI, and sleep quality scores in the exercise group decreased compared to those before intervention (t=13.74, 8.53, 8.10, P < 0.01); For the joint intervention groups, the scores of the three indicators decreased compared to those before the intervention (t=6.16, 13.30, 8.35, P < 0.01).  Conclusion  Esports, exercise and combined intervention reduce symptorns of depression of college students, but show no effects on BMI, while exercise and combined intervention can improve sleep of college students. Actively utilizing the advantages of esports and combining sports measures should be uesd to improve the mental health of college students.
Sleep disorders and associated factors among Tibetan secondary school students in high altitude areas
MIAO Qiuxiang, QIAO Ruihong, LI Yanhong, TSERING Gonga
2023, 44(8): 1194-1197. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.08.017
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  Objective  To analyze the status of sleep disorders and their influencing factors among Tibetan secondary school students in high altitude areas in China, so as to provide a reference for the improvement and intervention of sleep quality among Tibetan secondary school students in high altitude areas.  Methods  From April to July, 2022, a questionnaire survey on demographic factors, sleep disorders, and lifestyle was conducted on 5 486 Tibetan secondary school students in the Lhasa, Shigatse, and Nagqu regions of Tibet, China, using stratified whole-group sampling. Descriptive statistics and Logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the sleep disorders of Tibetan secondary school students and their influencing factors.  Results  The average score of PSQI for Tibetan secondary school students at high altitude was (5.67±3.23), and the detection rate of sleep disorders (PSQI > 7) was 24.72%. There were significant differences in the prevalence of sleep disorders among different grades (χ2=23.95, P < 0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, academic stress, falling asleep after midnight, sleep environment, and parental sleep disorders were positively associated with the occurrence of sleep disorders among Tibetan secondary school students (OR=2.74, 1.68, 2.62, 1.32, 2.02, 1.85, 2.61, 1.31, 2.19, 2.88, 4.91, 2.94, 2.51, 1.36, P < 0.05).  Conclusion  Tibetan secondary school students in high altitude areas have poor sleep quality and widespread sleep disorder problems, which should be given intervention and improvement. Schools and families should give secondary school students more guidance on appropriate exercise, and reduce academic stress to improve sleep quality and ensure healthy physical and mental development for secondary school students.
A machine learning-based predictive model of non-suicidal self-injurious behavior among college students in Guizhou Province
PAN Chan, LIU Xiaorong, SHI Xiangzi, ZHAO Wenxin, TIAN Meng, CHEN Siyuan, ZHANG Wanzhu
2023, 44(8): 1198-1202. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.08.018
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  Objective  To explore the effectiveness of machine learning algorithms in predicting non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) behavior among college students, and to analyze the influencing factors of NSSI behavior, thus providing a reference for promoting psychological well-being.  Methods  In December 2022, a stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select 835 college students from a university in Guizhou Province, China. The Adolescent Self-injury Scale, Family Function Assessment Scale, and Emotion Regulation Self-efficacy Scale were used to evaluate the participants. Demographic characteristics, family factors, and emotional factors were taken as independent variables, while the dependent variable was whether college students exhibited NSSI behavior. Machine learning algorithms, including Logistic regression, support vector machine (SVM), decision trees, algorithm gradient boosting trees, random forests, and AdaBoost, were used to construct predictive models.  Results  The detection rate of NSSI behavior among the college students was 23.23% (194 individuals). The NSSI behavior group scored higher than the non-NSSI behavior group in total family function, emotional communication, egoism, and family rules (t=3.02, 3.35, 2.23, 2.87, P < 0.05). On the other hand, the non-NSSI behavior group scored higher than the NSSI behavior group in total emotion regulation self-efficacy, managing negative emotion self-efficacy, and expressing positive emotion self-efficacy (t=-5.04, -5.48, -2.43, P < 0.05). The recall rates of random forests, SVM, Logistic regression, decision trees, algorithm gradient boosting trees, and AdaBoost were 84.3%, 90.6%, 73.4%, 87.5%, 95.3%, 89.0%, respectively. The F1 scores were 84.4%, 92.1%, 71.2%, 79.4%, 91.7%, 89.1%, respectively. The respective precision rates were 84.4%, 93.5%, 69.1%, 72.7%, 88.4%, 89.1%. The AUC scores were 0.845, 0.922, 0.706, 0.776, 0.915, and 0.891, respectively.  Conclusion  Compared to the algorithm gradient boosting tree, random forest, Logistic regression, and AdaBoost models, the SVM model has a better predictive effect on whether college students in Guizhou Province exhibits NSSI behavior. It is recommended to use an appropriate model to identify students at risk of NSSI behavior as early as possible and provide psychological crisis interventions to promote their mental health.
Effects of music training on response inhibition among children with developmental dyslexia
YANG Ying, HUO Mingzhu, ZHANG Chao, LI Wenhui
2023, 44(8): 1203-1206. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.08.019
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  Objective  To explore the influence of music training on the response inhibition ability of children with developmental dysplasia, and to provide a theoretical basis for improving the response inhibition ability of children with developmental dyslexia.  Methods  From September to October 2020, students from grades 3-6 in a primary school in Shenyang, Liaoning Province were selected. A total of 27 children with dyslexia were selected through literacy test and intelligence test, and 23 children with matched reading level were selected. The Go/No-go experimental paradigm was used to investigate the changes of response inhibition in children with developmental dyslexia before and after ALF music training, induding solfeggio, physical rhythm, music scene performance and chorus.  Results  The results before and after music training showed that the main effect in the test stage was significant among two groups[F(1, 48)=6.13, P < 0.05, ηp2=0.11], and The accuracy of post-test [(91.80±0.80)%] was significantly higher than that of pre-test [(89.10±0.90)%]; the accuracy of the children with developmental dyslexia in response to the symbolic stimulus No-go was significantly higher in the post-test [(81.81±10.97)%] than in the pre-test [(73.78±15.26)%](t=-2.33, P=0.03); the accuracy of reading matched children's response to Chinese characters stimulation No-go was significantly better in the post-test [(85.59±12.11)%] than in the pre-test [(78.33±12.98)%](t=-2.20, P < 0.05). In terms of response time, the post-test scores of developmental dyslexia children [(444.06±77.49)ms] were significantly better than those of pre-test children [(519.01±70.75)ms], and there was no significant difference between symbol stimulus and Chinese stimulus in developmental dyslexia children (P > 0.05).  Conclusion  Response inhibition is deficient in children with developmental dyslexia. Compared with symbols, the response inhibition ability of Chinese characters is impaired; Music training significantly improved the inhibitory ability of signs in children with developmental dyslexia.
Association between sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and physical fitness index among college students
LU Junbo, GUO Jin, LUO Liao, BAO Jian
2023, 44(8): 1207-1210. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.08.020
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  Objective  To understand the association between sugar-sweetened beverage consumption with physical fitness index among college students, so as to provide a reference for the improvement and intervention of college students' physical fitness.  Methods  From September to December 2021, a total of 5 520 college students from universities in Jilin, Anhui, Jiangxi, Xinjiang, and Shanghai, were surveyed with sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and physical fitness using stratified cluster sampling. One-way ANOVA and Logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the association between sugary drink consumption and physical fitness index (PFI).  Results  The frequencies of sugar-sweetened beverage consumption among college students were 10.3%, 67.2%, 13.9%, and 8.6% for 0, 1-3, 4-5, and ≥ 6 times/week, respectively. The differences in waist circumference, grip strength, standing long jumping, sit- and -reach, 50-meter running, and 1 000/800 meter running performance were statistically significant among college students with varying sugar-sweetened beverage consumption (F=8.67, 7.22, 11.20, 13.47, 3.98, 2.86, P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that those who had sugary drinks 4-5 times/week, ≥ 6 times/week had a higher risk of low PFI compared to those who reported no sugary drinks (OR=1.48, 1.56, P < 0.05). With respect to gender, the risk of low PFI was also higher among male students who consumed sugary drinks ≥6 times/week (OR=2.01, P < 0.05), while there was no significant difference among female students.  Conclusion  Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption is negatively associated with the physical fitness index among college students with significant gender differences. College students, especially males, should be targeted to improve health literacy, reduce the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, so as to improve physical fitness.
Association among insomnia, resilience and negative emotions in freshman students
LIU Jing, ZHANG Zhixian, JIN Zhengge, WAN Yuhui
2023, 44(8): 1211-1215. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.08.021
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  Objective  To explore the associations among resilience, insomnia, and negative emotional symptoms in college students, so as to provide a basis for implementing targeted measures to improve insomnia symptoms and the mental health of this population.  Methods  From April to May 2022, a cluster sampling method was employed to select 3 221 freshmen from Union University of Huainan in Anhui Province. Questionnaires were administered to investigate general demographic characteristics, insomnia, resilience, and depressive symptoms. Multivariate Logistic regression models were constructed to analyze the relationships among tinsomnia, resilience, and depressive symptoms of college students.  Results  The prevalence rates of depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and stress-related symptoms were 17.5%, 22.7%, and 7.8%, respectively. After adjusting for confounding factors, insomnia was significantly associated with depressive symptoms [OR(95%CI)=5.09(4.05-6.41)], anxiety symptoms [OR(95%CI)=4.89(3.91-6.12)] and stress-related symptoms [OR(95%CI)=6.39(4.82-8.48)](P < 0.05). Medium and low levels of resilience were significantly associated with depressive symptoms [OR(95%CI)=2.86(2.06-3.97),8.77(6.44-11.93)], anxiety symptoms [OR(95%CI)=3.21(2.43-4.23),7.55(5.79-9.84)] and stress-associated symptoms [OR(95%CI)=2.48(1.53-4.01),7.17(4.61-11.16)](P < 0.05). The interaction between insomnia and Psychological resilience had interaction on college students' negative emotional symptoms.Comparable to the results regarding insomnia, decreased resilience corresponded to a higher detection rate of negative emotions in freshman students (P < 0.05).  Conclusion  Insomnia and resilience were correlated with negative emotions in college students. Emphasis should be placed on sleep health education and resilience in order to improve the negative emotions in college students.
Association between body mass index and physical fitness index among secondary school students in Jiangxi Province
XIE Qin, XIONG Jianping, MAO Chaoliang, NIU Zhining, ZHOU Jianfeng, GONG Ling, JIANG Jing
2023, 44(8): 1216-1220. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.08.022
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  Objective  To measure the body mass index (BMI) of secondary school students and analyze its association with the physical fitness index, so as to improve the physical health of middle school students.  Methods  Using a randomized cluster stratified sampling method, 3 813 secondary school students from six cities (Ganzhou, Ji'an, Fuzhou, Nanchang, Shangrao and Jiujiang) in Jiangxi Province, China, were selected in September 2022. Questionnaire survey was administered to obtain basic information and to assess the nutritional status and physical fitness tests were conducted among secondary school students. The study was stratified by gender and age, and the Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to compare the differences in the mean values of grip strength, sit-ups, standing long jump performance and strength quality among secondary school students with different BMI levels, while the correlation between BMI and strength quality index was inferred by using curve regression analysis.  Results  There was statistical significance in the strength quality index of middle school students with different BMI level (H=56.79, 8.84, P < 0.05). Except 13 years old group, the difference of physical fitness by BMI grade strength quality index of boys in other age groups was statistically significant (H=22.21, 16.23, 17.98, 18.21, 8.08), while the difference of physical fitness by BMI of girls at 14 years old was statistically significant (H=9.11)(P < 0.05). The curve fitting using regression showed that the physical fitness index and BMI of middle school students (boys and girls) show an inverted U-shaped curve. The physical fitness index was higher in the middle region of BMI (Z-score) and lower in the two end regions, while showing a decreasing trend from the middle to the two ends.  Conclusion  An association is found between BMI and physical fitness among secondary school students in Jiangxi Province, and wasting and overweight/obesity are negatively correlated with physical fitness. Greater attention should be paid to the nutritional status of secondary school students to ensure the normal development of physical fitness.
Correlations between levels of thyroid hormone-related indicators and the status of physical development of children aged 6 years old in Pudong New Area, Shanghai
HU Hui, REN Yaping, WU Tianfeng, SHEN Huiping, BAI Pinqing
2023, 44(8): 1221-1225. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.08.023
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  Objective  To explore the correlations among serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), total triiodothyronne (TT3) and total thyroxine (TT4) and the status of physical development of school-age children in Pudong New Area, Shanghai, so as to provide a basis for health guidance and clinical intervention for school-age children.  Methods  From October to November 2020, stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 2 088 students aged 6 years old from 13 primary schools in Pudong New Area. Test of the level of serum thyroid hormone, physical examination and questionnaire investigation were performed. Height for age Z score (HAZ), Weight for age Z score (WAZ) and BMI for age Z score (BAZ) were used to evaluate child's status of physical development. The correlations among the level of thyroid hormone and the status of physical development of school-age children was analyzed.  Results  The median (P25, P75) values of TSH, TT3 and TT4 of school-age children in Pudong New Area were 3.09 (2.27, 3.87)μIU/mL, 2.06 (1.88, 2.25) nmol/L and 110.30 (99.80, 120.00) nmol/L. Height, weight, body mass index (BMI), HAZ, WAZ and BAZ were (122.34±5.22)cm, (24.72±4.90)kg, (16.42±2.40)kg/m2, (0.64±0.94) (0.71±1.69) and (0.50±1.30), respectively. There were statistically significant differences in BMI, WAZ and BAZ with different TSH levels (F=3.61, 3.39, 3.18, P < 0.05), and there were statistically significant differences in height, weight, BMI, HAZ, WAZ and BAZ (F=15.28, 53.79, 54.77, 15.78, 27.57, 52.78, P < 0.01) with different TT3 levels. Compared with the normal group, high TSH group was positively correlated with BAZ grading [OR(95%CI) =1.27 (1.03-1.57)], low TT3 group was negatively correlated with HAZ grading, WAZ grading, and BAZ grading [OR(95%CI) =0.68(0.54-0.85), 0.61(0.49-0.76), 0.63(0.51-0.79)], high TT3 group was positively correlated with WAZ grading and BAZ grading [OR(95%CI) =1.90(1.55-2.33), 1.89(1.54-2.33)], high TT4 group was positively correlated with BAZ grading [OR(95%CI)=1.26(1.02-1.56)] (P < 0.05).  Conclusion  The serum levels of thyroid hormone, Shanghai were correlated with physical development among 6-year-old Children in Pudong New Area, Shanghai. Keep normal thyroid hormone level is of great significance for children's health.
Correlation between handgrip strength and pulmonary function in college students
LUO Yu, MA Tian, QUE Gang, REN Zhe, GUO Junxia, WU Hao
2023, 44(8): 1226-1229. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.08.024
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  Objective  To explore the relationship between handgrip strength (HGS) and pulmonary function (PF) in college students with sedentary lifestyle, so as to provide a reference for taking HGS as an essential factor of PF.  Methods  In March 1-5, 2023, a total of 44 college students were recruited and were divided into the sedentary group (22) and exercise group (22) according to the International Physical Activity Questionaire (IPAQ), with 22 students in each group. Independent-sample t-test was used to compare the indexes between groups, pearson correlation coefficient was used to determine the correlation between HGS and PF. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine the predictive model of PF.  Results  There were statistical significance of the correlations between HGS and FVC, MEP, PEF, FEV1, FIVC, MIP, and PIF (r=0.79, 0.47, 0.44, 0.60, 0.72, 0.53, 0.49, P < 0.01). When gender, physical activity, age, height, weight, and HGS were included as predictors in the regression model, height and HGS had significant effects on FVC (R2=0.75, F=60.55, P < 0.01), weight and HGS had a good predictive effect on FIVC (R2=0.67, F=41.77, P < 0.01).  Conclusion  HGS is significantly associated with PF in college students with sedentary lifestyle. Therefore, HGS can be used as an important indicator to predict the PF status of habitual sedentary college students.
A cohort study of infant development and health in Tianjin
WANG Jing, CHEN Yiren, GUO Yuanyuan, JIANG Chang, LI Yue, LI Zhe, LIU Gongshu, CHEN Fangfang
2023, 44(8): 1230-1233. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.08.025
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  Objective  To investigate the current situation of obesity and related metabolic abnormalities among preschool children, so as to provide theoretical support for future intervention.  Methods  A cohort of 3 952 children, born in Tianjin and enrolled in the kindergarten from September 2017 to October 2018, were selected to conduct a baseline survey and a three-year follow-up (questionnaire survey, physical examination and laboratory testing). At the same time, a two-way cohort study was conducted to retrospectively collect maternal prenatal examination, delivery and regular physical examination information of children from birth to preschool age from Tianjin Maternal and Child Health Information System.  Results  A total of 3 935, 3 654 and 2 739 children completed the follow-up in the primary, middle and senior classes of kindergarten respectively. The height and weight of pre-school children increased with age, while the percentage of body fat decreased with age (βtrend=-0.74, P < 0.01). During three-year follow up, height, weight and body mass index of boys were higher than girls (P < 0.05), while the percentage of body fat was lower than girls (primary class: 17.5%, 18.5%; middle class: 16.4%, 17.2%; senior class: 16.1%, 17.1%, P < 0.05). The detection rate of overweight (including obesity) and obesity increased with age(χ2 trend were 15.51, 38.72, P < 0.05). The total detection rate of obesity increased from 5.4% at the baseline level to 9.6%. Laboratory test results showed that the detection rates of fasting blood glucose of boys were higher than that of girls in primary class, but blood lipid abnormalities were in the opposite (glucose: 7.7%, 4.8%; lipid: 23.8%, 27.7%)(χ2=12.01, 6.63, P < 0.05).  Conclusion  The study has established a large growth cohort starting from the early embryonic stage, which will help to establish the strategies to promote children's health and prevent obesity and chronic diseases from multidimensional perspectives.
Injury-related mortality among children aged 0-14 years in Hunan Province during 2014-2021
LIU Yuan, YIN Li, XU Qiaohua, JIN Donghui
2023, 44(8): 1234-1237. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.08.026
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  Objective  To explore injury-related mortality among children aged 0-14 years in Hunan, to provide reliable data support for injury prevention among children aged 0-14 years in the region.  Methods  A descriptive analysis on child mortality data from 2014 to 2021 of injuries collected from 28 death surveillance spots in Hunan was conducted.  Results  The mortality rate of injures among children aged 0-14 years in Hunan decreased from 20.19/100 000 (adjusted mortality: 25.32/100 000) in 2014 to 11.05/100 000 (adjusted mortality: 13.71/100 000) in 2021 (APC=-9.4%, P < 0.05), and the annual average mortality rate was 14.86/100 000, there were 17.29/100 000 boys and 11.96/100 000 girls, with statistically significant gender differences (χ2=27 835.54, P < 0.05). The average mortality rate of drowning among different causes of injury and death was 5.98/100 000, followed by the average mortality rate of road traffic accidents of 3.38/100 000.  Conclusion  There is a downward trend of deaths due to injures for children aged 0-14 years in Hunan during 2014-2021, with an obvious gender difference. Drowning and traffic accidents are the main cause of injury-related deaths for children aged 0-14 years. Steady monitoring of children injury is vital for children injury prevention. Children safety and health education, and related effective policies and legal provisions should be developed and enhanced.
Investigation of the prevalence of deciduous teeth caries and its correlation with nutritional status among kindergarten children in Zhag'yab of Tibet in 2022
GUO Lei, TANG Benyu, SHI Xin, LI Ying, NIMA, ZHU Shunye
2023, 44(8): 1238-1241. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.08.027
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  Objective  To investigate the health of deciduous teeth and the effect of deciduous teeth caries on the nutritional status of Tibetan children in kindergartens in Zhag'yab of Tibet, so as to provide a reference for the prevention and treatment of dental caries in local children.  Methods  A cross-sectional survey was conducted among all Tibetan children aged 3 to 7 years in kindergartens from 13 districts in Zhag'yab of Tibet, a total of 1 263 eligible children were included. Oral examination, height, weight measurement and hemoglobin test were performed. The health status of children was evaluated according to WHO diagnostic criteria of dental caries rate, average of decayed-missing-filled tooth(DMFT), malnutrition and anemia, and the correlation between deciduous teeth caries and nutritional status of children were analyzed.  Results  The overall deciduous teeth caries prevalence rate of Tibetan children in Zhag'yab kindergarten was 62.6%, and the mean dmft was (4.0±4.6). Aged 3, 4, 5, 6, 7-year-old children's deciduous teeth caries rate were 31.1%, 55.3%, 63.8%, 70.9%, 76.6%, respectively, mean dmft were (1.1±2.0) (2.9±3.4) (3.5±3.3) (5.4±5.4) (5.9±6.6) respectively. The prevalence of deciduous teeth caries and mean dmft increased with age, and the differences among age groups were statistically significant (χ2/F=72.17, 33.47, P < 0.05). The overall detection rate of malnutrition(25.4%), stunting(12.3%), underweight(12.6%), wasting(10.9%) and anemia(29.6%) in caries children were higher than those in children without caries(19.5%, 8.1%, 6.1%, 6.6%, 15.5%), the differences were statistically significant (χ2=5.81, 5.49, 13.61, 6.52, 32.02, P < 0.05). Caries children's overweight rate (3.7%) was higher than that of children without caries (3.4%), obesity rate (1.3%) was lower than that of children without caries(1.9%), there was no statistically significant difference (χ2=0.07, 0.82, P>0.05).  Conclusion  The problem of deciduous teeth caries in kindergartens in Zhag'yab is serious, and it is closely related to the occurrence of malnutrition and anemia. The prevention and intervention of dental caries in local children should be strengthened.
Study on risk factors of screening myopia among primary and middle school students in Hainan Province in 2021
BAI Hongmei, HUANG Xiaojun
2023, 44(8): 1242-1246. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.08.028
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  Objective  To analyze the screening myopia status and risk assessment of influencing factors among primary and secondary school students in Hainan Province in 2021, so as to providea reference for formulating myopia prevention and control intervention strategies and measures of school in Hainan Province.  Methods  According to the requirements of the national project monitoring plan, the stratified cluster random sampling method was used to investigate the myopia screening and related influencing factors in 5 monitoring points of common diseases monitoring of students in Hainan Province from September to December 2021, and 12 075 valid questionnaires were obtained for analysis. Using stratified random method, all samples were divided into training data set and test data set according to the ratio of 7∶3, and regression analysis was conducted to verify the robustness of the results.  Results  In 2021, the screening myopia detection rate of primary and secondary school students in Hainan Province was 44.3%, among which the screening myopia detection rate of students in the middle and good districts was higher (53.5%), that of students in urban areas (52.6%) was higher than that of students in suburban counties (34.9%), and that of girls (51.7%) was higher than that of boys (37.3%). The detection rate of Han students (47.7%) was higher than that of ethnic minorities, and the difference between groups was statistically significant(χ2=152.71, 378.77, 167.81, 251.94, P < 0.01); The detection rate of screening myopia increased with the increase of the school level(χ2=1 421.66, P < 0.01). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the results of the two sets of data were consistent, and being in a higher grade, daily frequency of eye exercises < 2 times, poor habit of short-distance use of eyes (lying or lying on the stomach reading or watching electronic screen), having one or both parents with myopia were positively correlated with screening myopia(P < 0.05). For boys, time spent doing homework/reading and writing after school every day < 2 h, time spent using mobile electronic devices per day < 1 h, students with 1 h and daily sleep duration≥9 h were negatively correlated with the incidence of screening myopia(P < 0.05).  Conclusion  The risk of screening myopia increases with the increase of school age in Hainan, and relevant departments should strengthen targeted intervention and prevention for students with high risk of screening myopia.
Epidemiological characteristics of injury deaths among children and adolescents in China, 2010-2020
LUO Xiaobo, ZHANG Li, WANG Wenju, YANG Junli, CHANG Yue
2023, 44(8): 1247-1251. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.08.029
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  Objective  To explore the epidemic characteristics of injury-related deaths in children and adolescents aged 1-24 years old in China from 2010 to 2020, so as to provide a basis for the formulation of policies and measures related to the control of injuries and deaths among children and adolescents.  Methods  The data were sourced from the China Death Cause Monitoring Dataset from 2010 to 2020. Annual percentage change (APC) and average annual percentage change (AAPC) of injury deaths in China in this age group during the period 2010 to 2020 were analyzed by Join point regression.  Results  From 2010 to 2020, the standardized death rate of injury showed a decreasing trend (AAPC=-6.90%, t=4.58, P < 0.01). The standardized death rates of male and rural injuries showed an overall downward trend, with AAPC rates of -8.37% and -7.79%(t=11.87, 10.34, P < 0.01). An increasing trend was observed in the 20-24 year-old age group during 2010-2018 (APC=18.11%, t=6.50, P < 0.01). The death rate from injuries was higher in males than females, and higher in rural areas compared with urban areas (χ2=16 483.64, 3 268.65, P < 0.01). A downward trend was observed in accidental falls and suicide, the overall standardized mortality rate of traffic accidents, accidental poisoning, fire, drowning, homicide and other injuries (AAPC=-10.22%, -6.21%, -7.50%, -7.94%, -9.01%, -10.97%, t=16.23, 7.29, 2.53, 9.32, 7.88, 4.58, P < 0.05).  Conclusion  From 2010 to 2020, the overall injury standardized mortality rate in the 1-24 year-old age group shows a decreasing trend, but it remains at a relatively high level. Prevention efforts should be continuously strengthened, especially for urban areas, and should focus on women and those aged 20-24 years old, as well as accidental falls and suicide prevention.
Quality of vision-related survival among primary and secondary school students with different myopia correction status
ZOU Congguang, WEI Ke, LI Houyuan, DENG Liya, XU Dewei, WANG Hong
2023, 44(8): 1252-1255. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.08.030
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Abstract:
  Objective  To analyse the influencing factors of myopia correction among primary and secondary school students with myopia and to compare the quality of vision-related survival of students with different correction conditions.  Methods  A total of 3 649 students from eight primary and secondary schools in a district of Chongqing were selected for myopia screening and vision-related survival quality questionnaires using a stratified cluster random sampling method.  Results  Univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in the rate of wearing eyeglasses among myopic students with different gender, school, educational stage, academic stress, and parenting style (χ2=10.98, 31.63, 31.86, 11.28, 9.59, all P < 0.05). The fully vision correction rate among students wearing eyeglasses differed in educational stage, academic stress and parenting style (χ2=11.77, 9.92, 8.69, all P < 0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that gender, school and educational stage were all influencing factors of the rate of wearing eyeglasses (all P < 0.01). Myopic students' total scores on the Quality of Survival Scale were significantly higher than those of non-myopic students (t=20.07, P < 0.01). There were significant differences in the scores of physical, emotional, visual and physical functioning and the total score of quality of survival scores among the three groups of myopic students without wearing eyeglasses, students with undercorrection and students with full vision correction (F=49.93, 49.38, 28.14, 67.31, P < 0.01).  Conclusion  Myopic students have low rates of wearing eyeglasses and fully vision correction. The rate of wearing glasses is different in urban and rural areas, gender and educational stage. The quality of life among myopic students is decreased by wearing eyeglasses, and the quality of life of undercorrected students is lower than that of fully corrected students. We should pay attention to the correction of myopia and improve the quality of life among myopic students.
Teaching environmental health in primary and secondary schools in Shanghai and its association with screening myopia applying multilevel models
QU Shuangxiao, YANG Dongling, HUANG Shenglei, QI Wenjuan, HUANG Yuting, HE Xiangui, WANG Jingjing, LUO Chunyan
2023, 44(8): 1256-1260. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.08.031
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Abstract:
  Objective  To understand the status of teaching environmental health in primary and secondary schools and explore its association with myopia, so as to provide a basis for precision myopia prevention and control.  Methods  From September to October 2020, a stratified cluster sampling method was used in 16 districts of Shanghai. After matching the teaching environment testing classrooms with the classrooms where the students were surveyed, totally 470 classrooms and 14 624 students were monitored. Trained professional technicians used laser range finder, luxmeter to measure parameters about teaching environmental health. Students were subject vision testing and questionnaires. Multilevel models was used to analyze the association between teaching environment and screening myopia.  Results  The qualified rates of each indicators of teaching environmental health were as follows: window to floor area ratio (93.0%), classroom area per capita (82.1%), uniformity ratio of illuminance of blackboard (79.7%), blackboard size (68.7%), daylight factor (67.0%), blackboard hanging height (66.9%), average illuminance on desk (66.4%), uniformity ratio of illuminance of desk (63.6%), reflectance of blackboard (46.8%), average illuminance on blackboard (41.4%), reflectance of wall (33.2%), desk and chair allocation compliance rate (19.8%). The results of two-level Logistic model analysis showed that unqualified average illuminance on blackboard was positively associated with screening myopia (OR=1.24, 95%CI=1.05-1.47, P < 0.05).  Conclusion  Teaching environmental health of primary and secondary schools in Shanghai is not optimistic, teaching environment especially the desk and chair allocation compliance rate need to be improved. The average illumination on blackboard is positively correlated with screening myopia, suggesting that myopia prevention and control can focus on improving the illuminance on blackboard.
A study on oral health status and behaviors of Chinese college students
GAO Linjing, WANG Daiyou
2023, 44(8): 1261-1265. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.08.032
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Oral diseases are the most important public health problems that have not received due attention, especially among college students. Based on the analysis of literatures on oral health status and behaviors of college students, the paper systematically summarizes the relevant research situation, points out the existing problems. Suggestions and countermeasures, such as attaching importance to the investigation and research on oral health of college students, improving the quality and level of scientific research on oral health of college students, exploring more effective comprehensive intervention measures for oral diseases and oral health education, should be implemented as projects are put forward, so as to provide basis for improving the oral health status of Chinese college students and promoting relevant research level.
Research progress in mechanisms of neuromuscular system regulation in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
ZHANG Chenjie, DONG Jingmei
2023, 44(8): 1266-1271. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.08.033
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Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a relatively common spinal health problem in the adolescents, whose pathogenesis remains unclear. AIS substantially affects the mind, intellect and body shape in children and adolescents. From a neurophysiological perspective, this article discusses progress in domestic and international research on the anatomical morphology, physiological function and neuromodulation of muscle metabolism in the nervous system in AIS, and analyses the dynamic balance in regulatory mechanisms of the neuromuscular system affecting spinal movement, which argues that an imbalance between the synergistic control of the central nervous system and the spinal neuromuscular system results in a series of kinetic compensatory responses of the spine, thus leading to AIS generation and/or development. This article is aimed at providing theoretical guidance for educational intervention approaches to address adolescent spinal health problems.
Effects of fragmented sleep on motor behavior and mental health among school-age adolescents
LIU Nan, LIU Haihong, YANG Zhijie, TAO Jiayu
2023, 44(8): 1272-1275. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.08.034
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As a new social phenomenon, fragmented sleep breaks through the limitations of time and space, and provides self-comfort for teenagers to learn entertainment at night, but the moderation of fragmented sleep must be studied. The paper ellucidates the essence of fragmented sleep, probes into the reasons, and optimizes sleep fragmentation in their school lives in the persepctive of adolescents' behaviors and mental health, so as to find out the targeted measures of policy support, family-school cooperation and exercise support.
Application progress of endocrine hormones in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
WANG Chenglong, WU Shuli
2023, 44(8): 1276-1280. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.08.035
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Abstract:
Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is the most common spinal deformity. With increasing incidence in recent years, it has become an important public health problem threatening the health of adolescents. Adolescence is an important period for accelerated human growth and development, and endocrine hormones will change significantly during this period. Studies have shown that melatonin, estrogen, vitamin D and leptin are closely related to the production and development of scoliosis. Exploring the role of endocrine hormones in the pathogenesis of AIS can provide a reference for the prevention and treatment of AIS.

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