中国学校卫生

2018, 39(2) doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.02.001

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2018, 39(2) doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.02.002

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2018, 39(2)

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Preventability and priority for unintentional injury control in children and adolescents

TAO Fangbiao

2018, 39(2): 163-166. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.02.003

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Children and adolescents belong to the group with high incidence of unintentional injury which is the main cause for the death on a global scale.Therefore,it is of great significance to improve the health level of the total population by focusing on unintentional injury in this group.This editorial at first presents the pervasiveness,severity and preventability of unintentional injury in children and adolescents,then states proposals as following:the priority for unintentional injury prevention and control falls on monitoring system establishment and monitoring method standardization;intensify the researches on unintentional injury disease burden;constitute prevention strategies and measures in line with local reality;increase prevention research and investment on unintentional injury.In general,this editorial aims to provide further research approaches and scientific basis for implementing the prevention and control of unintentional injury in children and adolescents.

Strengthen safety education to prevent school injuries

SHI Wenhui

2018, 39(2): 167-169. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.02.004

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Children spend most of time in school from kindergarten (3 years old) to go into society (18 years old).To ensure them a healthy growth and a happy childhood,the safety of the children on campus is a matter of cutting the pragmatic interests of children and all society.Therefore,strengthening campus safety and preventing school injuries is a critical issue in school hygiene.On the one hand,we need to strengthen system management,strictly implement the principle of "prevention first",on the other hand,persevere in carrying out education on safety and legal systems,strengthen the education of teachers' ethics,strictly implement the "admittance" mechanism in schools,and third,strengthen Social-Family-School-Child linkage,to create a safe environment for the healthy growth of children.

Development and evaluation on reliability and validity of Adolescent Non-suicidal Self-injury Assessment Questionnaire

WAN Yuhui, LIU Wan, HAO Jiahu, TAO Fangbiao

2018, 39(2): 170-173. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.02.005

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Objective To develop and evaluate the reliability and validity of the Adolescent Non-suicidal Self-injury Assessment Questionnaire and the psycho-evaluation of its reliability and validity was carried out,and to provide an instrument for better understanding adolescent non-suicidal self-injury.Methods A total of 15 096 middle school students were selected from junior and senior middle school in Shenyang,Zhenzhou,Nanchang and Shenzhen.The reliability and validity of the questionnaire were evaluated by Cronbach's alpha coefficient,split-half reliability coefficient,confirmatory factor analysis and so on.A total of 94 middle students were selected to investigate the test-retest reliability coefficient and criterion validity by the Functional Assessment of Self-mutilation.Results The Adolescent Non-suicidal Self-injury Assessment Questionnaire included two parts:the behavior questionnaires (12 items) and the functional questionnaires (19 items).The Cronbach's alpha coefficient,split-half reliability coefficient,test-retest reliability coefficient of the behavior questionnaires were 0.921,0.851,0.843,respectively.The correlation coefficient between FASM behavior score and the behavior questionnaires was 0.833 (P<0.01).The Cronbach's alpha coefficient,splithalf reliability coefficient,test-retest reliability coefficient of the functional questionnaires was 0.905,0.786,and 0.805,respectively.The correlation coefficient between FASM behavior score and the functional questionnaires was 0.833 (P<0.01).Conclusion The Adolescent Non-suicidal Self-injury Assessment Questionnaire has a good reliability and validity,so it can be used as an effective tool for assessment of adolescents in China non-suicidal self-injury behavior and self-injury function.

Trends of unintentional injury among middle school students in four areas of China during 2012-2014

MA Shuangshuang, HAO Jiahu, WAN Yuhui, SUN Ying, TAO Fangbiao

2018, 39(2): 174-176,180. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.02.006

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Objective To analyze prevalence of unintentional injuries behaviors in a sample of middle school students representative of four districts in China during 2012-2014 and its changing trend,and to provide scientific evidences for the prevention and control.Methods Data were drawn from the National Adolescent Physical and Mental Health Surveillance among primary and secondary high school students in four districts of Xinxiang,Yangjiang,Chongqing and Shenyang from 2012 to 2014.Demographic variables,unintentional injuries were collected.Chi-square test was used to compare the prevalence of unintentional injuries behaviors by demographic characteristics,and the trend of it during 2012-2014 was observed.Results The prevalence of unintentional injuries behaviors from 2012 to 2014 was 39.1%,39.2% and 34.2%,respectively.The most common types of unintentional injuries were fall injury (18.4%),cutting (14.7%),bums and corrosive injuries (9.4%),animal bites (7.6%),road traffic injuries (6.3%).The prevalence of unintentional injuries behaviors among boys (40.7%,40.1% and 37.0%,respectively) was higher than that of girls (37.6%,37.2% and 31.6%,respectively) (P<0.01) and the prevalence of junior high school students (40.5%,41.9% and 36.0%,respectively) was higher than that of senior high school students (37.7%,36.5% and 32.5%,respectively) (P <0.01) from 2012 to 2014.The detection rate of unintentional injury was also statistically significant among four districts (P<0.01).The detection rates of Xinxiang and Yangjiang decreased from 2012 to 2014,while those of Chongqing and Shenyang showed the trend of rising firstly and then falling.Conclsion Although there is a downward trend in the prevalence of unintentional injuries behaviors in four districts,nearly one third of middle school students are still harmed by unintentional injury.Therefore,this study suggests that preventing unintentional injuries behaviors of middle school students is an important measure to cope with changes in public health.

Prevalence and influence factors of unintentional injury among Chinese middle schools students in six cities

ZENG Hanjun, XU Shaojun, WAN Yuhui, TAO Fangbiao

2018, 39(2): 177-180. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.02.007

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Objective To understand the current situation of unintentional injuries among middle school students in China.Methods A total of 22 628 middle school students from thirty-three schools in six cities of China were selected by stratified cluster sampling method.Demographic characteristics and unintentional injuries was collected through questionnaire survey.Results The total detection rate of injury was 46.7%,male students (47.9%) higher than female students (45.6%),and the junior high school students (50.6%) higher than senior high school students (42.4%).The differences were statistically significant (x2=12.643,150.656,P<0.05).The most common types of unintentional injuries were abrasions or scrapes (29.4%),falling or tripping (19.7%) and stabbing or cutting (16.3%).Logistic regression analysis showed that junior middle school students,live in rural areas,physical activities and participation in sports teams were risk factors for unintentional injuries among middle school students(P< 0.05).The risk of unintentional injury among middle school students in economically developed areas was lower than that in less developed areas(x2=55.11,P<0.05).Conclusion The prevalence rate of unintentional injuries among Chinese middle school students in six cities is higher.The unintentional injuries are multifactorial,and priorities should be given to the different risk factors when establish the preventive measures.

Interactions of psychopathological sub-healthy status and problematic mobile phone use with unintentional injurious among middle schools students

WANG Wei, WAN Yuhui, HAO Jiahu, MA Shuangshuang, TAO Fangbiao

2018, 39(2): 181-184. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.02.008

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Objective The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of unintentional injuries and examined psychopathological sub-healthy status and problematic mobile phone use with unintentional injuries in middle schools students,and to provide reference for its controlling and to prevention.Methods A total of 22 628 junior and high school students selected from Shenyang,Bengbu,Xinxiang,Ulanqua,Chongqing and Yangjiang in China were enrolled in this study from November 2015 to January 2016.Psychopathological sub-healthy status,PMPU,and unintentional injuries were measured with multidimensional sub-health questionnaire of adolescents (MSQA),self-rating questionnaire for adolescent problematic mobile phone use(SQAPMPU),and the questionnaire of unintentional injurious.Results The prevalence of unintentional injuries was 46.7%,the prevalence of scratch,falls,and cut were 29.4%,19.7%,16.3%,respectively.The prevalence of total unintentional injurious,scratch,falls,and cut among psychopathological sub-healthy status and control group were 55.1% vs 43.3%,34.8% vs 27.1%,26.0% vs 17.2%,23.0% vs 13.6%,respectively,and the difference was statistically significant(x2 =261.62,134.12,228.63,302.79,P<0.01).The prevalence of total unintentional injurious,scratch,falls,and cut among problematic mobile phone use and control group were 53.6% vs 44.4%,33.2% vs 28.0%,25.5% vs 17.8%,21.6% vs 14.5%,the difference was statistically significant(x2 =145.09,55.21,163.92,160.24,P<0.01).According to univariate logistic regression analysis,psychopathological sub-healthy status and problematic mobile phone use were independent risk factor for unintentional injurious.The interaction between them significantly increased the risk of unintentional injurious.Conclusion Adolescent psychopathological sub-healthy status and problematic mobile phone use are important factors in unintentional injurious,and concerning about the psychopathological sub-healthy status and problematic mobile phone use are beneficial to the prevention and control work of unintentional injurious.

Association of health literacy and unintentional injurious among Chinese middle school students in six cities

ZHANG Shichen, YANG Rong, WAN Yuhui, ZENG Hanjun, WANG Wei, TAO Fangbiao

2018, 39(2): 185-188,192. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.02.009

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Objective The purpose of this study was to examine associations between health literacy (HL) and unintentional injuries in junior and high school students in China.Methods A total of 22 628 junior and high school students in China were enrolled in this study from November 2015 to January 2016.Questionnaires survey was conducted to collect information on demographics,HL and unintentional injuries.Rates on HL and unintentional injuries were compared in adolescents with specific characteristics.Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine relations between them.Results The score of CAIHLQ was (104.06± 18.68).Students who were high school students,rural residence,non-only child in family,resident student,lower parental education level and lower family income had significantly lower HL scores than the corresponding other students.The prevalence of unintentional injuries was 46.7%.Boys reported more injuries problems than girls.The incidences of unintentional injuries among students in junior school,from rural area,being non-only child in family,with lower parental education level was significantly higher prevalence of injuries than their peers.Students with unintentional injuries had lower scores of total HL,health awareness,self-actualization,stress management and interpersonal relationship than non-unintentional injuries,while had higher the scores of physical activities and dietary behavior.Data from multiple Logistic regression analyses showed that moderate or low level of health literacy increased the risk of unintentional injuries(OR=1.323,95%CI=1.223-1.432;OR=1.410,95%CI=1.319-1.507;P<0.01).Conclusion Lower HL may increase the risk of unintentional injuries among middle school students.Health literacy improvement may reduce the incidence of unintentional injuries among middle school students.

Childhood abuse experiences, recent life events and non-suicidal self-injury among college students

SONG Xianbing, MA Shuangshuang, WANG Wei, WAN Yuhui

2018, 39(2): 189-192. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.02.010

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Objective To determine the relationship between childhood abuse,recent life events,and non-suicidal self-injury(NSSI) among college students.Methods A total of 1 875 students involved freshman and sophomore were recruited from a college.We assessed childhood abuse exposure,life events (Multidimensional Life Events Rating Questionnaire for Middle School Students,MLERQ),and the prevalence of NSSI.Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between childhood abuse,life events,and non-suicidal self-injury.Results The prevalence of NSSI was 14.7%,and no gender difference was found (P> 0.05).The rates of NSSI was higher with childhood abuse exposure (17.3% vs 11.6%) or more life event (24.6% vs 13.8% vs 6.8%).Among adolescents reporting childhood abuse,those in the highest tertile of life events increased the risk of NSSI than those in the lowest tertile [adjusted prevalence ratio (95% confidence interval) =3.32(1.99,5.53)];for those reporting no CA,the ratio was 5.66(2.75,11.68).Among students with lowest tertile of life events,those with childhood abuse increased the risk of NSSI [adjusted prevalence ratio (95% confidence interval) =2.52(1.19,5.32)];for those reporting moderate and highest tertile of life events,the effect of childhood abuse on NSSI were not found.Conclusion Childhood abuse and recent life events are determinants of NSSI among college students.Prevention of childhood abuse,especially recent life events could be used to control the NSSI of adolescents.

Public sentiment analysis about reports of NIPRCES through the Internet media

XU Yifan, MA Guansheng

2018, 39(2): 193-196. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.02.011

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Objective To understand the internet media coverage of Nutrition Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Education Students in China(NIPRCES).Methods By using the Baidu News and Baidu Index search engine,coverage of Internet media and attention situation by internet users on NIPRCES from September 1st,2011 to December 31st,2016 was analyzed.Results A total of 573 headings containing the key words "NIPRCES" were included,including 464 positive and 109 neutral news.491 headings containing "nutritional meals" were included,including 249 positive,237 negative and 5 neutral news.168 headings containing both "nutritional lunch" and "rural" were included,including 156 positive,8 negative and 4 neutral news.50 headings containing both "school milk" and "rural" including 26 positive,1 negative and 23 neutral news were analyzed.The search results on specific keywords fluctuated with a few remarkable peaks.News report was highest in 2012 and 2016.The Internet search and online media reports show similar trends,and searching peak often relate to negative news.Conclusion Media coverage is relatively high in 2012 and 2016.The Internet searching and online media reports shows similar trends.The government should pay more attention to the guiding effect of the internct media on public sentiment,strengthen the propaganda of the policy,and guide the negative sentiment.Also,a sentiment monitor system should be built up to handle the public sentiment about NIPRCES timely.

Effects of child gymnastics on gross moor development

ZHA Ping, SHEN Qiqi, REN Yuanchun

2018, 39(2): 197-199. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.02.012

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Objective To investigate possible effects of child gymnastics on gross motor development.Methods Forty children aged 5-6 years old were randomly divided into exercise and control group.Children in the exercise group received twice/week (60 mins every time) gymnastics for 12 weeks.Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD-2) was used to assess gross motor development level.Results Before intervention,gross motor development scores showed no significant difference between exercise and control group(F=0.933,P>0.05).After intervention,increases in gross motor development was observed in both control and exercise group(t=-2.346,-2.021,P<0.05),more significant in exercise group(F=4.476,P<0.05).Conclusion Child gymnastics might help improving gross motor development,suggesting gymnastics is one of the most comprehensive lifestyle exercise boosting child's overall physical fitness.

Sexual abuse self-protection skills among middle school students in rural area of Hubei Province

ZHANG Xiang, YANG Mei, JIANG Can, ZHENG Nianxiang, HUANG Jufen, GUO Qing, LI Yan, XIANG Bing

2018, 39(2): 200-202,206. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.02.013

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Objective To evaluate sexual abuse self-protection skills among middle school students in rural of Hubei province.Methods All the 1 658 students were recruited from 1 senior high schools and 2 junior high schools through random cluster sampling and were investigated with a questionnaire survey.Logistic regression was used to analyze.Results Boys showed lower sexual abuse self-protection skills,with 5 out of the 7 skills were of statistically significance.Risk factor for sufficient knowledge on sexual abuse self-protection (higher than 12) included being boy (OR =1.509;95% CI:1.230-1.852) and low intimacy (OR =1.259;95%CI:1.138-1.393),while protective factors included non-left-behind (OR =0.774;95% CI:0.627-0.956),non-boarding (OR =0.558;95%CI:0.455-0.686),younger than 12 years old (OR =0.363;95%CI:0.268-0.493) and 13-16 years old (OR =0.160;95%CI:0.101-0.254).Conclusion Secondary school students in rural area are lack of basic skills of sexual abuse self-protection skills.Sexual abuse prevention education programs should be developed and implemented among rural students in the near future.

Analysis of factors associated with willingness to accept peer HIV voluntary counseling and testing among college students in Guangzhou

CHEN Mengqing, CHENG Weibin, XU Huifang, CAI Yanshan, ZHONG Fei, CHEN Xi, FAN Lirui, LI Jingyan

2018, 39(2): 203-206. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.02.014

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Objective To understand the willingness to accept peer HIV voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) among college students in Guangzhou and its influencing factors,and to provide reference for controlling and preventing of AIDS on compus.Methods A self-designed study was conducted among 3 079 undergraduates selected from 12 colleges between October and December,2016 by convenience sampling method.Chi-square test and multi-factor Logistic regression were adopted to identify independent correlates that were associated with willingness to take peer VCT.Results About 90.8%(2 795) would like to provide peer VCT when in need of VCT.According to regression analysis,compared to attitude of accepting peer VCT and indifference to VCT,male students(OR =1.548),majoring in science and engineering(OR =1.324),unsure of sexual orientation(OR =1.755),having no information about epedemic situation(OR=1.738),not worrying about being infected with HIV(OR=1.589),not accepting the peer education (OR=1.649) and moblizing to accept VCT (OR =1.655) tended to be indifferent(P<0.05).Compared to accepting VCT,male(OR =1.514),not worrying about their HIV infection(OR =1.358),not receiving peer education (OR =1.954) and abusing drug while having sexual activity were likely to not accept peer VCT(P<0.05).Conclusion The high acceptability of peer VCT among students can serve as a complementary method for scaling up HIV test in Guangzhou.This tailored VCT service can increase testing willingness for female students who concern on health.

Prevalence and influencing factors of physical exercise among urban primary and middle school students in Guangzhou,2016

ZONG Yinan, LIU Li, GAO Yanhui, LIANG Jianping, YANG Jiewen, DENG Yusheng, WANG Zhen, YANG Yi

2018, 39(2): 207-210. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.02.015

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Objective To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of insufficient physical exercise time and related factors among urban primary and middle school students in Guangzhou,and to provide a reference for the improvement of physical health among children and adolescents.Methods Questionnaire survey were conducted for 10 972 students in three grades (grade 2 of primary school,grade 1 of junior and senior high school) along with the physical examination for urban primary and middle school students in Guangzhou.Kruskal-Wallis test and Chi-square test were used to compare the difference in daily physical exercise time of different genders and grades.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyze influencing factors of physical exercise time <1 h per day.Results The average physical exercise time in participants was 21.4 (8.6~40.0) min per day.The prevalence of physical exercise time< 1 h per day was 85.63%,with girls' higher than boys' (90.51% VS 80.61%;x2 =218.04,P<0.05).Disparity of physical exercise time was also observed across different grades (x2=273.68,P< 0.05).Logistic regression model found that refusing to participate in physical exercise (Grade 2 of primary school OR =6.81,95% CI:4.38-10.58,Grade 1 of junior high school OR=4.60,95%CI:3.79-5.59,Grade 1 of senior high school OR=9.25,95%CI:5.90~ 14.49) and being girls (Grade 1 of junior high school OR=1.57,95%CI:1.35-1.82,Grade 1 of senior high school OR =2.85,95%CI:2.07-3.92) could be the main risk factors of insufficient physical exercise time among students in Guangzhou.Conclusion Insufficient physical exercise time is a serious problem among primary and middle school students in urban areas of Guangzhou.With girls as key group,intervention measures should be conducted to improve the interest of children and adolescents in physical exercises.

Research on the primary and middle school students' sports development in Jiangsu and its influencing factors

DING Xiaoyan, HONG Ping, ZHANG Ru, ZHANG Yunkun

2018, 39(2): 211-214,218. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.02.016

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Objective To understand the sports development of primary and middle school students in Jiangsu and its influencing factors,and to provide reference for formulating intervention measures.Methods A total of 6 846 students selected by stratified cluster sampling from 30 primary and middle schools in 8 cities of Jiangsu Province were investigated on their sports development.Results In the school factors,the reporting rates of venues and equipment failing to meet the class and extracurricular activities were 11.96%,15.63%,respectively.The reporting rates of having physical education less than 3 days/week,being occupied,having the full time of physical education,lack of Interest were 55.15%,51.57%,53.87%,42.25%,respectively.The reporting rate of the school big break activities was 80.53%,and that of not loving teachers or teaching methods was 25.82%;in the individual factors,the reporting rates of participating in the extracurricular activity more than 3 times/week,participating in extracurricular activities 1 hours/day,mastering more than 3 sports skills,participatinge in the extracurricular training class were 18.00%,12.66%,60.70%,15.50%,respectively;In family factors,the reporting rate of parents' support and company was 32.98%;In social factors,the reporting rates of the influences made by sports scores,test scores,sports activities on the students' school evaluation and careers were 35.92%,32.46%,24.04%,respectively.Further studies had shown that there were significanct differences in the development of youth sports in different genders and regions.Generally speaking,the development of sports for boys was better than that for girls,and the development of sports for students in South of Jiangsu was better than that in northern Jiangsu.Conclusion The low quality of physical education curriculum,few time and low frequency of teenagers extracurricular sports activities,refusing to accompany of parents and lack of definite evaluation mechanism of social policy are the main factors restricting the development of juvenile sports.The continuous development of primary and middle school students' sports asks for the compatibility of all factors,and the harmonious development.

Pubertal timing and depressive symptom among primary and junior middle school students in urban Chongqing

PENG Linli, HE Fang, YANG Jingwei, RAN Min, WANG Hong

2018, 39(2): 215-218. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.02.017

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Objective To explore relationship between pubertal timing and depressive symptoms among primary and junior middle school students in urban Chongqing.Methods Totally,3 351 students from 8 schools including four primary schools and four junior schools were selected via stratified cluster sampling in urban Chongqing.Pubertal Development Scale (PDS) and Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) were used to assess pubertal timing and depressive symptoms,respectively.Results The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 25.1%,signicant differences were found in grade (x2=11.098,P =0.001),place of residence (x2 =5.446,P=0.020),economic status (x2 =88.941,P<0.01),family relationship (x2 =286.346,P<0.01),body perception (x2 =38.089,P<0.01) and academic performance (x2 =261.513,P<0.01).After controlling for grade,economic status,family relationship and other covariates,early pubertal timing were correlated with more depressive symptoms among boys (OR =1.406,95% CI:1.039,1.902),while late pubertal timing among girls related with less depressive symptoms (OR=0.632,95%CI:0.433,0.924).Boys and girls with early or late pubertal timing showed higher depressive symptoms than normal pubertal timing peers.Conclusion Depressive symptom among primary and junior middle school students is relative high in urban Chongqing,early or delayed pubertal timing both closely relates with depressive symptoms.

Analysis of intermediate relationship among perfectionism, active procrastination and anxiety of normal college students

XIE Hongmei, WANG Jingjing, XU Xue

2018, 39(2): 219-221,225. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.02.018

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Objective In order to explore the relationship among perfectionism,active procrastination and anxiety,and to provide a basis for normal college students' mental health education.Methods A sample of 1 589 normal college students completed Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale,A New Active Procrastination Scale,and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale.Results Scores of perfectionism and active procrastination among boys were higher than those of girls (t =4.35,8.58,P<0.01),and score of active procrastination among students majoring in science and engineering was higher than that among those majoring in art and literature(t=-3.54,P<0.01).Perfectionism,active procrastination and anxiety of normal college students were significantly positively correlated (r=0.21,0.20,P<0.01),and perfectionism and active procrastination were also positively correlated(r=0.37,P<0.01).Perfectionism(β =0.21,P<0.0 1) and active procrastination(β =0.20,P<0.01) could positively affect normal college students' anxiety by oneself and together(β=0.15,P<0.01).Conclusion There is a close relationship among perfectionism,active procrastination and anxiety of normal college students.

Effectiveness of self-and mutual-rescue training for emergencies among nursing college students

ZHANG Di, JI Chengyu, QIAO Yan, ZHU Dong, WANG Kaixuan, JI Xueying, ZOU Shengqiang, ZHANG Liyan

2018, 39(2): 222-225. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.02.019

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Objective To improve the emergency response ability among nursing freshmen,and to provide basic information on self-and mutual rescue training materials.Methods By using the convenient sampling method,152 nursing freshmen were trained with emergency related self-and mutual-rescue,including basic skills,determination and behavior intention literacy.Questionnaire survey was conducted before and after the training.Results Among the freshmen,41% had experienced disasters,and 85% did not receive rescue training.After systematic rolling training,the total score of self-and mutual-rescue increased significantly from (93.77±8.22) to (166.56±6.88) (P<0.01).After training,those with literacy background in high-school,had disaster experiences,and those who had related rescue training improved significantly in basic knowledge,basic skills,discrimination ability and behavioral literacy(t=-2.751,-3.504,5.788,P<0.01).Conclusion There is a need to be mindful of mutual aid model among college students,especially allied with other forms of practice among college freshmen.

Research on the influence of online game on suicide attitude of middle school students in Guizhou Province

CHEN Xiong, WANG Junhua, WANG Xiaobin, TIAN Juan, LIU Haiyan, LIU Lan, LONG Ji

2018, 39(2): 226-228. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.02.020

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Objective To compare the differences of middle school students' suicidal attitudes of whether they play online games or not by Propensity Score Matching (PSM),with a view to provide reference for suicide crisis intervention.Methods A total of 5 109 middle school students in Guizhou Guiyang,Kaili and Bijie were selected by using the multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method.Self-designed questionnaire and Suicide Attitude Questionnaire (QSA) were used to investigate,and the data were matched by the propensity score matching method.A total of 1 680 students who played online games and 1 680 middle school students who did not play online games.Results Before propensity score matching,there were statistical significance of covariates gender,nationality,age,grade,whether they believed in religion or not,health and education level of father in distribution difference of playing online games and not among students (P<0.05);after propensity score matching,all covariates were not statistically significant in playing online games and not playing online games among students in distribution (P>0.05).Before propensity score matching,the differences of attitude scores were statistical significant in Dutch act behavior,Dutch act families and euthanasia among middle school students who played online games and not played online games (t=-6.394,-4.658,-5.449,P<0.01).After propensity score matching,the differences of attitude scores were statistical significant in Dutch act behavior (t =-2.635,P =0.008),Dutch act families (t =2.679,P =0.007) and euthanasia (t =-3.718,P<0.01) among middle school students who played online games and not played online games (t=-2.635,2.679,-3.718,P<0.05).Conclusion Playing online games is the influencing factor of suicidal attitudes of middle school students.Therefore,the health education of middle school students who play online games should be paid more attention to prevent suicidal behavior of middle school students.

Relationship between Internet addiction and suicidal behavior among middle school students in Guangzhou

PAN Siyuan, Li Wuquan, LI Ming, GUO Lan, DENG Xueqing, LU Ciyong

2018, 39(2): 229-231. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.02.021

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Objective To investigate the prevalence and the association between Internet addiction and suicide behaviors among middle school students and to explore whether the association could be partly or fully accounted by depression and bullying behaviors.Methods Using two-stage random stratified cluster sampling,3 229 students were recruited in Guangzhou city and an anonymous survey was conducted among the students with a self-designed adolescent health knowledge questionnaire,Young Internet Addiction Test,The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire.Logistic regression was used to explore the relationship between Internet addiction and suicide behaviors.Results Of the 3 229 eligible respondents,14.70% reported the Internet addiction and 20.70% and 3.96% reported suicide ideation and attempt during the previous 12 months.After adjustment for potential confounding factors,Internet addition was associated with suicidal ideation (OR =3.88,95%CI:3.04-4.96) and attempt (OR=2.42,95%CI:1.41-4.13).When depression and bullying behavior were entered into the regression model,the odds ratios of suicide ideation declined to 2.58(95%CI:1.99-3.34),while the association between Internet addition and attempt was insignificant.Conclusion Adolescent Internet addition is associated with suicidal ideation and attempt,and the association is possibly mediated by depression and bullying behaviors.

Mental health changes among college students and its relation with perceived social support

ZHANG Minting, ZHAO Jiubo, ZHANG Xiaoyuan, ZHAO Jingbo, YANG Xueling, CHEN Jie

2018, 39(2): 232-235. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.02.022

Abstract(611) PDF(25)

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Objective To understand mental health changes among college students and its association with perceived social support.Methods Totally 2 301 students from a university in Guangzhou were selected with random cluster sampling and participated in this two-years longitudinal study.University Personality Inventory (UPI) and Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS)were used.First wave was carried out in 23 Sept.2014,and the second wave in 25 Sept.2016.The valid sample included 2 301 college students.Results UPI scores decreased significantly [(9.18±8.49) in follow-up vs.(10.11±7.87) in baseline,P<0.01].During this two-year interval,the proportion of college students with serious mental health problems increased by 1.0%;the proportion of college students with general mental health problems decreased by 1.7%;the proportion of students with positive mental health increased by 0.7%(P<0.01).The scores of UPI in females were higher than males(P<0.01).The higher level of perceived social support,the lower scores on UPI(F=149.65,P<0.01).Significant main effects were found in baseline UPI score and perceived social support on follow-up UPI score(F=105.025,152.231,P<0.01),as well as interaction effects(F=2.50,P<0.05).Conclusion Mental health among college students shows two dynamic trends.Perceived social support has a consistent regulatory impact on mental health status among college students.

Moderating effect of physical exercise between perfectionism and eating disorder among female college students

ZHANG Tongtong

2018, 39(2): 236-238,244. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.02.023

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Objective To explore the moderating effect of physical exercise in relationship between perfectionism and eating disorder among female college students.Methods A total of 1 938 female college students from three universities in Shandong province participated in this study and completed Chinese Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale,Eating Disorders Inventory and Physical Activity Rating Scale.Results All the 132 female students met the criteria of eating disorders,the estimated prevalence rate was 5.11%.The prevalence was highest among senior students.No significant differences were found in eating disorder prevalence regarding to living residence and college major.Overweight students were more likely to have eating disorders than normal and lean group.Perfectionism positively associated with eating disorders (β=0.431,P<0.01);Significant interaction between perfectionism and physical exercise was found in the prediction of eating disorder (B=-0.106,P<0.01);perfectionism had a significant predictive effect on eating disorders when exercise was insufficient (B=0.53,t =5.93,P<0.01);the effect of perfectionism on eating disorders decreased when exercise was sufficient (B=032,t=2.37,P<0.05).Conclusion Physical exercise mediates the effects of perfectionism on eating disorders.

Reference values of skeletal muscle mass indices in Chinese children aged 6-9 years in Guangzhou

ZENG Zhicong, HUANG Gaopei, LIANG Jingjing, GUO Yangfeng, WEI Yuanhuan, WANG Jue, ZHANG Zheqing

2018, 39(2): 239-244. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.02.024

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Objective To establish the reference values of skeletal muscle indices of children aged 6-9 in Guangzhou,China,and to provide reference for their muscule development.Methods A total of 456 children aged 6-9 years old were enrolled in urban area of Guangzhou.Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was applied to determine whole body muscle mass (WBM),arms muscle mass,legs muscle mass,appendicular skeletal muscle mass(ASM).Weight and height were measured.BMI and skeletal muscle mass indices including ASM/height,ASM/weight,and ASM/BMI were calculated.LMS regression analysis was used to construct age-and gender-specific smooth percentile curve of the above-mentioned indices.Results All of the skeletal muscle mass measurements increased significantly with age in both genders.Apart from the indexes of ASM,ASM/weight,ASM/BMI in the group of 6 years old and ASM/weight,ASM/BMI in the group of 9 years old,the measures of boys were generally significantly higher than those of girls(P< 0.05).Conclusion The reference values for skeletal muscle mass in children aged 6-9 years in Guangzhou can provide a correct reference for evaluating children's muscle development.

Impulsivity and mental health in college students: multiple mediating of negative automatic thoughts and coping styles

HU Yongjuan, WANG Jing, WANG Weiping, XUE Zhaoxia

2018, 39(2): 245-247,251. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.02.025

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Objective To investigate the mediating role of negative automatic thoughts and coping styles between impulsivity and mental health.Methods A total of 931 college students completed impulse system subscale of Dual-Mode of Self-control Scale (DMSC-S),Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire (ATQ),Negative Coping Subscale of Trait coping style Questionnaire (TCSQ) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ).Results Correlation analysis showed that impulsivity was significantly positively correlated with automatic thoughts and negative coping(r=0.361,0.259,P<0.01),and automatic thoughts was significantly positively correlated with negative coping(r =0.441,P<0.01);Mental health was negatively correlated with impulsivity,automatic thoughts and negative coping (r=-0.309,-0.588,-0.353,P<0.01);Structural-equation modeling showed that,impulsivity affected mental health through three paths:The negative automatic thoughts can independently mediate impulsivity and mental health (β=-0.18),negative coping styles can independently mediate impulsivity and mental health(β =-0.06),and negative automatic thoughts-coping styles plays a chain mediation effects between impulsivity and mental health (β=-0.02).Conclusion Changing negative automatic thoughts and developing positive coping style may contribute to eliminate the impulse harm on the mental health of college students.

Relationship between physical fitness and muscle parameter among male college students in Guangxi

HUANG Liqian, LI Qiaoli, HUANG Binbin, ZHU Qingqing, ZHOU He, GONG Jiangu, XU Lin, LIU Peng

2018, 39(2): 248-251. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.02.026

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Objective To explore the relationship between physical fitness test and muscle parameter among male college students in Guangxi.Methods A total of 607 male college students were randomly selected,whose muscle nass were measured by professional Body Composition Monitors (Tanita MC-180).According to the national standard for physical health test,vital capacity,50 meters dash,1 000-meters run,sit and reach test,standing long jump and pull-ups.Data were analyzed by SPSS 20.0 software.Results Body mass index(BMI),vital capacity,lung capacity showed significant differences in students with different muscle volume(F=228.415,10.794,40.245,P<0.01).Average BMI and vital capacity for male students was highest among high muscle group,followed by moderate and low group.Mean value of lung capacity relative body mass index was highest among low muscle group,followed by moderate and high group.Significant differences in standing long jump,sit and reach test and pull up were found in male college students with different muscle mass(F=4.036,4.027,52.250,P<0.05),and average values of standing long jump and sit and reach test were highest in moderate muscle mass group,followed by low and high group.Average values of pull up was higher in low and high muscle group than medium muscle group(P<0.05).The 50 m dash and 1 000 m run scores showed no significant differences among male students with different muscle mass.Conclusion The amount of muscle mass correlate with physical fitness among male college students.Maintaining suitable muscle mass and enhancing muscular strength would help to improve physical fitness among college students.

Secular trends of height and weight in Chinese children from 2005 to 2014

GAO Di, DONG Yanhui, YIN Yang, ZOU Zhiyong, MA Jun

2018, 39(2): 252-255,259. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.02.027

Abstract(502) PDF(32)

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Objective To analyze the secular trends and characteristics in height and weight of Chinese school children (aged 7-18 years) during 2005 to 2014.Methods The height and weight measurement data came from the Chinese National Survey on Students Constitution and Health in 2005,2010 and 2014.Data were fitted by LMS method to obtain the 5th,50th and 95th percentile curves of height and weight,and then comparisons between the increment of 2005-2010 and 2010-2014 were analyzed.Results From 2005 to 2010,the 50th percentile of average height increased by 1.0,1.6,0.8,1.1cm,and from 2010 to 2014,the increments were 1.0,1.4,0.9,1.3 cm,for urban boys,rural boys,urban girls,rural girls respectively;From 2005 to 2010,the 50th percentile of average weight increased by 1.3,1.9,0.9,1.1kg,and the increments were 1.7,2.1,1.3,1.5kg during 2010 to 2014.Height and weight of as the estimated value of adult height and weight,in the nearly 9 years,the adult height and weight increased significantly when taking 18-year-old students as adult population.The average increments of height and weight of rural students were higher than those of urban students,and the increments of boys were higher than those of girls.The average increasement of height and weight between 2010 and 2014 were higher than that of during 2005 to 2010.Conclusion The growth and development among children and adolescents in China still maintains a rapid increasing trend,especially in weight.Gap between urban and rural areas is gradually diminishing.

Comparison of physical fitness of Kirgiz students in 2005 and 2014 in Xinjiang

KUANG Mingliang, ALIMUJIANG Yimiti Taerken

2018, 39(2): 256-259. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.02.028

Abstract(290) PDF(5)

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Objective To investigate changes in physical fitness among Kirgiz primary and secondary school students in Xinjiang during 2005 to 2014.Methods Data came from Chinese National Survey on Students' Constitution and Health,Xinjiang area in 2005 and 2014.Physical fitness of 5 696 primary and secondary school students aged 7-18 years was analyzed and compared.Results Compared with 2005,speed,endurance and explosive power of Kirgiz boys in 2014 increased by 0.15 s,4.13 s and 11.40 cm,respectively,while the performance on pull-ups decreased to 6.36.The explosive power and strength of Kirgiz girls increased by 7.02 cm and 2.87 times/min,while speed and endurance decreased to 0.06 s and 5.81 s,respectively.All the differences were of statistical significance(P<0.05).Conclusion Specific targeted initiatives may be required to increase physical fitness among Kirgiz students and to narrow the gap across them with national average level.

Correlation between refractive errors with axial length to corneal radius of curvature ratio among children of Wuhan

ZHAO Yuanyuan, GONG Jie, LU Benlin, XU Wenlong, LI Fang, YANG Lihua, LYU Meixia, XU Ting, YAN Jing

2018, 39(2): 260-262. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.02.029

Abstract(410) PDF(12)

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Objective To investigate the correlation between refractive error axial length to corneal radius of curvature among children and adolescents.Methods A total of 3 697 children (7 394 eyes) aged 7 to 12 years old were selected from Low Vision Prevention and Treatment Center in Wuhan during January 2015 to January 2016.Refractive information including diopter,axial length,corneal radius of curvature was collected and analyzed.Results The most common refractive error among 7-12 years old children was mild myopia and hyperopia.The prevalence of myopia and presbyopia was 37.80% and 26.06%,respectively.There were statistical significant differences of axial length between different groups.The children in presbyopia group is shorter than those in myopia group.significant differences of corneal radius of curvature and axial length to corneal radius of curvature in different groups.After controlling for possible covariates,the static refraction increases by 10.01 unit with one unit increase in axial length/corneal radius.Conclusion Axial length to corneal radius of curvature ratio correlates with refraction error,could be a sensitive index for refractive status assessment.

Analysis on the trend and influencing factors of college students' physical fitness in Zhejiang Province during 2007-2014

MA Shen, SHAO Yanxia, WANG Baishan

2018, 39(2): 262-264. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.02.030

Abstract(530) PDF(15)

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Objective To understand dynamic trend of physical fitness of college students in Zhejiang province during 2007 -2014.Methods A cluster stratified sample of 1 607 567 undergraduates from Zhejiang were investigated.Chinese National Survey on Students' Constitution and Health standard was used to calculate physical fitness indexes.Results College students in Zhejiang presents varied trend in physical fitness during the period of 2007 to 2014,with slight rebounding around 2010.Rates of excellent,good and passing improved compared with previous years.Flexibility (sit-and-reach test) showed a downward trend.Overweight and obesity rate increased significantly.Vital capacity and body mass index,speed (50 m),explosive power (standing long jump) and endurance (1 000 m/800 m) performance were getting better by year.Conclusion Physical fitness among college students in Zhejiang province is not optimistic.Health promotion needs to be developed in a collaborative manner connecting college,family and community,as well as coordinated development of sports and education,health,education and health.

2018, 39(2): 265-267. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.02.031

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2018, 39(2): 268-271. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.02.032

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2018, 39(2): 271-273. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.02.033

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2018, 39(2): 274-277. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.02.034

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2018, 39(2): 277-280. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.02.035

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2018, 39(2): 281-284. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.02.036

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2018, 39(2): 284-286. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.02.037

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2018, 39(2): 287-289. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.02.038

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2018, 39(2): 289-291. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.02.039

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2018, 39(2): 292-295. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.02.040

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2018, 39(2): 295-297. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.02.041

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2018, 39(2): 298-301. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.02.042

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2018, 39(2): 301-303. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.02.043

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2018, 39(2): 304-306. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.02.044

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2018, 39(2): 307-310. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.02.045

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2018, 39(2): 311-313. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.02.046

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2018, 39(2): 314-317. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.02.047

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2018, 39(2): 317-320. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.02.048

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2018 Vol. 39, No. 2