中国学校卫生

2017, 38(4) doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.04.002

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2017, 38(4): 481-482. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.04.001

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Association between eating speed and metabolic syndrome of children and adolescents

LIU Huibin, DONG Yanhui, WANG Zhenghe, SONG Yi, MA Jun

2017, 38(4): 484-488. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.04.003

Abstract(297) PDF(7)

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Objective To evaluate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) of children and adolescents in 6 provinces and cities in China,to analyze the relationship between eating speed and MS,and to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control strategies of metabolic disease of children and adolescents.Methods A total of 12 958 children and adolescents from 6 provinces and cities of China participated in physical examination,questionnaire survey and blood biochemical tests.The difference between MS and sex,age were evaluated by using t test,and the association between eating speed and MS was evaluated by using multiple Logistic regression model.Results The prevalcncc of MS of children and adolescents aged 7-17 was 4.2% in 6 provinces and cities in China,more boys were detected with MS than girls(x2 =13.65,P<0.05),and the rate increased with the increase of age (x2 =31.26,P<0.05).Abdominal obesity were diagnosed as the commonest MS(22.7%).All the physiological and metabolic indexes showed significant trend from slow eating speed to fast eating speed (P<0.05),except for blood glucose.Results from multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that eating speed was significantly associated with MS and some metabolic abnormalities,and abdominal obesity was of greatest relevance to eating speed.In both boys and girls,slow eating speed was the protective factor of MS(OR=0.311,95%CI=0.199-0.487;OR=0.497,95%CI=0.304-0.814).In Boys,slow eating speed was a protective factor for abdominal obesity,hypertension,low HDL-C,high TAG,while slow eating speed was a protective factor for central obesity,low HDL-C and high TAG in girls.After further adjustment for BMI,all associations disappeared.Conclusion Slow eating speed is a protective factor for MS and some metabolic abnormalities.Attention should be paid to the development of eating habits in the diet intervention among children and adolescents.

Status and analysis of influencing factors of salt related knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) among students caregivers in four cities

GONG Weiyan, DING Caicui, CHEN Zheng, ZHANG Yan, GUO Haijun, LUAN Dechun, LIU Weijia, LI Xiaohui, WU Xiaomin, LIU Ailing

2017, 38(4): 489-493,497. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.04.004

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Objective To investigate the status of salt-related KAP and analyze the influencing factor of salt reduction behaviors among students caregivers in four cities,and to provide scientific evidence for salt reduction strategies and improvement of nutrition status among families and students.Methods A stratified random cluster sampling method was used to recruit a total of 12 787 students' caregivers from Guangzhou,Wuhan,Chengdu and Shenyang.A questionnaire survey was used to collect information about knowledge of salt and health.Logistic regression model was used to explore influencing factors of salt reduction behaviors.Results The proportion of students' caregivers who know recommended intake of salt,sodium affecting health,effect of high-salt diets on high blood pressure,the low sodium salt,salt-reduction-spoon,nutrition labels,sodium as a compulsory content of nutrition labels,high salt favor,and high salt foods were 46.4%,45.5%,76.0%,71.8%,66.7%,79.8%,38.0%,3.7%,0.9%,respectively.As shown in multivariate logistic regression analysis,the 0R(95%CI) of education and knowing the salt intake recommendations which affects the behaviors of salt reduction,such as using low sodium salt,salt-reduction-spoon,choosing low salt foods were 1.811(1.631-2.01),1.143(1.03-1.269),1.297(1.133-1.486),1.561(1.363-1.789),1.280(1.172-1.398),1.175 (1.076-1.283),respectively.Conclusion The knowledge of salt and health among students caregivers from 4 cities was limited.The behavior of salt reduction is not optimistic.The nutrition and health education on sah-related knowledge should be conducted when implementing salt reduction program to guide the caregivers to reduce salt intake and prevent chronic diseases.

Effect evaluation of knowledge, attitude and practice on floating children's drowning intervention model in Ningbo city

LI Hui, ZHU Yinchao, ZHANG Tao, CHEN Jieping, HUANG Yaqin, DING Ke

2017, 38(4): 494-497. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.04.005

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Objective To explore the intervention model of drowning prevention for the floating children and to provide scientific basis for the preventive measures.Methods The children of migrant workers from 1st to 9th grade in the two urban districts were selected as the experimental group and control group respectively.In the experimental group,the health education based on health-promoting ecological model was provided.Meanwhile,integrated preventive strategies about social mobilization and environmental improvement were carried out,while the normal health education was implemented in the control group.After two-year comprehensive intervention of drowning floating children,the effect of knowledge,attitude and practice was evaluated.Results After the intervention,the drowning-related awareness rate and the rate of having correct concepts in the experimental and control groups were all increased significantly compared with those before the intervention(P<0.01),but the improvement was much higher in experimental group than in the control one.The incidence rate of drowning-related high-risk behavior in the experiment group after the intervention (7.3%) was obviously lower than that before the intervention(11.4%) (P<0.01),while there was no significant difference in the control group before and after the intervention(8.4% & 7.7%).The morbidity of non-fatal drowning in the experiment group after the intervention was 4.8%,lower than that before the intervention(13.1%) (P<0.01),while there was no significant statistical difference in the control group before and after the intervention(8.1% & 7.7%).Conclusion The modal of intervening drowing comprehensively based on ecological approach made some effects,which can be further taken as a reference for preventing the floating children from drowning.

Physical exercises and daily diets between left-behind and non-left-behind junior high students in Fenghuang County

XIONG Jingmei, ZHANG Tiancheng

2017, 38(4): 498-501,504. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.04.006

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Objective To understand the current situation of physical exercises and daily diets among left-behind junior high students in Fenghuang county of western Hunan province,and to provide reference for physical education in schools in minority ethnics.Methods A total of 1 348 middle school students were taken randomly at different levels from Fenghuang County to answer questionnaires about Chinese health-related behaviors among teenagers.Results For physical exercise 3-4 times per week,non-left-behind students (16.56%) reported more than left-behind students (11.87%).For physic exercise less than 30 minutes,left-behind girls (89.72%) reported more than non-left-behind girls (81.52%).For physical exercise with families,urban non-leftbehind students (8.80%) reported more than urban left-behind students (2.35%).For physical inactivity,non-left-behind students (25.07%) reported more than left-behind students (16.16%).All the differences were of statistical significance (P<0.01).Left-behind boys (73.61%) reported more on no access to milk.Non-left-behind students (31.88%) were higher in monophagia than that of left-behind (21.18%).Rural non-left-behind students (30.61%) had higher reporting rates on frequent sweet food than rural left-behind students (24.07%).All the differences were of statistical significance (P<0.01).Conclusion Intervention programs should be proposed regarding physical activity and unhealthy diets among left-behind junior high school students in Fenghuang County,as well as appropriate health education.

Food supply in schools provided with Nutrition Improvement Program for Compulsory Education Students in 2015 in Xi'an

LIU Ping, ZHANG Feng, WU Xiaoyan, LIU Dong

2017, 38(4): 502-504. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.04.007

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Objective To evaluate the food supply in schools covered by the Nutrition Improvement Program for Compulsory Education Students,and to provide the reference to nutritional surveillance and nutrition improvement program.Methods About 10%-20% primary and junior middle schools provided with Nutrition Improvement Program from 6 districts were selected randomly.Foods were assessed by weighed food records in 2015.Results A total of 58 schools were surveyed.A variety of food the school reported were classified,including grain products,meats,poultry,vegetables,bean products and vegetable oil.Food type varied from 8 to 41 in diffident schools.Compared with the recommendation,rates of short supply of cereals,eggs,soy products were 47.6%,74.1% and 74.1%,respectively.Statistical difference was significant in supply of 6 types of food(P<0.05).No significant statistical differences were found by season,district and school level(P>0.05).Conclusion Food supply in school cafeteria in Xi'an should be further improved,including dietary supervision from relevant departments.

Prevalence and risk factors of screen time among preschool children in Yangzhou

WANG Lei, ZUO Xiaoyu, DONG Lei, SUN Lei, CHEN Yunxiao, WU Xiaoyan, TAO Fangbiao, YU Weiping

2017, 38(4): 505-508. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.04.008

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Objective To investigate screen time status 3 to 6 years old preschool students in Yangzhou,and to describe the risk factors of screen time >2 hours.Methods A total of 2 531 children were selected from 7 kindergartens with clustering sampling and surveyed with a questionnaire and physical examination.Screen time status and family factors were investigated by using questionnaires.The family factors included the parents' age,education,health,family structure,birth outcomes,etc.Results The prevalence rate of screen time >2 hours from Monday to Friday per day was 19.3%,Saturday to Sunday per day was 39.3%,per day for one week was 28.2%.Children in the 3 age group,normal weight group,parent ≥35 age group,BMI 18.5-23.9 kg/m2 group,bachelor degree and above group,only child group were used as reference groups for the logistic regression model.Mother recent BMI ≥24 kg/m2(OR=1.33,95%CI=1.01-1.75) and below bachelor degree(OR=2.15,95%CI=1.67-2.77) were the risk factors of screen time >2 hours per day from Monday to Friday.Children at age 4 to 6(OR=1.53,95%CI=1.20-1.95;OR =1.88,95%CI=1.49-2.40;OR =1.95,95% CI=1.48-2.56),obesity(OR =1.34,95% CI =1.07-1.67),father's age below 35(OR=1.30,95%CI=1.05-1.61),mother recent BMI≥24(OR=1.32,95%CI=1.04~ 1.67),parent education level below bachelor degree (OR =1.37,95% CI =1.12-1.68;OR =1.90,95% CI =1.56-2.33),non-only child (OR =1.32,95%CI=1.06-1.64) were the risk factors of screen time >2 hours per day from Saturday to Sunday.Children in the 5 age group(OR=1.29,95%CI=1.01-1.67),obesity(OR=1.32,95%CI=1.05-1.66),father's age below 35(OR=1.44,95%CI=1.15-1.81),mother recent BMI ≥ 24 kg/m2 (OR =1.43,95 % CI =1.12-1.83),parent education level below bachelor degree (OR=1.27,95%CI=1.03-1.57;OR=2.10,95%CI=1.67-2.60) were the risk factors of screen time >2 hours per day for one week.Conclusion Children's age,obesity,father's age,mother recent BMI,parent education level,non-single child are the important factors associated with Yangzhou preschool screen time.

Association of eating behaviors with overweight/obesity among pupils

WANG Di, LI Qin, GAO Aiyu, CHENG Lan, CHENG Yu, WANG Haijun

2017, 38(4): 509-511,515. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.04.009

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Objective To explore the association of eating behaviors with overweight/obesity among children,and to provide evidence for family-school based child obesity prevention and control.Methods By using cluster random sampling strategy,1 785 children in grade 3 to 5 were selected from 12 primary schools in urban area of Beijing.The height and weight were measured.The information regarding bowl size used at home and eating speed was collected through questionnaire survey,as well as eating behaviors.The association of bowl size and eating speed with overweight/obesity in children was analyzed through unavailable analysis and multivariable logistic regression.Results The prevalence of overweight/obesity was higher in boys than in girls (47.8% vs 25.6%,x2 =94.54,P<0.001) and there existed statistically significant differences in prevalence of overweight/obesity among different sizes of bowls at home (x2=6.75,P=0.009) and between eating speed groups(x2=57.33,P<0.01).After adjustment for the effects of other factors on childhood overweight/obesity,multivariate logistic regression showed that using bowls smaller than that of adults(OR =1.55,95%CI=1.14~ 2.11,P=0.005) and eating faster than same age and same gender classmates(OR =2.50,95%CI=1.51~4.16,P<0.01) were risk factors for overweight/obesity in children.Conclusion The relative size of bowls used at home and eating speed are associated with overweight/obesity in children.Appropriate size of bowls for meal and no fast eating should be considered in formulating possible interventions to prevent childhood overweight/obesity.

Possible impacts of sex education attitude of parents on adolescent's sex related knowledge acquisition

QIN Kaiyang, TANG Yonglong, WENG Lingling

2017, 38(4): 512-515. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.04.010

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Objective The present study is to explore the impact of sex education attitude of parents on adolescents' sex knowledge acquisition,and to explore mediational role of self-esteem and adolescents sex education need.Methods Sex Education Attitude Questionnaire,Sex Education Need Questionnaire,Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (Chinese version) and Sex Knowledge Questionnaire were administrated to 2 279 students from 10 senior and junior high schools in Chongqing.Results All factors are positively correlated except "parent-child sex-related discussion with adolescents' pregnancy and contraception related knowledge and sex behavior.There was the significant partially mediating effect of sex education need and self-esteem in the association of parental sex education with adolescents' sex related knowledge acquisition,in both partial model (x2/df=9.56,NFI =0.98,IFI =0.98,TLI=0.97,CFI=0.98,GFI =0.99,RMSEA =0.06 for sex education need;x2/df=7.79,NFI =0.99,IFI =0.99,TLI =0.98,CFI=0.99,GFI=0.98,RMSEA =0.06 for self-esteem) and independent model (x2/df=5.53,NFI=0.99,IFI=0.99,TLI=0.99,CFI=0.99,GFI=0.98,RMSEA =0.05).Conclusion Positive parents' sex education attitude promotes adolescents'self-esteem,which promotes sex education need and results in increased acquisition of sex related knowledge.

A survey of oral health related behavior among 10-12-year-old children in Guangzhou City

LIN Rong, LIU Wei, XIONG Lihua, LIN Lin, LIU Weijia, GUO Chongshan, CHEN Kuncai

2017, 38(4): 516-518,522. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.04.011

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Objective To understand oral health behavior among 10-12 years old children in Guangzhou City,and to give references for corresponding health care projects.Methods Participants were selected by stratified random sampling method.Selfadministered questionnaires were implemented among 19 071 pupils aged 10-12 years from 149 schools in September 2014.Results About 60.3% children brushed teeth twice or more per day,33.2% reported had heard about fluoride toothpaste,and 44.73% reported having used.Nearly 27.11% of students had used dental floss,71.50% had received pit and fissure sealant to prevent dental caries.Only 30.97% of children visited dentists during the past year.Children from urban area reported higher rates of teeth-brushing twice per day,dental floss usage,pit and fissure sealant filling,and visiting dentists than children from rural area (P<0.01).Children from rural area reported higher rate of fluoride toothpaste used than children from urban area (P<0.01).The distribution of reasons for visiting dentists were different between urban area and rural area (x2=130.911,P<0.01).More urban area children visited dentists for regular dental examinations and preventive measures than rural area children with 7.66% visited dentist to treat bleeding gums.And 42.13% reported having ignored toothache.Conclusion In addition to vigorously promote the fissure caries prevention treatment,propaganda of fluoride should be strengthened.More attention should be paid to oral health education among children,parents and school staff,with especial focus on rural area students.

Analysis of the effect of parental accompanying reading on early literacy ability of kindergarten children

YAO Huilin, LI Jie, ZHOU Li, WANG Nannan, WANG Ruiping

2017, 38(4): 519-522. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.04.012

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Objective To analyze the relationship between parental accompanying reading and early literacy ability cultivation among kindergarten children,and to provide basis for the future cultivation of children's literature reading ability.Methods Multi-stage sampling was used to select 1 class of each grade from 4 kindergartens in Songjiang district of Shanghai,amounting to 12 classes,and all qualified kindergarten children and their parents in these 12 classes from 389 families were interviewed by questionnaires.Results The mean age of 389 kindergarten children'was(4.73± 1.12) years old.Literacy capacity test of "Chinese Children Development Scale for 3-6 Years" (CCDS) demonstrated that the mean score of kindergarten children's literacy capacity was 16.89 ± 1.71,and the reading comprehension test of "Watermelon and Ants" picture book (WA) indicated that the mean score of kindergarten children's reading comprehension was(12.32-±2.46),girls had better literacy ability in comparison with boys,and the reading comprehension ability and literacy ability increased with the age(t=-l1.41,F=18.93,P<0.05).About 75.59% of investigated parents engaged in their children's reading.Parents' participation in children's reading,creating special reading environment were factors that influenced children's pre-school literacy ability,the score of parental accompanying reading was positively correlated with the comprehensive score of children's pre-school literacy ability (r =0.62,0.74,0.43,P<0.05)(r =0.43,P<0.05),CCDS score (r=0.62,P<0.05) and WA score(r=0.43,P<0.05).Conclusion Parental accompanying reading was positively correlated with children's pre-school literacy ability.

A survey on recognition and application of food nutritional labels among middle school students in Minhang District of Shanghai

TANG Hongmei, FANG Hong, ZHAO Lifang, WEN Xiaosa, TIAN Xiuhong

2017, 38(4): 523-525,529. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.04.013

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Objective To understand the recognition,attitude and application of food nutritional labels among the middle school students of Minhang district of Shanghai and to provide scientific basis for the development of intervention measures about the health education of targeted nutritional labels.Methods With the method of stratified random sampling,514 students from 4 public middle schools of Minhang district were selected to have a questionnaire survey on their recognition and application of food nutritional labels.Results Among the respondents,74.1% knew the food nutritional labels and 25.9% of respondents did not know the food nutritional labels.83.9% of students thought that the nutritional labels were necessary.The average total score of knowledge about nutritional labels in students was (15.61±4.86),which belonged to the "middle and lower" level.47.3% of respondents often read the nutritional labels,30.9% of students often referred to the nutritional labels while purchasing food.There were significant statistical differences in the proportion of students' reading between different grades,gender and kinds of nutritional labels(x2 =16.802,5.344,17.667,P<0.05).The reading proportion of junior high school students was higher than that of senior high school students and the reading proportion of boys was higher than that of girls,and the students who got higher score of nutritional labels related knowledge had the higher proportion of reading.Conclusion The proportions of reading,understanding and application of nutritional labels were low in middle school students.It was suggested that targeted activities of health education about nutritional labels were carreied out in middle schools,especially for the senior high school students and female students.

Influence of maternal parenting on injury proneness among school children

TANG Ying, HAO Zhihong, HU Ruijie, XING Yumei, MA Zifang, XUE Zhongyu, WANG Li

2017, 38(4): 526-529. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.04.014

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Objective To explore the influence of maternal parenting on unintentional injury proneness among schoolchildren,and to provide the theoretical basis for the personalized intervention of high-risk groups.Methods A total of 2 854 students of grade 4 and 5 from 10 primary schools in 6 urban areas and 4 rural areas in Taiyuan city were selected by using stratified random cluster sampling method,and they were surveyed with questionnaire.Results Totally 109 children with injury proneness were screened out and the incidence rate was 3.8%.The falling injury was ranked highest among all types of children unintentional injury proneness.There are gender differences in excessive interference / overprotection,refusing to deny,severe punishment and spoiling the subjects(x2 =7.680,7.171,7.277,4.492,P<0.01).The Logistic stepwise regression analysis showed that:parenting style of excessive interference/overprotection and severe punishment were risk factors for children who had proneness of unintentional injury (P<0.05).Conclusion Maternal parenting for children has significant influence on the proneness of unintentional injury,and bad parenting will increase the incidence of injury proneness.In the course of injury intervention,we should pay attention to the influencing factors of mothers.

Analysis on influencing factors of health risk behaviors of Wuling Mountainous middle school students

ZHANG Yong, YANG Qi, ZHANG Tiancheng, ZHANG Fulan, HANG Jin'e

2017, 38(4): 530-533,537. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.04.015

Abstract(324) PDF(4)

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Objective To understand the health risk behaviors status and influence factors among middle school students in rural areas of Waling mountainous,and to provide reference for making intervention.Methods A survey on health risk behaviors among 1 091 hierarchically and randomly selected middle school students in rural areas about such items as lack of physical exercises,unsafe place to swim non-reporting,suicidal ideation,smoking,drinking,and internet addiction.Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors of health risk behaviors.Results The report rate of lack of physical exercise,non-secure place for swimming,dietary bias,current smoking,current drinking,psychological dependence,suicidal ideation reported rates were 70.49%,64.62%,26.86%,21.81%,26.76%,15.58% and 18.24 %,respectively;Logistic regression analysis showed that junior high school students were more prone to dietary bias,psychological dependence,while non-high school students were likely to happen non-secure place for swimming,suicidal ideation.Girls were prone to dietary bias,lack of physical exercise,suicidal ideation,boys smoking easily occur,psychological dependence,non-secure place for swimming.Only children was the risk factor of dietary bias(OR=1.55),loneliness was the risk factor of dietary bias(OR=1.70),non-secure place for swimming(OR=1.45),suicidal ideation(OR=1.54) psychological dependence was the risk factor of dietary bias(OR =1.71),suicidal ideation(OR =1.87).Conclusion All these results prominently reveal that there are serious problems among middle school students in rural areas and schools should carry out relevant health education as early as possible.

Investigation on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and related anxiety among middle school students

CHENG Fang, HU Zhenyu, JING Pan, CHENG Xia, WANG Xiaojia, HU Shasha, WANG Beini, ZHANG Wenwu

2017, 38(4): 534-537. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.04.016

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Objective To investigate the occurrence and correlationof attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) and anxiety symptoms for middle school students in Ningbo,and to provide references for effectively promoting the psychological education among children and adolescents.Methods The stratified random cluster sampling method was used to extract 2 274 students from 4 middle schools in Ningbo city.The self compiled questionaire,the SNAP-Ⅳ rating scale and the self-rating anxiety Scale (SAS) were used to investigate.Results A total of 2 218 valid questionnaires were collected.The positive rate of anxiety was 14.8%,of which 11.1% were mild,2.7% were moderate and 1.1% were severe,the positive rate of attention deficit hyperactivity was 5.7%,the positive rate of attention deficit was 4.4%,the positive rate of hyperactivity / impulse was 1.4%.The light,medium and severe anxiety ratio of the attention deficit symptoms positive group were 24.7%(24/97),8.2%(8/97),3.1%(3/97),respectively;and the light,medium and severe anxiety ratio of the hyperactivity symptoms positive group were 20.0%(6/30),10.0%(3/30),33.3%(1/30),respectively;The severity of attention deficit symptoms and anxiety were positively correlated(r=0.129,P<0.01),the severity of hyperactivity symptoms and anxiety were positively correlated(r =0.063,P< 0.05).Conclusion The students with high score of the attention deficit hyperactivity symptoms have a high incidence of anxiety,and the attention deficit symptoms with high score have a higher incidence of anxiety,and it suggests that the intervention of anxiety should be one of the directions for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity symptoms.

Mediating effect of social support on relationship between childhood neglect and technical school students of serf-injury

ZHANG Shanshan, ZHANG Ye

2017, 38(4): 538-541. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.04.017

Abstract(345) PDF(15)

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Objective To explore the mediating effect of social support on the relationship between childrenhood neglect and technical school students' self-injury.Methods Totally 814 college students(449 males and 365 females,aged 16 to 20) from five technical schools in Liaoning Province were assessed with the Childhood Neglect Scale(CNS),Juvenile Self-injury Scale and Juvenile Social Support Scale.The regression analysis and Bootstrap method were used to test the mediating effect of social support in the relationship between childhood neglect and self-injury.Results The total scores of CNS and the scores of five factors were significantly negatively correlated with social support (r=-0.442--0.195,P<0.01),bur the scores of self-injury were significantly positively correlated with social support (r=0.241,0.419,P<0.01).The total of social support was significantly negative correlated with self-injury (r=-0.237,P<0.01).The childhood neglect could predict positively technical school students' self-injury (β =0.418,P<0.01).Social support mediated partially the relationship between childhood neglect and self-injury and the value of mediating effect was 8.41%.Conclusion Social support plays a mediating role between childrenhood neglect and technical school students' self-injury.

Exploratory study on the daily curve of cognitive fatigue of college students

LI Yanling, WU Xiaoling

2017, 38(4): 542-545. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.04.018

Abstract(332) PDF(9)

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Objective To develop a measure for cognitive fatigue and to assess cognitive fatigue among college students with different intelligence quotient (IQ) and Temperament.Methods Intelligence and temperament was tested among 33 college students who are preparing for the postgraduate entrance examination.Cognitive fatigue at 10 different time points in one day was assessed respectively.Results During morning (7:30 to 11:20),cognitive fatigue gradually decreased,while during afternoon (14:20 to 18:20),initial decrease of cognitive fatigue was followed by significant increase.Cognitive fatigue among college students with high IQ was higher than college students with low IQ.Chronic fatigue scores higher in each time points among college students in choleric temperament group,compared with other three groups.Variation of chronic fatigue was smallest among students in plethora group,highest in despondent group.Conclusion The college students' cognitive fatigue is affected by time points,IQ and temperaments.

A comparative study of attitude towards mental illness public stigma between university students in mainland China and Taiwan

ZHANG Meng, DENG Huijun

2017, 38(4): 546-549. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.04.019

Abstract(307) PDF(7)

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Objective To compare attitude towards mental illness public stigma between university students in mainland China and Taiwan,and to provide references for mental illness destigmatization.Methods A cross strait survey was conducted among 326 university students in mainland China and 362 university students in Taiwan.Results There were significant differences between university students in mainland China and Taiwan in responsibility attribution,fear,anger,sympathy and help dimensions of mental illness public stigma(t =5.746,3.179,2.899,3.583,6.250,P<0.01).The responsibility attribution model of both mainland China and Taiwan fit well (model parameter of mainland China:x2/df=1.617,GFI=0.994,NFI=0.979,CFI=0.992,RMSEA =0.044,CN =477.000);model parameter of Taiwan:x2/df=1.881,GFI =0.997,NFI =0.996,CFI =0.998,RMSEA =0.049,CN=575.000).Conclusion Comparing with university students in Taiwan,university students in mainland China tend to attribute responsibility to mental illness patients,and with more fear,more anger,less sympathy,as well as less help to mental illness patients.There is difference of responsibility attribution model for mental illness stigma between students in mailland China and Taiwan.

Association between aggressiveness, cooperative and competitive personality among middle school students in Guizhou Province

LU Xiaoling, LI Haijun, WANG Rongyan, REN Wenjing, ZHANG Yan, XIE Yixin, YU Ge

2017, 38(4): 550-553. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.04.020

Abstract(323) PDF(4)

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Objective To explore associations between aggressiveness with cooperative and competitive personality among middle school students.Methods All the students from 6 schools in Guizhou Province were selected by a stratified random cluster sampling.The Buss Aggressive Scale (BAS) and the Scale of Cooperative and Competitive Personality (CCPS) was implemented among 1 478 students.The implicit association test (IAT) was carried out among 110 students.Results Boys had higher explicit aggressiveness and competitive personality than girls (t=2.004,2.232,P<0.05),girls had higher implicit self-aggressive beliefs than boys (t =2.468,P<0.05).Senior middle school students had higher explicit aggressiveness than junior middle school students (t =-2.425,P<0.05).There was no statistical age difference in implicit aggressiveness.Explicit aggressiveness scores were negatively correlated with cooperative personality(P<0.01),positively correlated with competitive personality(P<0.01).No significant correlations between implicit aggressiveness,cooperative and competitive personality were found.Conclusion Explicit aggressiveness closely correlates with cooperative and competitive personality among middle school students.

Research on the relationship between resilience and life satisfaction among college students

OUYANG le, ZHANG Xiujun, WANG Liya, HU Chengyang, LI Fengli, WANG Chengcheng, TONG Fei, ZHU Qiyu

2017, 38(4): 554-557,561. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.04.021

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Objective To understand the present situation of college students' resilience and life satisfaction,and to explore the relationship between resilience and life satisfaction among college students.Methods By stratified cluster sampling method,we conducted questionnaires among 2 502 college students from 5 universities in Hefei,and let them completed the Young Students Life Satisfaction Scale and the Adolescent Resilience Scale.Results The total score of resilience among college students was(3.43±0.43).The resilience level of female students was significantly higher than that of male students(t =-3.416,P=0.001);The resilience level of five-grade students was significantly lower than that of freshman,sophomore,junior and senior students(F=9.113,P<0.01);The resilience level of college students from the town area was significantly lower than that of the students from urban and rural areas(F=5.544,P=0.004).The score of life satisfaction among college students was(4.75±0.78),and the score of college students who were not in love was significantly higher than those in love(t =-2.05,P =0.04).The score of life satisfaction among college students who are in the orphan family was significantly lower than that of both two-parents parent family and singleone-parent families(F=3.906,P=0.02).There was a significant positive correlation between the resilience and life satisfaction of college students(P<0.01).Regression analysis showed that the resilience(F=1 538.2,P<0.01,R2=0.381) and its each dimensions(F=340.9,P<0.01,R2=0.406) had significant positive predictive effect on life satisfaction.Conclusion The resilience of college students can predict life satisfaction,it can better can help to promote the mental health and enhance the life satisfaction and happiness.

Tuberculosis prevention and control in middle school and college in Tianjin

PANG Xuewen, LI Xiaorong, FU Yanyong

2017, 38(4): 558-561. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.04.022

Abstract(239) PDF(10)

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Objective To understand the current situation of tuberculosis prevention and control in middle school and college,and to provide evidence for further improvement of the strategy of school tuberculosis prevention and control.Methods Selfdesigned questionnaires were used to investigate the middle school and college under the jurisdiction of the municipal education commission.The qualitative data were analyzed by Chi-square test or Fisher's exact probability method for statistical tests.Results The organization and leadership of TB prevention and control work was well in all the 152 colleges and universities surveyed,but there were some deficiencies in the aspect of health care institutions and personnel equipped:93% (142/152) of the colleges and universities are equipped with a health care institutions (including the school clinic,health room,hospital,etc.) and health care workers,the ratio of the number of students and health care personnel equipped was 1 430,which was higher than the relevant state standard.The degree of full-time health care employee was mainly junior college degree (50.36%,207/411),and the proportion of medical background and qualifications of medical practitioners were 79.32% and 57.66% respectively,it remains to be improved.Although the routine TB prevention and control measures of those schools were carried out well,there were still nearly 20% of colleges and universities could not carry out student absenteeism due to illness tracking;More than 10% of them could not ensure the implement the entrance examination and nearly 30% could not ensure the implement the physical examination of the medical students.There was statistical difference in the proportion of physical examination (new students,students) between those schools (P<0.05).More than 10% of schools could not carry out close contacts screening timely after discovering a TB cases.There was no statistical difference(P>0.05).The proportion of implement medical leave/reentry management due to tuberculosis was 77.97% and have statistical significance(P<0.05),of which the proportion was obviously low in high school (55.56%).Conclusion The overall condition of TB prevention and control work in middle school and college is sound,but we still should continue to strengthen health care personnel team construction and the implement of the prevention and control measures,particularly in the aspect of physical examination,close contacts screening and leave/reentry management due to tuberculosis,to ensure the school tuberculosis epidemic smoothly.

Analysis of the changing trend of physical quality of adolescents aged 7-18 in Shanghai from 2000 to 2014

WANG Xiangjun, YANG Yang, WU Yanqiang, PENG Ningning

2017, 38(4): 562-566. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.04.023

Abstract(351) PDF(3)

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Objective To study on condition and changing tendency of the physical quality among children and adolescents aged 7-18 in Shanghai,and to provide references for improving the levels of students' physical fitness and health.Methods LMS method was used to fit the curve of 50 th percentile of the physical quality index of 2000,2005,2010 and 2014 of children and adolescents aged 7-18 in Shanghai,and the long-term trend of the physical quality of children and adolescents,including the changing rule and the gender differences,were analyzed.Results The index scores of 50 th percentile gripping,50-meter running and anteversion on seat(girls) were improved(P<0.05).The gripping power of boys and girls were improved by 3.13 and 3.15 kg,respectively.The score of anteversion on seat was promoted by 0.8 cm on average.However,the index scores of of 50 th percentile of tanding long jump,slanting pull-up(boys),pull-up(boys),1-minute sit ups (girls),50 m×8 running,1 000 m endurance running(boys),800 m running (girls) and anteversion on seat (boys) were decreased(P<0.05),and the scores of standing long jump of boys and girls were decreased by 11.0 and 8.59 cm,respectively,and the scores of endurance running of boys and girls were decreased by 2.75 and 2.34 s,respectively.Conclusion The adolescents in Shanghai show downtrend in their lower limb explosive strength,muscle endurance,aerobic endurance.Therefore,it is necessary to take targeted measures.

Relationship between menarche or first spermatorrhea among high and primary school students and parental age at birth in Chongqing

HE Fang, WANG Hong, PENG Linli, CHENG Xuting, WANG Lingyi, JIANG Jiajia

2017, 38(4): 567-569. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.04.024

Abstract(393) PDF(2)

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Objective To analyze the relationship between menarche or first spermatorrhea among high and primary school students and parental age at birth,and to provide a theoretical basis for early pubertal development research and health education.Methods By random stratified and cluster sampling,7 285 students(3 649 boys,3 636 girls)from two areas in Chongqing urban districts were enrolled,boys' first spermatorrhea,girls' menarche and their parental age at birth were studied.Statistics analysis system included description statistical analysis,t test,Multiple linear regression.Results Mean age of first spermatorrhea was 13.14 y,The boys in rural was 0.2 years earlier than urban(P=0.613);the average age of menarche was 12.43 years,but no significant difference between rural and urban(12.42 vs 12.45,P=0.003);there was no significant difference between maternal age at birth and menarche or first spermatorrhea.Each year increase in paternal age showed a 0.034y (Rural:0.019,P=0.024;Town:0.048 y,P=0.000) earlier onset of menarche in daughters and a 0.025 y (Rural:0.013,P=0.818;town:0.029 y,P=0.027)earlier onset of first spermatorrhea in sons.Conclusion A older paternal age at birth may be a risk factor for early first spermatorrhe,menarche of their offspring.

Epidemical characteristics of school public health emergency in Shaanxi Province during 2004-2015

ZHOU Ticao, ZHANG Zhicheng, ZHANG Yi, DENG Yong, CHAI Zichao, CAO Lei, CHEN Sa, ZHU Ni, LI Guangzhi, LIU Feng

2017, 38(4): 570-572. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.04.025

Abstract(326) PDF(4)

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Objective To analyze the epidemical characteristics of school public health emergencies in Shaanxi Province.Methods The descriptive epidemiological method was conducted to analyze the school public health emergencies reported by Shaanxi Province from 2004 to 2015.Results A total of 357 events of public health emergency were reported in Shaanxi Province,among those 77.3% (276/357) were school incidents.About 66.7% of all these school incidents were moderate level,and 31.2% were ungraded level.84.8% were respiratory infectious diseases,including mumps (31.9%),influenza (21.7%) and chickenpox (20.7%);followed by intestinal infectious disease (8.3%),mainly Hand-Foot-Mouth disease (3.3%) and other infectious diarrhea (2.9%).After 2010,incident report rate was relatively stable,and the peak of school public health emergency during each year was from March to June (50.4%) and September to December (43.1%).More than half of events took place in primary schools (54.0%),followed by kindergartens (13.4%).About 57.3% of school events reported in rural areas.70.3% of the events were reported by medical institutions,4.0% were reported by schools and only 6.9% reported by public health staffs.Nearly 70.1% of the events were reported within 2 hours,68.1% of respiratory infectious diseases and 73.9% of intestinal infectious diseases were reported within 2 hours,respectively.Conclusion Schools are most common places where public health emergencies occur.Prevention strategies should focus on rural and primary schools,as well as respiratory infectious diseases.

A case control study on risk factors of school-based tuberculosis clustering

FANG Yirong, NIU Wenke, LU Qiaoling, ZHAO Mengqin

2017, 38(4): 573-575. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.04.026

Abstract(293) PDF(10)

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Objective To determine risk factors of school-based clustering outbreak of tuberculosis (TB) and to provide evidence for tuberculosis prevention and control.Methods A case-control study was conducted in 9 schools with clustering of TB patients as case group and 37 schools which only single TB patient without TB clustering as control group in Shaoxing city from 2011 to 2015.Risk factors of TB clustering in school were analyzed between the two groups.Results The time interval between first case and initial report was (80.89 ± 76.82) days in case group and 27.81 ± 24.28 days in the control groups (t=3.58,P=0.01).The time interval between first case and initial report to the CDC was (81.11 ± 76.69) days in case groups and (28.29 ± 24.32) days in the control (t=3.64,P =0.01).Time interval between first case and investigation was (82.00± 76.88) days in case group and (30.37±24.88) days in control group (t =3.49,P=0.01).There was no significant differences in morning check-up,absence registration,reasons tracing,suspended students returning to school,infectious disease emergency response plan,and infectious disease reporting system between the two group.No significant differences in terms of physical examination of students,PPD screening,the school doctor,full-time school doctor,infectious diseases school training for doctor,health education of infectious disease prevention were found between two groups.Conclusion Delayed diagnosis and report correlates with TB clustering in school.Early detection and report on first TB case is key for the prevention of school-based TB clustering.

Analysis of virulence genes in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from a pediatric population

LAI Huihua, WANG Xiaolin, LI Shunming, CHEN Qiuling, CHEN Sidong, YE Xiaohua

2017, 38(4): 576-578,582. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.04.027

Abstract(255) PDF(5)

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Objective To determine the molecular epidemiology and presence of virulence genes in Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) isolates from primary school students in Guangzhou.Methods Nasal swab samples were collected from healthy primary school students in Guangzhou.The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was applied to test the virulence genes from S.aureus strains.Results Overall,40.1% and 1.2% of the isolates were classified as S.aureus and methicillin-resistant S.aureus (MRSA) among 1 012 primary school students,respectively.The leading toxin genes were hlb,sak,scn,chp and sep genes in S.aureus,followed by seA,seB and seC genes.The frequency of chp,seB,seC and pvl genes was higher in MRSA than in methicillin-susceptible S.aureus (MSSA) (P<0.05).The coexistence of two or three virulence genes was higher in MRSA than in MSSA(P <0.05).Conclusion The relative high frequency of S.aureus and its virulence genes among healthy primary school students in Guangzhou warrants further attention considering the potential pathogenic ability of MRSA.

Analysis of status and influencing factors of hypertension of students in College Entrance Examination in Guilin

QIN Yongsheng, LIN Tao, ZHAI Rongzhen, LIANG Lin

2017, 38(4): 579-582. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.04.028

Abstract(317) PDF(4)

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Objective To investigate blood pressure levels,the prevalence of hyper-tension andthe influencing factors of adolescents of Han,Zhuang and Yao minorities in Guilin,and to provide references for effectively preventing hypertension.Methods A total of 22 356 students who attended the college entrance examination in Gulin were required to receive physical examination,and the blood pressure levels,prevalence of hypertension and the influencing factors of the adolescents from the three ethnic group were compared.Results SBP of the boys and the girls in urban areas,suburban areas and the countryside were (116.7± 10.0),(114.6± 11.6),(113.7±11.2) and (105.1± 9.3),(106.3-±11.0),(106.9-±10.5) mmHg,respectively,and DBP were (70.8±6.8),(71.7±8.2),(71.3±8.1) and (66.5±5.6),(68.2-±7.8),(68.0±7.4) mmHg,respectively.The blood pressure levels of boys were higher than those of girls and the blood pressure levels of the students in suburban areas were higher than those of the students in urban areas and the countryside(P<0.05).The blood pressure levels of Yao adolescents were higher and prevalence of hypertensionwas 36.4%.The mean value of SBP and DBP was (110.3± 12.5) mmHg and (70.6±8.6) mmHg.The blood pressure levels of Han adolescent were lower and prevalence of hypertension was 16.4%(P<0.05).The obese group (42.8%) >overweight group (24.5%) >normal weight group (19.1%) (P<0.05) were diagnosed with hypertension.Conclusion Ethnic minorities,living environment and obesity are closely related to hypertension rates.The key to prevent hypertension is controlling overweight and obesity of the teenagers.

Surveillance and analysis on injuries of 15 002 school students in Dalian

ZHOU Yiheng, WANG Xiaofeng, MEI Dan, CHEN Yang

2017, 38(4): 583-585,588. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.04.029

Abstract(256) PDF(6)

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Objective The study aimed to assess the incidence and prevalence of injury among school students in Dalian,in order to provide scientific basis for making appropriate intervention measures.Methods All injured students visited emergency rooms in 3 injury surveillance sentinel hospitals for the first time from 2006 to 2014 in Dalian were collected and analyzed.Results Totally 15 002 cases of injured students were collected,of which 71.0% were male and 29.0% were female,with sex ratio of (2.4:1).The injuries occurred mostly in school (37.8%),public place (17.9%) and road/street (17.6%).The peak time of injury were 12pm and 5pm in one day.Fall was the leading cause of injuries (40.1%),followed by blunt injury (25.8%),cutting (15.6%).The damage mostly occurred in the upper limbs,lower limbs and head.The most common types of injury were bruise/scratch injury (45.7%),sharp/open injury (24.4%) and strain injury (18.8%).Most injuries were minor injury (81.5%),followed by moderate injury (17.8%) and severe injury (0.7%).82.7% of the injury was accidental,intentional injury accounted 16.0% and self-injury accounted 0.6%.Conclusion Effective safe education should be carried out to reduce the occurrence of injury for the sake of child and adolescent health.

The eruption caries and fissure sealant on the first permanent molar among children aged 7-9 years old in Henan Province

LI Fengjuan, HE Jian, YANG Biansheng, SUN Jing, WANG Xu

2017, 38(4): 586-588. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.04.030

Abstract(272) PDF(11)

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Objective To survey current situation of eruption,caries and fissure sealant on the first permanent molar among children aged 7-9 years old in Henan province,to provide the basis for oral health.Methods Data were from Information System of Oral Disease Comprehensive Intervention Project among Chinese Children in Henan Province collected in 2015.Results The eruption rate was 86.7%,the caries prevalence was 26.8%,and the mean DMFT was 0.6 of the first permanent molar among children aged 7-9 years old in Henan.The dental caries filling rate was 5.2%.The girls' caries prevalence rate (31.3%) was significantly higher than boys'(23.1%) (x2 =569.894,P<0.05).The caries prevalence in urban area (32.3%) was significantly higher than those in rural children(18.0%) (x2 =1 663.925,P<0.05).The number of per capital sealing tooth was 3.3.Sealing rates of the first permanent molar in boys (95.1%) was lower than that of girls'(95.8%) (x2 =55.083,P<0.05),and sealing rates in the rural area (96.3%) was higher than in urban area (94.7%)(x2=251.108,P<0.05).Conclusion Oral health is not optimistic among children in Henan Province,with relatively high dental caries rate and low filling rate.The oral health awareness among children and their parents should be further improved.

2017, 38(4): 589-591. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.04.031

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2017, 38(4): 592-594. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.04.032

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2017, 38(4): 594-595. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.04.033

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2017, 38(4): 596-598. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.04.034

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2017, 38(4): 598-600. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.04.035

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2017, 38(4): 601-604. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.04.036

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2017, 38(4): 604-606. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.04.037

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2017, 38(4): 607-609. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.04.038

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2017, 38(4): 609-611. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.04.039

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2017, 38(4): 612-614. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.04.040

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2017, 38(4): 615-616. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.04.041

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2017, 38(4): 617-620. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.04.042

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2017, 38(4): 620-622. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.04.043

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2017, 38(4): 623-626. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.04.044

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2017, 38(4): 627-629. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.04.045

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2017, 38(4): 629-633. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.04.046

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2017, 38(4): 634-637. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.04.047

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2017, 38(4): 637-640. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.04.048

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2017 Vol. 38, No. 4