2018 Vol. 39, No. 4

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2018, 39(4)
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Evaluation of nutrition improvement for students in poverty-stricken areas with big data platform
FANG Jin, ZHAO Chen, XU Jingqiu, SHI Lijia
2018, 39(4): 481-484. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.04.001
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By using Sunlight School Meals data platform,Nutrition Improvement Programme for Rural Compulsory Education Students (NIPRCES) in 100 national pilot counties were monitored and assessed,in order to achieve precision assessment and precision guidance,and guarantee better nutrition for rural students in poverty-stricken areas.The valid application of Sunshine School Meal data platform in program assessment suggests significant improving effects of accurate and timely public disclosure of NIPRCES data.It's suggested to apply the big data platform to the related field of child development,comprehensively monitoring child development,and ultimately promoting better nutrition for students in poverty-stricken areas.
Efforts to promote innovation-driven development of school health and health education
FAN Zemin, LIU Lijing, YANG Haijun
2018, 39(4): 485-489. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.04.002
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Since 18th National Congress of the Communist Party,China has made significant progress in the field of school health and health education,in terms establishment of the institutional framework,constantly improving health education,disease prevention and control,which provides valuable experience and insights for the future.Despite all progress made,there is also an urgent need to outline essential tasks and specific requirement in strengthening and promoting school health and health education in the new era,to comprehensively analyze challenges and basic problems,and could ultimately boost China's soft power and meet the goals of the Healthy China plan.
Attitude of college students towards physical exercise based on the Health Action Process Approach Theory
ZHANG Chichen, ZHAO Huining, LU Jiao, LIU Yongju, JIN Zhenzhen, HOU Lihong, LI Mimi, XUE Yaqing
2018, 39(4): 490-494. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.04.003
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Objective To investigate the college students' attitude toward physical exercise in Shanxi,and to lay foundations for the promotion of college students' physical exercise and the implementation of related behavior intervention.Methods A total of 932 college students were selected from 5 colleges and universities in Shanxi Province by stratified random cluster sampling,and a questionnaire in physical exercise stage was provided to them by using the scale of physical exercise attitudes.EpiData 3.1 and SPSS 20.0 were employed to collect and analyze the effective data.Results Among all the respondents,the number of students in the intention stage(303) were the largest,while students in the maintenance phase(73) took the smallest proportion.The college students got a highest overall score in their attitude toward physical exercise (242.72±28.44),which showed that they were positive in exercise,but their scores of behavioral controls(22.14±4.75),subjective standard(17.38±3.41) and failure anxiety (13.80±4.23) were lower than the scale average.The scores of boys were significantly higher than girls in three dimensions:behavioral habit,behavioral intention and behavioral control(t=4.663,3.908,6.780,P<0.05).Girls had a higher objective attitude,behavioral cognitive and failure anxiety than boys(t =-2.181,-3.848,-2.533,P<0.05).In the dimension of behavioral cognitive,the class of 2014 was significantly lower than that of the other grades(F=3.830,P<0.05).There were of no statistical significance of the different scores between urban and rural area,of BMI attitudes toward physical exercise(P>0.05).The scores of overall scale and dimensions in behavioral attitude,objective attitude,behavioral habit,behavioral intention and emotion experience were increasing from the pre-intention stage to the maintenance stage(P<0.05).Conclusion In view of the actual conditions of students and characteristics of schools,and different psychological and behavioral characteristics of individual at various behavioral stages,the relevant departments should take appropriate intervention to ensure the formation and maintenance of their healthy behaviors,and to lay a foundation for their physical condition.
Association between different types of obesity and blood pressure among children and adolescents in Ningxia
SUN Lijiao, LIU Shanghong, LI Jing, CAO Juan, ZHAO Haiping
2018, 39(4): 495-497. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.04.004
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Objective To analyze the association between different types of obesity and blood pressure among children and adolescents in Ningxia,and provide a reference for the prevention and control of high blood pressure among children and adolescents.Methods Data of 2014 National Survey on Students' Constitution and Health of Ningxia was used to analyze the association between different types of obesity and blood pressure.A total of 11 260 children and adolescents were included into the analysis according to the screening criteria.Results The total detection rate of obesity among children and adolescents in Ningxia was 5.2%.The detection rate of different types of obesity was 9.5%,0.5% and 4.7%,respectively.And the total detection rate of hypertension was 13.8%.The partial correlation results suggested that BMI,waist circumference were positively correlated with SBP and DBP(r=0.509,0.515,0.372,0.384,P<0.01),and the change trend of SBP and DBP in different obesity types was as follows:combined obesity>abdominal obesity>general obesity>normal weight.The detection rates of hypertension in different types of obesity were 11.1%,24.2%,14.0%,41.9%,respectively.When compared with normal weight children,combined obesity had the highest risk of elevated blood pressure,followed by abdominal obesity,the odds ratios were 5.8(4.8-7.0),4.4(2.1-9.5),2.3(1.8-2.8),respectively.Conclusion Obesity is one of the risk factors for elevated blood pressure in children and adolescents;combined obesity was more associated with high blood pressure.And the prevention of obesity should give the priority to the prevention of high blood pressure among children.
Health literacy among parents of primary school students in Shanghai
CAO Zhijuan, WANG Shumei, QU Shuangxiao
2018, 39(4): 498-500,505. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.04.005
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Objective To evaluate health literacy among parents of primary school students in Shanghai.Methods A total of 1 912 pupils from 4 primary schools in Shanghai urban area and 1 371 pupils from 2 primary schools in suburb area were selected by convenient sampling method.The Chinese Citizens Health Literacy Questionnaire was implemented among parents among all participants during September and October in 2015.Results Among all the parents surveyed,21.6% of them possessed health literacy.Parents with higher education levels possessed higher health literacy.35% parents with master education level possessed health literacy,and the figure was only 11% among parents with "junior middle school or below".About 24.56% local Shanghai and foreign national parents possessed higher health literacy,compared with parents whose children registered out of Shanghai(16.69%).In addition,only 0.27% parents could identify all safety signs properly;only 7.58% parents were aware of diseases infected through mosquitoes,flies,mice and cockroaches properly and 10.94% parents were able to avoid sharing towels with others.Conclusion It's necessary to promote health literacy among parents with low education background and migrant workers.
Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and its influencing factors among school children of Beijing, Hunan and Ningxia
CHENG Yiming, WANG Nan, DING Ziyao, LI Liubai
2018, 39(4): 501-505. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.04.006
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Objective To examine the correlates of sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption in Chinese schoolchildren.Methods A cross-sectional study on the SSB consumption and its determinants was carried out among 4 087 10-18-year-old Chinese schoolchildren from Sep.2012 to Jan.2013.Participants were recruited through stratified cluster sampling from 21 primary and middle schools of Beijing,Hunan and Ningxia as representative samples of the eastern,central and western China.A structured self-administered questionnaire was used for collecting information on demographic,SSB consumption as well as gender,age,residential region,weight status (non-obese and overweight or obese),parents' education,family social economic status (SES),family SSB availability,daily screen viewing time and attitude towards SSB.All the determinants were taken into consideration according to the Social-ecology theory and Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB).Multiple linear regression analyses were used for examining the independent association.Results Data of the 4 165 participants aged 12.9±2.3 years old were used for analysis.The weekly SSB consumption was 7.1±10.3 cups (250 mL/cup) per capita (the average of the total sample including non-drinkers) and 8.9±10.8cups per consumer (who consumes more than 0 ml of SSB per week),respectively.Boys [β =-0.079,95% CI =(-0.114,-0.045)],longer daily screen time [β=0.131,95%CI=(0.096,0.165)],easier access to SSB at home [β=0.218,95%CI=(0.183,0.253)],higher SES score [β =0.164,95%CI =(0.126,0.203)],negative attitude towards SSB consumption [β =-0.190,95%CI=(-0.225,-0.155)],lack of health consciousness [β=-0.099,95%CI=(-0.134,-0.064)] and low self-control [β=-0.210,95%CI=(-0.244,-0.175)] contributed to more SSB consumption (R2 =0.262).Conclusion Being boys,longer daily screen time,higher SES,negative attitudes towards SSB consumption and easier access to SSB at home associate with more SSB consumption in Chinese schoolchildren.
Association between screen time and overweight and obesity among middle and primary school students in Fangshan District of Beijing city
AN Meijing, CHEN Tianjiao, MA Jun
2018, 39(4): 506-508. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.04.007
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Objective To explore the association between screen time and overweight and obesity among children and adolescents in a week,on weekdays and weekends,and to provide a reference for improving overweight and obesity of primary and middle school students.Methods By the method of stratified cluster sampling,16 schools (4 urban middle schools,4 rural middle schools,4 urban primary schools,4 rural primary schools,respectively) located in Fangshan district were selected.Students were required to record their daily physical activity,height and weight for seven days.The association between screen time and their overweight and obesity during the whole week,weekday and weekend were analyzed.Results The prevalence of overweight and obesity among the participants was 32.28%,2.13% of students reported their screen time in weekday was over 3 hours.But in weekend,16.10% of students' screen time achieved more than 3 hours.Compared with students whose screen time was less than 2 hours,those with screen time in the whole week higher than 2 hours or 3 hours were at 1.388 or 1.590 times risk of being overweight and obesity,controlling for the available confounders.In the same way,those with screen time in weekday higher than 2 hours or 3hours were at 1.553 or 1.775 times risk of being overweight and obesity,controlling for the available confounders.But the similar association was not observed in the weekend.Conclusion Screen time more than 2 hours in weekday and the whole week is the risk factor for overweight and obesity among children and adolescents.The students' screen time between weekday and weekend are different which worth more attention.
Status of vitamin A among students from rural areas in Guizhou Province 2014-2016
LIU Yiya, HE Linjuan, ZHANG Xiaoqin, LI Xin, ZHAO Songhua, LEI Shiguang
2018, 39(4): 509-511,515. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.04.008
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Objective To understand the intake of dietary vitamin A in primary and secondary school students from areas benefited from China's Nutrition Improvement Programme for Rural Compulsory Education Students in Guizhou Province.Methods The multi-stage stratified random cluster sampling was carried out in Dejiang and Puding areas,which have benefited from Improvement Programme in Guizhou Province from 2014 to 2016.Vitamin A level among children in primary and secondary schools were assessed by high performance liquid chromatography method.Results The deficiency rates of vitamin A was 3.05%,4.44% and 0.42% in the year 2014,2015 and 2016,respectively;and the subclinical deficiency rates was 44.5%,48.2% and 20.0%,respectively.Vitamin A deficiency and subclinical vitamin A deficiency showed no differences by sex.Primary school students had higher prevalence in vitamin A deficiency and subclinical vitamin A deficiency than middle school students.Primary and secondary school students in Dejiang area had higher prevalence of vitamin A deficiency and subclinical vitamin A deficiency than Pudding students.Conclusion Through implementing the Nutrition Improvement Programme for Rural Compulsory Education Students,significant improvement in vitamin A level among primary and middle school students in Guizhou Province is found in 2016 compared with 2014 and 2015.The deficiency rate of vitamin A in primary school students was higher than that of middle school students.Students in Pudding areas has better vitamin A level than students in Dejiang area.
Analysis of association between dietary patterns and body mass index of first grade students in Shenzhen
MENG Fanshun, CHEN Dingyan, WU Yu, XIE Hongwei, ZHOU Li
2018, 39(4): 512-515. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.04.009
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Objective To study the dietary habits of first grade school-age children and to investigate their correlation with body mass index in Shenzhen.Methods According to the principle of stratified cluster sampling,33 primary schools were selected in Shenzhen in 2016,and all the first grade students in the primary schools were surveyed.A total of 6 733 questionnaires were issued and the effective number was 6 089.The parents of self-administered questionnaires carried out to ask for a total of 14 kinds of food intake frequency,and to analyze the dietary behavior.Multiple linear regression models were used to analyze the association between dietary behaviors and BMI values in children.Results The overweight rate of the first grade male students in Shenzhen was 10.8%,the obesity rate was 15.1%,the overweight rate of female students was 8.9%,and the obesity rate was 9.1%.The overweight and obesity rate of male students was higher than that of female students(x2 =6.587,43.747,P<0.01).And the overall rate of obesity is higher than overweight.A total of 5 dietary patterns were extracted:high-fat and high-sugar habit,prudent habit,high protein habit,vegetables and fruits habit,and tonic habit.The variance contribution rates of the five dietary patterns was 24.47%,17.04%,7.56%,7.02%,6.89%,and respectively the five dietary habits totally reflect 62.92% characteristics of the 14food-groups.High-fat and high-sugar habit may increase the risk of overweight and obesity,relatively prudent habit is a protective factor for overweight and obesity.Conclusion There are different dietary patterns and characteristics among school-age boys and girls in Shenzhen.High-fat and high-sugar habit is the main dietary behavior,and it is related to obesity.Active measures should be taken for early intervention.
HIV-related knowledge and sexual behavior among college students in Tianjin
WANG Zhenyu, LIU YI, FAN Song, YU Maohe, ZOU Huachun
2018, 39(4): 516-518. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.04.010
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Objective To understand the current status of HIV-related knowledge and behaviors among college students in Tianjin,and to provide reference for the promotion of HIV-related health education.Methods A cross-sectional online study was conducted among college students in Tianjin in November 2016 by using anonymous questionnaires.Results A total of 10 138 college students were recruited.The overall awareness rate of HIV-related knowledge was 71.0%,1 532 (15.1%) respondents reported previous sexual experiences,among whom 51.4% always used a condom with their sex partner.And 28.2% had their first sexual intercourse before 18 years of age,and the rate of male students was higher than that of female students (33.2% vs 22.0%,x2 =16.904,P<0.01),the rate of undergraduate was higher than that of postgraduates (33.6% vs 28.2%,x2 =4.216,P<0.05),the rate of students from Tianjin was higher than that of those not(35.1% vs 27.9%,x2 =6.955,P<0.05).About 1.8%(180) students had sought sex partners in the past 12 months,among whom 27.8% did not use a condom with their last casual sex partner.About 1.6% (81) of boys had sex with a male partner in the past 12 months.Conclusion College students in Tianjin are lack of a general idea of HIV-related knowledge,and part of them had risk sexual behaviors implying potential HIV transmission.It is needed to strengthen HIV-related health education and behavior intervention at colleges.
Effect of menarche on quality of life among adolescent girls in Chongqing
YANG Jingwei, WANG Hong, HE Fang, PENG Linli, RAN Min, DIAO Hua
2018, 39(4): 519-521,525. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.04.011
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Objective To investigate possible influences of menarche on quality of life.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect information on quality of life,age at menarche among 1 690 adolescent girls selected through stratified cluster sampling from 8 schools (4 primary schools,4 middle schools) in Chongqing.Results Mter adjusting confounding factors (age),menarche has significant effects on physical and social dimension,as well as total quality of life (F=6.10,11.13 and 5.36,P<0.05).When age was included as an concomitant variable,partial correlation analysis showed that age at menarche has no correlation with quality of life.Health education,active learning by themselves and through parents associated with higher quality of life (β =0.120,0.130,0.120,P<0.05) only among girls had menstrual period.Conclusion Menarche has significant impact on quality of life among adolescent girls.Future specific intervention should be developed to improve quality of life among this population.
Validity of three-day physical activity recording tools among adolescents with arranged schedule
YAN Wenjing, LI Hongjuan
2018, 39(4): 522-525. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.04.012
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Objective To develop a three-day physical activity recording tools suitable for young people in China by using accelerometer as the gold standard.Methods This study was conducted among 148 high school adolescents aged 12-17 years (70boys and 78 girls) in Beijing.All the adolescents were provided with the recording tool together with the ActiGraph GT3X + Accelerometer and returned it back a week later.Re-issue the recording tool to fill in the reliability test.Spearman correlation and the Bland-Altman graph was used to evaluate the association between the recording instrument and accelerometer.Retest reliability was evaluated by intra-class correlation coefficient.Results Spearman coefficient between the recording tool and the accelerometer was 0.246-0.557(P<0.05).Brian-Altman's consistent analysis showed that the consistency of MPA,VPA and MVPA results was 94.59%,95.27% and 93.24%,respectively,showing high validity.The intra-class correlation coefficients of the average daily metabolic equivalents (METS) between the two measurements were higher than 0.7,indicating good reliability of our recording tool.Conclusion The three-day physical activity recording tool developed in this study has good reliability and validity,and can be used to investigate the large-scale physical activity of adolescents.
Mediating effect of self-esteem in the association of loneliness and cyberbullying among middle school students
YUAN Bo, ZHANG Ye, ZHANG Shanshan
2018, 39(4): 526-528,532. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.04.013
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Objective To understand the relationship between loneliness and cyberbullying among middle school students and possible mediation of self-esteem.Methods Cyberbullying Behavior Questionnaire,the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale and UCLA Loneliness Scale were implemented among 934 middle school students from 4 secondary schools in Liaoning province.Results There were statistically significant differences in score of loneliness,self-esteem,cyberbullies/cybervictims in gender and grade (both P<0.01).Cyberbullies/cybervictims negatively correlated with self-esteem (r=-0.29,-0.20,P<0.01),and positively correlated with loneliness (r=0.24,0.20,P< 0.01).There was a positive correlation between cyberbullies and cybervictims(r =0.63,P<0.01).Self-esteem played partial mediation role in the association between loneliness with cyberbullies/ cybervictims (x2/df=4.989,CFI=0.971,TLI=0.957,RMSEA=0.065,SRMR=0.192,AIC=97.852,BIC=165.604;x2/df=3.498,CFI=0.978,TLI=0.969,RMSEA=0.052,SRMR=0.146,AIC=78.465,BIC=141.378).Conclusion Loneliness has both direct and indirect effects,through self-esteem,on cyberbullies/cybervictims.
Regulation of strength training on autonomic nervous function in obese male adolescents
FAN Pengqi, WANG Chenyu
2018, 39(4): 529-532. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.04.014
Abstract(381) PDF(7)
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Objective The present study was to explore the regulative role of strength training on autonomic nervous function of obese male adolescents in order to provide evidence for special exercise prescription.Methods Twenty-four male simple obese adolescents were randomly divided into rest control group (n=12) and strength training group (n=12).Subjects of ST group performed 8-week strength training intervention while those of RC group maintained their normal life.Before and after experiment,heart rate,heart rate variability (HRV),blood pressure (including SBP and DBP),blood pressure variability (BPV),as well as baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) were determined.Results Before the test,all indicators of two groups had no difference (P>0.05).Mter the test,compared within-group,DBP (pre:77±5 mmHg,post:72±4 mmHg,P<0.05),BPV TP (pre:40.3±6.4 mmHg2,post:32.8±5.5 mmHg2,P<0.01) and BPV.LFn (pre:28.6±3.7 mmHg2,post:19.4±3.9 mmHg2,P<0.01) reduced while other parameters including heart rate,SBP,HRV and BRS had no significant difference in ST group;there were no significant differences of all indicators in RC group (P>0.05).Compared between-groups,DBP (ST:72±4 mmHg,RC:78±4 mmHg,P<0.01),BPV TP(ST:32.8±5.5 mmHg2,RC:42.1±5.9 mmHg2,P<0.01) and BPV LFn (ST:19.4±3.9 mmHg,RC:25.2±5.5 mmHg,P<0.01)in ST group were lower than those of RC group.Conclusion Strength training of 8 weeks improved sympathetic vasoconstrictive nerve modulation in obese male adolescents.
Mediating effects of social self efficacy and social satisfaction on mobile social network use and communication anxiety in adolescents
QIN Jiangxia, JIANG Yongzhi, BAI Xiaoli
2018, 39(4): 533-536,539. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.04.015
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Objective To explore the mediating effect of social self-efficacy and social satisfaction on the mobile social network use and social anxiety,and to explore the path of using mobile social network to improve the social ability of adolescents.Methods A total of 2 056 students from 11 secondary schools and universities were surveyed by the mobile social network overuse questionnaire,the impact factor questionnaire of mobile social network use preference and the interaction anxiety scale,the statistical analysis was carried out by SPSS 18.0 and bias correction non-parametric percentile Bootstrap confidence interval method.Results There was a significant positive correlation between the use of mobile social network and social self efficacy and social anxiety(r=0.354,0.315,P<0.01),and there was a significant positive correlation between social self-efficacy and social satisfaction(r=0.224,P<0.01).The use of mobile social network had a positive predictive effect on social anxiety(β=0.187,P<0.01),social self-efficacy and social satisfaction had a negative predictive effect on interaction anxiety(β=-0.370,-0.090,P<0.01).The relationship between the use of mobile social network and social anxiety can be mediated through two indirect paths,which were social self efficacy,social self efficacy and social satisfaction (direct effect=0.152,95%CI=0.119-0.185).Conclusion The use of mobile social networks can reduce the social anxiety,improve social communication ability through social self-efficacy and social satisfaction.
Intervention on mental health of transfer middle school students
LIU Hongyan, SHI Yaojiang
2018, 39(4): 537-539. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.04.016
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Objective To explore the effective way of mental health education for transfer middle school students,and to provide reference for school mental health education.Methods A cluster randomized sampling of 52 junior high schools.A total of 173 transfer students were selected and divided into two groups:intervention group and control group.Mental Health Test (MHT)was implemented before and after the intervention.Results Before intervention,no significant difference on MHT score were found between the two groups (P>0.05).After one-semester intervention,transfer students in the intervention group scored 35.46 in MHT,which was significantly lower than that of control group (P<0.05).After two-semester intervention,the gap of MHT scores between the two groups increased to 5.89 (P<0.05).Significant decreasing trend was found in the anxiety level among intervention group.Conclusion Mental health intervention seems effective alleviating anxiety symptoms among transfer middle school students.
Relationship between depressive symptoms and salivary awakening cortisol concentration in adolescents
GUO Ce, DUAN Xiaonan, LAI Yaping, HU Jingjing, XU Geng, MENG Xiuhong, SUN Ying
2018, 39(4): 540-542,545. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.04.017
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Objective To investigate the association between depressive symptoms and early morning awakening salivary cortisol levels,and to provide reference for effectively controlling and preventing depressive symptoms among adolescents.Methods A total of 1 552 students in grade 3 to 5 from 3 primary schools in Ma'an shan were recruited.Saliva was collected immediately on awakening.Cortisol concentration was analyzed by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Depressive symptoms were assessed by Mood and Feelings Questionnaire-Child version(MFQ-C).Body mass index was calculated after physical examination.A questionnaire survey was conducted by collecting information on physical activity,screen time,sleep duration,parental education,pubertal development,as well as household economic status.Logistic regression model was used to evaluate the association between the depressive symptoms and salivary awakening cortisol concentration in adolescents.Results Among all the 861 boys and 691 girls,the detection rate of depressive symptoms was 16.4%,the median cortisol concentration of depression group (374.38 ng/mL) was higher than that of non-depression group(339.42 ng/mL),with statistical significance(u=29.38,P<0.01).Compared to cortisol concentration in P25-P75 group,adolescents with cortisol level ≤ P25 group had lower rate of depressive symptoms(OR =0.52,95%CI=0.35-0.78),adolescents with cortisol level ≥P75 group had higher rate of depressive symptoms(OR =1.47,95%CI=1.07-2.01).Conclusion High concentration of awakening cortisol in adolescents is associated with higher risk of adolescent depressive symptoms among adolescents.
A survey of mental behavioral problems of Preschool children in Hefei
WANG Yan, YIN Gangzhu, GUO Feng, DING Jing, YAO Houqiong
2018, 39(4): 543-545. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.04.018
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Objective To examine the general situation of the mental health problems of preschool children in Hefei,and to provide reference for taking preventional measures in early stage.Methods A survey of 2 407 preschoolers in 8 kindergartens in rural and urban areas of hefei was investigated by the method of stratified cluster random sampling.The Conners Parents Symptom Questionnaire(PSQ) was used to collect information about the mental health status of preschool children.Results Totally 19.40%(467/2 407) children were detected to have psychological behavior problems,and the highest rate was the learning problem (10.51%),followed by the rate of psychosomatic problem(9.31%),detection rate of being ill-behaved(3.49%) and rate of ADHD (2.83%).The incidence of child psychological behavioral problems in rural areas was higher than that in urban areas(x2 =44.35,P<0.01),and the incidence of boys was significantly higher than that of girls(x2 =155.18,P<0.01).Conclusion The detection rate of psychological behavior of preschool children in Hefei was similar to that in other parts of China.We must pay more attention to the mental health problems of preschool children.
Association between family environment and childhood schizophrenia
CAO Nana, YAN Fang, GUO Dongmei
2018, 39(4): 546-548,553. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.04.019
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Objective To investigate the association between family environment and personality characteristics in children with schizophrenia.Methods During January 2015 to January 2016,100 children diagnosed with schizophrenia from Xinxiang Children's Psychiatric Hospital,as well as their parents,were investigated Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS),the Big Five Personality Questionnaire (simplified),Parenting Style Questionnaire,Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Questionnaire.100 healthy control children and their parents were recruited from nearby communities and investigated with the same questionnaire.Correlation between schizophrenia symptoms and family environmental characteristics was analyzed.Results About 62%of child schizophrenia was paranoid subtype,followed by youth (16%),simple (6%) and undifferentiated subtype,with average duration (14.62±10.24) months.Mean positive and negative score of PANSS was (20.08±4.96) and (38.02±8.27),respectively.Extraversion and openness to experience in personality traits was significantly higher in schizophrenia group than the control group (P<0.05).Fathers of the observation group scored lower in acceptance,respect,tolerance,encouragement,warmth,discipline control and expectation while mothers scored lower in democracy,respect,understanding,warmth,discipline control and expectation,compared with that of the control group.Children with schizophrenia reported higher ideal intimacy,dissatisfaction on actual intimacy and adaptability than the control group.Adaptability was significantly lower in observation group than the control group.18children with schizophrenia came from extreme families,compared with 7 cases in control.Nearly half (48%) of the observation group were intermediate family,compared with 21% in the control group.About 66% of children with schizophrenia came from extreme and intermediate families.Conclusion Children with schizophrenia differ from healthy peers in personality traits,parenting style and family environment.It may be helpful to develop family-based parenting intervention aiming to provide children with more warmth and intimacy.
Survey on current situation and harm cognition of passive smoking among junior students in Qingdao city
GENG Meiyun, JIA Xiaorong, LI Shanpeng, WANG Yani, LIN Peng, QU Yanbing, YU Zhenshi, WANG Rui, QI Fei
2018, 39(4): 549-553. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.04.020
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Objective The study aims to understand current situation and awareness on health effects of passive smoking among junior students in Qingdao city,in order to provide some effective reference and scientific evidence for making tobacco-control policy in special fields and reinforcing tobacco-control of special group.Methods The Global Youth Tobacco Survey core questionnaire was conducted among 6 155 junior students selected from 44 junior middle schools by multi-stage stratified cluster sampling from September to November 2014,to understand the current situation and harm cognition of passive smoking among junior students in Qingdao city.Results The survey showed that 54.8% of junior students were exposed to passive smoking,with percentage of junior students living in urban area (60.4%) higher than that in rural area (49.9%).The highest rate of passive smoking in different public places in the past 7 days was public transportation (11.7%),followed by at home (29.6%),indoor (36.1%) and outdoor(40.5%).In the past 30 days,32.1% junior school students were witness of smoking in schools,of which,6.0 percent of junior students saw teachers smoking in schools every day.About 81.1% of junior students agreed that passive smoking was harmful to health,with 60.6% and 62.0% separately supporting the smoking ban in indoor and outdoor public places.Conclusion The current situation and harm cognition of passive smoking needed to be improved urgently among junior students in Qingdao city.We should take effective measures to decrease the use of tobacco and the exposure of passive smoking,and to make great efforts to establish a smoke-free environment.
Follow-up survey on associated factors for depressive, anxiety and obsessive compulsive symptoms among students from a key high school
LIU Xiaoyu, GUO Ying, CHEN Yuanyuan, WANG Yichao, WANG Wei, ZHANG Hongbo, WANG Jun
2018, 39(4): 554-556,559. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.04.021
Abstract(370) PDF(3)
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Objective To investigate the prevalence of depressive,anxiety and obsessive compulsive symptoms and to examine possible influence of psychological resilience,perfectionism and parental rearing style on these psychological symptoms among students from a key high school.Methods A total of 1 417 grade one high school students without depression,anxiety and obsessive-compulsive symptoms at baseline which was evaluated by center for epidemiological survey depression scale,self-rating anxiety scale and yale-brown obsessive-compulsive scale,respectively.Psychological resilience,perfectionism and parental rearing style were assessed at baseline and after 12 month later.Results Incidence of at least one psychological symptom was 19.6%(278/1 417).Results from cox regression indicated that lower scores of resilience scale and paternal emotional warmth in Egna Minnen Barndoms Uppfostran and higher score of negative perfectionism were risk factors for psychological symptoms occurrence among high school students.Conclusion The incidence of depressive,anxiety or obsessive-compulsive symptoms is almost one-fifth among high school students,calling for strategies to strengthen students' psychological resilience and reduce their negative perfectionism.
Study on use of psychoactive substances for non-medical purposes among adolescents
XIAO Hui, LI Lan, WU Lei
2018, 39(4): 557-559. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.04.022
Abstract(257) PDF(9)
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Objective To understand the current situation of juvenile drug abuse in Jiangxi Province,and to provide basis or reference for the prevention and intervention of the drug abuse.Methods A self-designed questionnaire survey was conducted among juvenile drug addicts (15-25 years old) from 4 drug rehabilitation institutes in Jiangxi province.Results Among the 426 adolescent drug abusers,male (86.38%),junior high school degree (62.44%),unemployed (61.27%) and unmarried (80.05%) accounted for the main part.In the past 12 months,the prevalence of the drug use for non-medical purposes and the frequency of synthetic drug use in the abuse of active substance were both higher than that of traditional drugs,among which methamphetamine was of the highest proportion(69.95 per cent for male and 67.84 per cent for female);The average age of initial drug abuse was 18.27±2.15 years;The main way to use it is to burn (60.80%).The route was provided by the company (73.71%);Most drug abuse was found in hotel/restaurant (50.47%),and the main reason was the pursuit of euphoric/simulative (40.38%).Conclusion Attention should be paid to the synthetic drug abuse among young people and active drug use for non-medical purposes,especially among those who are young,less educated,unemployed and unmarried males.
Relationship between boredom proneness with refusal self-efficacy and tobacco and alcohol use among college students
LIU Yong, WANG Yunlong, ZHAO Jianfang, MENG Fanqi, JIANG Yongzhi
2018, 39(4): 560-562. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.04.023
Abstract(331) PDF(7)
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Objective To explore the relationships among boredom proneness with refusal self-efficacy,as well as tobacco and alcohol use among college students.Methods A total of 1 530 students from Heilongjiang Province were investigated by filling out Boredom Proneness Questionnaire for College Students,Refusal Self-efficacy Scale as well as Tobacco and Alcohol Use Questionnaire.Results Prevalence of smoking among college students was 10.19% (156/1 530),and drinking was 48.04% (735/1 530),with male significantly higher than female(x2 =111.97,270.08,P<0.01).Boredom proneness positively correlated with tobacco and alcohol use.Refusal self-efficacy negatively correlated with boredom proneness and tobacco and alcohol use.Refusal selfefficacy mediated the association between boredom proneness and tobacco and alcohol use behaviors(x2/df=3.87,CFI=0.89,TLI=0.90,RMSEA=0.05,SRMR=0.06,AIC=27 431.63,BIC=27 812.48).Conclusion Boredom proneness has both direct and indirect effects on tobacco and alcohol use behaviors through refusal self-efficacy.
Mental health of junior boarding school students in rural areas
MEI Ziying, SHI Yaojiang, BAI Yu
2018, 39(4): 563-565. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.04.024
Abstract(241) PDF(3)
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Objective To understand the current situation of mental health among boarding junior school students in rural area,and to provide the references for improving mental health of rural junior high school students in rural area.Methods The stratified sampling method was adopted to randomly select 7 947 junior high school students in rural areas.Measured by the mental health test and the student general information questionnaire.Descriptive statistical analysis was used to analyze the current situation board and mental health,and OLS regression was used to explore the correlation between current board status,board-started grade,board experience and mental health.Results The detection rate of serious psychological problem was 2.0% (162/7 947),the detection rate of anxiety tendency was 71.8% (5 707/7 947).There was no significant difference between current boarders and noboarders about test scores (β =0.367,P =0.112);there was no significant correlation between boarding start grade and test scores(β=0.275,P=0.699);those students have boarding experience get higher test scores significantly than those never boarding students (β=0.461,P<0.01).The analysis also found a significant correlation between gender,detained students,teacher-student relationship and test scores(P<0.01).Conclusion Board experience has a strong positive correlation with the mental health of junior high school students,we should pay more attention on the mental health of students that have ever boarded on school.Girl,detained student,bad relationship with teacher will lead to worse status of mental health.
Childhood peer physical violence victimization and its association with health-related risk behaviors in adolescents
MA Shuang, CHEN Jingqi, LV Linjing, WU Junzhen, GUO Suying
2018, 39(4): 566-569. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.04.025
Abstract(391) PDF(8)
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Objective To investigate the prevalence of childhood peer physical violence victimization and to explore its associations with health-related risk behaviors in adolescents.Methods A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted in adolescents from two higher vocational schools in Beijing and Henan province.Results Of the 1 349 students surveyed,29.43%reported having suffered one or more of the following peer physical violence victimization in primaiy school or secondary school:24.31% being beaten by hand,16.38% being hit by books or stationery and 5.86% being beaten with sticks or other items.The prevalence was significantly higher in boys than girls (43.22% vs.17.20%).Multivariate analysis showed that being male(OR =3.390),living without the company of both parents most of the time before 16 years old(OR=1.377) and having lower social economic status(OR =1.446) were risk factors for peer physical violence victimization.Logistic regression analysis indicated that,compared with respondents who reported no childhood peer physical violence victimization experiences,those who reported childhood peer physical violence victimization experiences were at significantly increased risk of many health-related risk behaviors,eg.feeling sad or hopeless(OR =2.232),suicidal ideation(OR =3.835),suicidal attempt(OR =3.587),getting drunk(OR =1.376),fighting (OR=1.930) during the past 12 months,smoking(OR=1.559),drinking(OR=1.421),unhealthy weight loss behaviors(OR=2.617-2.853) during the past 30 days and depressive symptoms(OR=2.763) after adjusting for general demographic factors.Conclusion Child who survived peer physical violence victimization in primary and secondary school is risk behaviors in adolescence,suggesting that awareness be raised of the impact of campus violence on the psychological health of the victimized children and attention should be paid to the prevention of campus violence.
Attribution analysis of school foodborne disease outbreaks in China, 2002-2015
PAN Na, LI Weiwei, YANG Shuxiang, FU Ping, HAN Haihong, LIU Jikai, GUO Yunchang
2018, 39(4): 570-572,576. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.04.026
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Objective To understand the results of the attribution analysis of 1 291 foodborne disease outbreaks occurred in schools between 2002 and 2015,and to provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of foodborne disease in school.Methods To summarize the two sources of school foodborne disease outbreaks,namely national supervision and documents,to remove recurring events,and to have descriptive analysis and attribution analysis of 1 291 cases for pathogenic factors.Results The cases found with clear causative factors involved the incidence of 58 691 cases,30 055 hospitalizations,and 12 death cases;Bio-contaminants was the primary cause of pathogenic factors (737,accounting for 57.09%),the top three biological pollutants were waxy bacillus,staphylococcus aureus and salmonella;Causative food were mainly vegetables,food and meat,respectively,accounting for 15.49%,14.56% and 8.29%,respectively.And the main causative circle was improper processing of food(20.06%).Conclusion School is a high-risk place of foodborne disease,thus,the targeted comprehensive measures of prevention and control should be taken to reduce the risk of foodborne disease to the minimum.
Association of maternal pregnancy school attendances with conduct problems in 3-year-old preschool children
ZHANG Chao, LIU Li, YIN Xiaona, SUN Dengli, CHEN Zhaodi, WU Chuan'an, CHEN Weiqing
2018, 39(4): 573-576. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.04.027
Abstract(373) PDF(2)
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Objective To investigate the association between mothers' attendances to pregnancy school and conduct problems in 3-year-old preschool children as well as its potential pathway.Methods A total of 40 237 3-year-old children on their first entrance into kindergartens in the Longhua District,Shenzhen,China during 2014-2016 were selected as the research subjects.We used a general questionnaire to investigate information regarding the demographic characteristics and mother's attendances to pregnancy school,and the Conners' Parent Rating Scale to evaluate children's conduct problems.Cox regression was undertaken to investigate the association between mothers' attending pregnancy school and the offsprings' conduct problems.The stepwise mediation analysis put forward by Baron and Kenny was used to evaluate the mediating effect of passive smoking,breastfeeding and children's outdoor activities in the above association.Results A total of 1 403(3.4%) children scored high above the cut-off value in behavioral problems.After controlling for potential confounders including child gender,parent's education,family income,parent's marital status,etc.matemal pregnancy school absents were associated with higher risks of conduct related problems in their preschool children(PRR =1.23,95% CI =1.11-1.37).Results from further analysis showed that passive smoking during pregnancy,breast feeding,and outdoor activities during 0-3 year of child age mediated 36.8%,3.0% and 5.4% of the aforementioned association,respectively.Conclusion Mothers' prenatal attendances to the pregnancy school can reduce the risk of conduct related problems in 3-year-old children,mainly by reducing the passive smoking during pregnancy,increasing breastfeeding,and increasing children's outdoor activities.
Analysis of children's physical fitness in Hebei Province based on geographic information system technology
YANG Guang, YANG Wenqian, MENG Binglin, WANG Haitao
2018, 39(4): 577-581. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.04.028
Abstract(342) PDF(3)
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Objective To compare the differences of physical fitness rate and obesity rate between urban and rural children and different sexes in 2010 and 2014 by using the technology of GIS,and to explore the methods to improve the physical constitution of children.Methods Based on the national physical health monitoring data of young children aged 3-6 in Hebei Province in 2010 and 2014,the children were divided into two groups:urban children and rural children.They were further divided into four sample groups according to sex.Results In 2014,the average body weight of urban(25.27±4.43) and rural (24.89±4.49) children were significantly different (t =3.156,P<0.05).Young children's scores of height,feet jump,a reverse layup 10 meters,standing long jump in 2014 were higher than those in 2010,the differences were of statistical significance,the other three scores were lower than those in 2010,with significant difference(t =15.200,8.675,8.671,P<0.05).The rate of infants' reaching up the standard in 2014(94.6%) was higher than that of 2010(88.5%),with a growth of 6.1 percentage.Compared with the physique rating in 2010,the differences were of statistical significance(x2 =140.7,P<0.01);There was a significant difference between rural children,urban children,male infants,and female infants in 2010 and 2014,respectively(P<0.01).The rate of childhood obesity in 2014 (4.7%)was lower than that of 2010 (6.2%),which decreased by 1.5 percentage.There was a significant difference in obesity rate among rural and male infants(P<0.01).Conclusion In 2014,children's physical fitness in Hebei Province was significantly improved,but the rate of increase differed in different cities.Economic conditions to a certain extent affected the physical fitness of children.The physique of infants' lower limbs showed an upward tendency.And their force of upper limbs,flexibility and the ability of balance of body needed to be paid more attention and improved.The obesity rate among infants shows an obvious decreasing trend.
Poor vision among first grade primary school students in Xicheng District of Beijing
CHENG Guangyin, MAO Ran, ZHANG Lan
2018, 39(4): 582-584. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.04.029
Abstract(293) PDF(12)
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Objective To explore the prevalence and correlates of poor vision among first grade primary school students in Xicheng District of Beijing.Methods Cluster sampling method was used to select 3 681 first grade students from schools in Xicheng district in Beijing during Oct 2012.Ophthalmological examination was conducted among all the participants including visual acuity,non-mydriatic computer optometry,insertion optometry,and eye position.The visual acuity was followed up each year in the next 2 years.Results A total of 778 (21.13%) poor vision students were detected from 13 primary schools,with girls (22.59%)higher than boys (19.86%)(x2=4.11,P<0.05).Small pupil testing showed the following common refractive types:simple myopia astigmatism (32.33%),simple myopia (23.23%),compound myopia astigmatism (12.75%),compound hyperopic astigmatism (10.64%),simple hyperopia astigmatism (7.39%),mixed astigmatism (6.74%),simple hyperopia (5.77%) and emmetropia (0.97%).The follow-up investiqation showed that 64.74% of students remained poor vision,14.13% recovered in the following 2 years,9.34% transient recovery in grade 2 and 11.78% recovered in grade 3.Conclusion Myopia and astigmatism are the main causes of poor vision in primary school students in Xicheng District of Beijing.After 2-year follow-up,the proportion of vision recovery is low.Myopia prevention should be implemented during preschool stage and vision care programs during early stage of school year.
Injuries among grade 4-6 students from public and migrant primary schools in Bao'an district of Shenzhen
GAO Fei, SUN Qunlu, LIU Xiaofeng, MA Huilai
2018, 39(4): 588-591. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.04.031
Abstract(273) PDF(5)
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Objective To estimate the prevalence of injury among grade 4-6 students from public and migrant primary schools in Bao'an district of Shenzhen.Methods The survey was conducted in 2015.Fourteen public primary schools and 6 migrant primary schools were selected through a two-stage stratified cluster sampling.Injury during the past year and its associated factors were reported from 5 608 students.All the participants also reported detailed information on the most serious or the most clearly remembered injury occasion.Results The incidence of injury during the past year was 18.4% in grade 4-6 students,with 18.9%in public primary school and 17.3% in migrant primary school.Cutting and burning had the lowest prevalence of 6.3% and 2.7% in public primary school students.A substantial proportion of injuries for public school students occurred in school (37.6%) and during sport activities (18%),while for students from migrant schools,41.6% occurred at home,followed by house-keeping (9.4%)and fighting with friends (2.2%).The injury is particularly common in the toes and fingers.The percentage of hospitalization after injury was lower in public primary school students,however,the percentage of resting within 7 days after injury was higher,compared with migrant school students.Conclusion The risk factors are as following boys,in grade 4 or 5,often play online games,often wander outside of school,often skip class,parent's quarrels frequently and parents' divorce;The protective factors are many friends in class,parents live with each other,and like sport.Health education should be enhanced to prevent injuries occurred.
Influence of haze on air microbial concentrations in the student activity areas
ZHANG Hongxin, HUA Yinan, LIU Huan, LU Shulan
2018, 39(4): 592-594. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.04.032
Abstract(275) PDF(3)
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Objective To understand the effect of haze on the distribution of microorganisms in the campus environments,and to provide basic information for environment improvement,disease prevention and control,as well as personal protections against haze.Methods Six core students activity areas were selected from a university in Baoding city,China,including a main road,a plaza,the only playground,a cafeteria,a classrooms and a dormitory.The total number of bacterial and fungal in the air were measured through sampling respectively in those places with the natural sedimentation method.The weather conditions have been divided into 4 degrees,including no haze pollution,mild haze pollution,moderate haze pollution and severe haze pollution.Results The concentrations of bacteria and fungus increased with the degrees of haze pollution in outdoor sampling areas,among which the main road had the highest impact.The concentrations of bacteria and fungus in the indoor sampling sites were not increased obviously with the increasing haze levels,but that in the dormitory was increased significantly(P<0.05).The bacterial concentrations outdoor were significantly higher than those of the indoor in moderate haze and severe haze days(P<0.05);the fungal concentrations outdoor were significantly higher than that of the indoor in severe haze days(P>0.05).Conclusion When the haze degree is more serious,the concentrations of bacteria and fungus in the outdoor environment of the campus were increased,but those of the indoor didn't change obviously.
Current status of in-school healthcare center and clinic in Hefei
ZHANG Mingzhi, ZHANG Zhihua
2018, 39(4): 595-597. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.04.033
Abstract(311) PDF(2)
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Objective To investigate current settings and health professionals in school-based healthcare center and clinic in Hefei.Methods Record card from the Health and Family Planning Supervision Information Platform was used in the investigation of 1 176 schools in Hefei.Results A total of 296 (25.1) schools were equipped with medical clinics (178,15.14%) or healthcare centers (118,10.03%).The establishment rates of clinics or health care room were 12.15%,30.04%,59.80%,92.54%in primary schools,junior high schools,high schools,and colleges,respectively.The difference was statistically significant(x2 =290.2,P<0.01).Among the 178 boarding schools,48 (26.97%) of which were equipped with healthcare centers.However,only 8 of these 48 (4.49%) schools had adequate healthcare personnel.Conclusion There is still a lot that needs to be improved in school-based healthcare center and clinics.
2018, 39(4): 598-600. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.04.034
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2018, 39(4): 601-603. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.04.035
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2018, 39(4): 603-605. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.04.036
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2018, 39(4): 606-609. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.04.037
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2018, 39(4): 609-611. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.04.038
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2018, 39(4): 612-614. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.04.039
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2018, 39(4): 614-616. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.04.040
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2018, 39(4): 617-619. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.04.041
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2018, 39(4): 619-622. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.04.042
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2018, 39(4): 623-624. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.04.043
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2018, 39(4): 625-627. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.04.044
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2018, 39(4): 627-629. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.04.045
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2018, 39(4): 630-632. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.04.046
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2018, 39(4): 632-636. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.04.047
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2018, 39(4): 637-640. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.04.048
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