中国学校卫生

2017, 38(11)

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2017, 38(11)

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2017, 38(11): 1601-1603. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.11.001

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2017, 38(11): 1604-1605. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.11.002

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Association between obesity types and metabolic abnormality in children and adolescents in Jinan

YANG Liu, HOU Yaping, XI Bo

2017, 38(11): 1606-1608,1613. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.11.003

Abstract(320) PDF(8)

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Objective To examine the relationship between obesity types and metabolic abnormality,and to provide scientific evidence for prevention and control of cardiovascular diseases in children and adolescents.Methods A total of 1 170 children and adolescents aged 7-17 years from urban area of Jinan were included in this study.Height,weight,waist circumference (WC) and blood pressure were measured,and the fasting plasma glucose (FPG),triglyceride (TG),high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C),and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were also measured to analyze the relationship between different obesity types and metabolic disorders.Results There were statistical differences in various kinds of biochemical indicators (except for FPG and TC) and the prevalence of metabolism disorders (except for abnormal glucose metabolism) between three groups based on status of body mass index (BMI) and WC(P<0.05),significantly highest in the composite obesity group,moderate increased in general obesity or central obesity group,and lowest in normal BMI and WC group.Compared with normal BMI and WC group,the other two groups had higher risk of metabolic disorders.In predicting at least two metabolic disorders,for example,the odds ratio (OR) of general or central obesity was only 1.50(95%CI=0.78-2.90),the OR of composite obesity was 7.84(95%CI=5.00-12.30).Conclusion BMI and WC should be combined to determine obesity status in child and adolescent physical examination,more effectively prevent and control cardiovascular risk factors in this population.

Comparison of the prevalence of metabolic syndrome according to three definitions among children and adolescents aged 7-17 years in urban area of Jinan

WANG Mingming, LOU Xiaohuan, XI Bo

2017, 38(11): 1609-1613. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.11.004

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Objective To examine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) based on three definitions among children and adolescents,and to provide the scientific basis for identification and prevention of pediatric MS.Methods A total of 1 170 adolescents aged 7-17 years old from four schools in urban area of Jinan were included in the present study.Anthropometric and biochemical data were collected.The prevalence of MS was determined by three definitions:International Diabetes Federation (IDF definition),Society of Pediatrics,Chinese Medical Association (Chinese definition) and National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel Ⅲ modified by Cook (Cook definition).Consistency was evaluated by the kappa coefficient.The prevalence of MS was standardized by the age-sex composition of Chinese population census in 2010.Results The standardized prevalence of MS was 3.24%,5.30% and 6.79%,respectively,according to IDF,Chinese and Cook definitions.The standardized prevalence of MS in males was higher than in females(x2 =8.537,5.132,12.741,P<0.05).There was no statistical difference in prevalence of MS between three age groups according to IDF and Chinese definitions (P>0.05).However,there was statistical difference in MS prevalence using Cook definition between three age groups(x2 =6.355,P<0.05).The consistency was high between the Chinese and Cook definitions,with kappa coefficient of 0.784,but it was weak between IDF definition and Chinese and Cook definitions,with kappa coefficients of 0.700 and 0.547,respectively.Conclusion The standardized prevalence of MS is high among children and adolescents in urban area of Jinan,which should be paid more attentions.In addition,the Chinese and Cook definitions shows high consistency.

An analysis of obesity intervention in primary school students in Nanjing city

WANG Na, HONG Xin, WANG Zhiyong, QI Shengxiang, XU Fei

2017, 38(11): 1614-1617. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.11.005

Abstract(406) PDF(13)

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Objective To evaluate the impact of a school-based intervention for obesity in elementary students in order to provide evidence for exploration of the effective pattern of childhood obesity intervention.Methods A cluster randomized controlled trial was used to select 8 randomly in urban primary schools.Each school was randomly assigned to either the intervention or control group (four schools in each group).Participants were the 4th grade in each participating school.The field intervention was planned to be implemented among intervention group from May 2010 to April 2011.Baseline survey was conducted among 1 182 people(638 people in intervention group,544 people in control group),and 1 129 people were interviewed after intervention(616 people in intervention group,513 people in control group).Results The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 26.5%,27.4% in control group and intervention group before implementation of intervention activity,respectively.The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 20.9%,21.1% in control group and intervention group after implementation of intervention activity,respectively.The differences were of no statistical significance(P>0.05).After one year intervention,students' knowledge,except for the knowledge about "it is good to eat more vegetable and fruits",increased significantly in the intervention group,compared to control group (P<0.05).Conclusion School-based intervention for obesity is successful to improve students' knowledge change relating to obesity control,however it is not effective to control obesity.

Effects of personalized nutrition intervention on obese and wasting students

HUANG Zhenru, BAWUERJIANG · Nadila, GAO Runying, CAI Meiqin

2017, 38(11): 1618-1620,1625. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.11.006

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Objective To evaluate the effect of personalized nutrition intervention on obese and wasting students,and to provide a theoretical basis for further application.Methods A total of 44 obese students and 43 wasting students from a primary school in Shanghhai were included.Students and their parents in the intervention group participated in a nine-month personalized intervention.The interventions included targeted nutrition education,follow-ups,meal-intervention,WeChat media spreading and online nutrition consttltancy.The nutrition questionnaires were conducted among all students and parents and the students' height,weight,body fat as well as skinfold thickness were examined before and after the intervention.Results Compared to the control group,students' scores of intervention group in nutrition knowledge,attitude and behavior were significantly improved by 0.66,0.96 and 1.66,respectively after the intervention(Z=-2.274,-2.850,-2.120,P<0.05).The change of BMI and body fat was not seen in the statistical way (P>0.05).The skinfold thickness of triceps and subscapular decreased in intervention group of obese students(t=-2.491,2.149,P<0.05),but increased among wasting students(t=-2.674,-2.752,P

The influence of exercise and nutrition on college students' healthy lifestyles

ZHONG Yong, WANG Wenlei, GAO Jinchao, LIU Yanan, DU Kangli

2017, 38(11): 1621-1625. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.11.007

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Objective To understand the healthy life behavior,nutrition and extracurricular physical training of college students in China,and to provide a reference for putting forward the corresponding suggestions.Methods A cross-sectional survey was used to select 2 261 undergraduates from 4 comprehensive universities in China to have questionnaires.Results The standardized score of the healthy lifestyle of college students was 65.7 points,the standardized scores of 8 dimensions were between 50-70 points,of which the standardized score of "exercise" was the lowest(only 52.1 points).Nutritional Knowledge (K score),Attitude (A score) and behavior (P score) were (10.5±3.6) (20.8±4.2) (18.3±3.7) points,respectively.According to Logistic regression analysis,nutrition K,A and P scores,intensity of each exercise,the importance of physical exercise to people's overall health,the number of physical exercises during the school week (except physical education),whether they were willing to take part in physical exercise,and the present attitude of after-school physical exercise were positively correlated with the overall score of healthy lifestyle (P<0.05).Conclusion The college students have got a low evaluation score in their healthy life-style and they have got the lowest score in sports exercise,a relatively low score in the nutrition knowledge.Most students have a relatively good attitude towards nutrition,but lack of the motivation of the transformation into behavior.The students of good extracurricular exercises have a better selfevaluation of their healthy lifestyle.

Participation into physical exercise of primary and middle school students in Jiangsu Province

ZHANG Ru, DING Xiaoyan, LI Haifeng

2017, 38(11): 1626-1628,1632. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.11.008

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Objective To understand the current situation of physical exercise participation among primary and secondary school students aged 7 to 18 in Jiangsu Province,and to provide reference for the development of school sports development policies.Methods The method of stratified cluster sampling was used to select 6 847 students aged 7-18 from 30 schools in 8 cities,including Nanjing,Xuzhou,from Suqian,Changzhou,Wuxi,Suzhou,Yangzhou and Nantong,to receive a questionnaire about their participation in physical exercise.Results Middle and primary school students aged 7-18 in Jiangsu Province were lack of physical exercise in school,less than 17% students could participate in physicial exercise for lh each day;79.20% of parents supported their children to participate in extracurricular physical exercise.With the growth of grade,students' extracurricular sports exercise participation ratio was decreased;The students of mastering 1 sports skill accounted forthe highest proportion(47.46%),and 8.39% of the students had not mastered the 1 exercise skill in their senior middle school.Conclusion The primary and middle school students in Jiangsu should strengthen their physical activities both inside and outside the school.Schools and parents should pay attention to physical exercises,cooperate with each other,and establish a linkage mechanism between schools and families to promote the healthy growth of students together.

Effects of life skills education via WeChat among medical students

LI Qingyu, MA Yinghua, HU Yifei, LIANG Longyan, PENG Huacan, WANG Yixin, LI Yuanbo, GAO Disi, ZHANG Wenjing

2017, 38(11): 1629-1632. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.11.009

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Objective To understand the life skills level and population difference of medical students,explore the effect of life skills education via WeChat platform and identify its influencing factors.Methods Convenient sampling method was used to recruit volunteers from 4 medical colleges in Heilongjiang Province.According to the quasi-experimental design,self-designed intervention materials were pushed via WeChat platform from October 13th to December 5th,2016.Exante and expost equestionnaires,including Self-rating Depression Scale and self-designed Life Skills Scale were sent to all subjects subscribing to the platform,totally 914 questionnaires who completed both questionnaires were collected at baseline and final,respectively.Results The average score of Life Skills Scale at baseline was (77.78± 11.72) points,whereas the mean final score was (77.45± 12.57) points.After the intervention,students with higher academic performance,higher economic level and lower baseline depression level had higher scores (P<0.05).After adjusting for other factors,the total score was increased by (1.70 ± 0.93) points after intervention,and female students,students at moderate or above the economic level,and depressive students at baseline had more improvement (P<0.05).Conclusion The education of life skills via WeChat platform,influenced by many factors,is effective.With great potential for improvement,health intervention based on new media should be promoted and combined with the school's health education in the future.

Analysis of influencing factors of HIV test among university MSM students in Chengdu

YANG Shifan, ZHANG Jiaqi, FAN Chaonan, LI Juchen, YIN Wenhao, ZHANG Jianxin

2017, 38(11): 1633-1636. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.11.010

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Objective To understand the HIV detection rate and its influencing factors among university MSM students in Chengdu,and to provide a guidance for the establishment of health education strategies of AIDS prevention in universities.Methods Respondent-driven sampling (RDS) was involved in this study during July to December in 2016.One-to-one questionnaire survey was conducted among 254 university MSM students in Chengdu.Descriptive analysis was for qualitative data while single factor analysis and unconditional Logistic regression analysis were carried out on the influencing factors.Results The HIV detection rate was 35.4% (90/254) in the latest one year,in which 65.4% (166/254) of them had a clear HIV test willingness,and 37.8% (96/254) were aware of the knowledge and value of HIV test.Among them,61.4% (156/254) were willing to select HIV test institutions and 19.7% (50/254) tended to self-test.In the latest month,the rate of high-risk sexual behavior was 15%(38/254),and 82.3% (209/254) of them had a strong risk consciousness.With non-conditional Logistic regression analysis,variables which included the sense of risk,having high-risk sexual behavior in the latest month,test willingness,whether the people around having tested,main approach of looking for sexual partners and knowing Chengdu gay bar finally entered the model.Conclusion The HIV detection rate of Chengdu university MSM students is low,suggesting that the influencing factors should be targeted,behavior intervention be strengthened,MSM students be motivated to participate in test,and the coverage of HIV test should be expanded to prevent the AIDS epidemic worsening.

Analysis on prevalence of suicide ideation and its related factors among junior school students

ZHU Qi, XIA Qinghua, YU Yan, ZHOU Peng, YU Li, JIANG Yu

2017, 38(11): 1637-1640. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.11.011

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Objective To learn the prevalence of the suicide ideation among the junior school students in Changning district and explore the possible influencing factors,and to provide the scientific reference for effectively preventing the students from suicide.Methods A total of 1 011 middle school students were selected from Changning district by stratified cluster random sampling method,and questionnaire surveys were conducted by using self-designed questionnaire in an anonymous and closed way.Results In 1 011 surveyed students,about 25.02% students had suicide ideation,3.17% students' suicide ideation was strong,1.78% students might commitle suicide.Totally 27.02% of girls and 23.29% of boys were reported of suicide ideation.There was statistical significant difference between genders(x2 =14.209,P<0.01).Boys' suicide ideation was stronger than girls'.There was statistical significant difference between grades(x2=24.468,P<0.05) and test levels(x2=26.640,P<0.05).Those in higher grade and lower test level were easier to have suicide ideation.Totally 22 life events were related to suicide ideation(P<0.05).The most relevant events were the mood of study-weariness and study pressure from family(x2=127.542,116.451,P<0.01),44.34% in the former and 34.76% in the latter were reported of suicide ideation.Totally 42 parental rearing patterns were related to suicide ideation(P<0.05).Gender,age,disliking going to school,learning pressure from family,parents' over interference and severe punishment were risk factors of suicide ideation(OR=2.143.1.310,2.406,1.302,1.501,1.653).Conclusion The measure should be taken to prevent the suicide ideation in accordance to the psychological health of adolescents.Family,school and society should unite together to create a comfortable,cozy living and learning environment.

Intervention study of the improvement of narrative group counseling on college students interpersonal communication

WANG Xin, LI Yan

2017, 38(11): 1641-1643,1647. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.11.012

Abstract(316) PDF(9)

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Objective To explore the interventional effect of narrative group counseling on college students with interpersonal problems and to provide references for improving the interpersonal ability of college students.Methods Through the assessment of Interpersonal Relationship Integrative Diagnostic Scale(IRIDS) and interview,thirty-two college students with interpersonal problems were randomly assigned into experimental group and control group.The experimental group was provided with narrative group counseling once a week for 6 weeks.IRIDS and Social Avoidance and Distress Scale(SADS) were used to assess the interpersonal level in two groups before and after the group counseling.Results Before the group counseling,there was no significant difference in the facors of interpersonal level,social avoidance,and distress between two groups(P>0.05);after the group counseling,the differences before and after measured were statistically significant in conversation,communication,heterosexual intercourse,interpersonal total score,social avoidance,social distress and social total score beween two groups (P<0.05);four weeks after the group counseling,the differences before and after measured were statistically significant in conversation,communication,heterosexual intercourse,social avoidance,social distress and social total score beween two groups(P<0.05).Conclusion Narrative group counseling can improve the level of interpersonal communication,social avoidance and social distress,and has a lasting effect.

Effect evaluation of using WeChat public platform on health literacy intervention among college students

ZHANG Hua, DONG Yinfeng, SUN Zhiling, GAO Haixia, ZHAO Ke, WANG Sainan, CHEN Kangkai, ZHUANG Yu

2017, 38(11): 1644-1647. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.11.013

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Objective To understand the intervention effect of Wechat public platform on health literacy intervention,and to provide a reference for enriching the technology and methods of health education among college students.Methods One medical college and one non-medical college were selected from Nanjing,and one major from each school,then the classes of first grade in each major were randomly divided into intervention group(232) and control group(231) to have questionnaries,and education intervention on health literacy via WeChat was conducted in the intervention group.Results The average scores of health literacy and dimensions of health knowledge,health behavior,health skill and health status in intervention group were(72.97±11.65) (28.51± 5.79) (23.25±6.45) (14.18 ± 2.94) (7.03 ± 2.90),respectively.The average scores of health literacy and dimensions were improved(P<0.05).Significant differences were found between the intervention group and the control group in health literacy scores and dimensions of health knowledge,health behavior,health skill(P<0.05).Changes were perceived among the proportion of high,low and marginal health literacy level,with the proportion of high literacy rising to 52.6%,marginal health literacy falling to 33.2%,and low health literacy declining to 14.2%.Significant differences were also found between the intervention group and the control group in proportion of the different level of health literacy(P<0.05).Conclusion WeChat public platform is an effective intervention approach to improve college students' health literacy level and develop the diverse approach of health education,which may provide suggestions to the health literacy intervention among college students.

Intervention effect of electroencephalogram biological feedback on adolescents with Internet addiction

CHENG Gengjinsheng, LUO Jianghong

2017, 38(11): 1648-1650. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.11.014

Abstract(295) PDF(12)

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Objective To explore the interventione effect of the multi-channel electroencephalogram biological feedback on the teenagers of Intemet addiction,and to provide reference for conducting intervention among adolescents with Internet addiction.Methods Totally fifty cases of Internet addiction teenagers were randomly divided into two groups.Totally 25 cases were taken multi-channel biofeedback treatment;else teenagers were taken traditional psychological behavior intervention.Diagnosis scale of Young's Internet Addiction Test (IAT) and Self-evaluation of the Anxiety Scale(SAS) were used to evaluate the curative effect of the two groups.All subjects filled in these two scales before and after the treatment.Results IAT score of test group decreased from 72.78 to 58.67 (t =4.267,P< 0.01) after 12 weeks treatment,SAS score of test group decreased from 36.84 to 30.35(t =3.689,P=0.001);IAT score of control group decreased from 72.47 to 65.05(t =2.181,P=0.039),SAS score of control group decreased from 37.07 to 33.23(t =2.216,P=0.036).However,both the scores of two scales of the test group were significantly lower than the scores of the control group (t =2.092,2.101,P<0.05).The effective rate of test group(32%) was significantly higher than that of control group(8%) (x2 =4.500,P=0.034).Conclusion The curative effect of multi-channel biofeedback treatment is more effective than traditional psychological behavior intervention,but it cannot completely correct Internet addiction behavior in 12 weeks.

Relationships between depression with family intimacy and adaptability among adolescents

WANG Liqing, LI Qiao, GU Chen, ZHU Huiquan

2017, 38(11): 1650-1652. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.11.015

Abstract(364) PDF(8)

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Objective To examine relationships between family intimacy and adaptability with depression among adolescents in Haikou,and to provide scintific basis for prevention of adolescent depression.Methods A total of 4 995 students in Haikou city were chosen by using the random cluster sampling strategy and administered with Children Depression Scale and FACES Ⅱ.Results The score of familial intimacy in students with depressive symptoms(60.64± 10.30) were lower than those without depressive symptoms(69.4± 10.84) (t =27.449,P<0.05).Students with depressive symptoms (39.69±8.70 v.s.45.70±8.99,t =22.276,P <0.05) scored lower familial adaptability,had higher proportion of extreme family type (35.7% v.s.27.1%;x2 =34.475,P<0.05) compared to students without depressive symptoms.Family intimacy and adaptability was negatively correlated with negative emotions (r=-0.49,P<0.05;r=-0.42,P<0.05),low self-efficacy (r=-0.53,P<0.05;r=-0.49,P<0.05),interpersonal problems (r=-0.42,P<0.05;r=-0.38,P<0.05),lack of pleasure and interest (r=-0.60,P<0.05;r=-0.59,P<0.05),and total score of depressive symptoms (r=-0.46,P<0.05;r=-0.41,P<0.05).Conclusion Family intimacy and adaptability are closely related to depression in adolescents,especially among students from extreme families.Warm family environment is crucial for optimal mental health development of youth.

Cross-lagged regression analysis of relationship between resilience and freshmen adaptation

YU Meng, XU Qian, HE Yuanyuan, CAO Jingyi, WANG Jianping

2017, 38(11): 1653-1656. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.11.016

Abstract(270) PDF(8)

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Objective To explore the causal relationship between resilience and freshmen adaptation,and to provide a reference for instructing the freshmen to adjust to college life.Methods A two-wave (T1,T2) longitudinal study with an interval of three months was conducted among 783 participants who were recruited from two universities in Sichuan Province.Results Resilience of two measurements was statistically correlated with freshmen adaptation(r =0.742,0.557,P<0.01).Resilience showed a high stability between the first survey and follow-up measurement.The cross-lagged regression analysis showed that there was a casual relationship between resilience and freshmen adapatation.The subjects of the survey were classified into high-score group and low-score group of resilience in accordance with the level of resilience of the first measurement.The cross-lagged regression analysis indicated that only the first measurement of resilience could predict and measure freshmen adaptation in both two groups(β=0.362,0.511,P<0.01).Conclusion More attention should be paid on those individuals with lower level of resilience,and to facilitate freshmen's adaptation and positive development from the perspective of promoting resilience.

Attentional traits towards positive or negative emotional stimuli among students with different dispositional coping

JIA Xiaodu, LI Zhiyong

2017, 38(11): 1657-1660. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.11.017

Abstract(313) PDF(6)

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Objective To explore attentional traits towards positive or negative emotional stimuli among students with different dispositional coping,and to provide new ideas for psychological counseliy workers to improve coping tendencies.Methods Eighty-six college students were divided into two groups according to the score on Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire.Among them,37 were classified as positive dispositional coping and 49 negative one.All participants were randomly assigned to positive or negative emotional stimuli.Attentional bias scores were recorded by the dot probe task.Results Attentional bias scores were higher towards positive than negative emotional stimuli for positive dispositional coping group (19.44±25.91 vs 2.26±25.27) (F=5.70,P<0.05),and for negative dispositional coping group (9.96±24.67 vs 7.88±25.12) (F =4.53,P<0.05).Towards positive emotional stimuli,positive dispositional coping subjects showed significant attentional bias (19.44±25.91)(t=3.093,P<0.01) and difficulty disengaging attention (12.57± 19.12)(t =2.71,P<0.05) to positive pictures.Towards negative emotional stimuli,negative dispositional coping subjects showed difficulty disengaging attention to positive pictures (12.93±17.33) (t=3.34,P<0.01).Conclusion Positive dispositional coping subjects show an attentional bias towards positive emotional stimuli as well as deep levels of attention processing,while those negative coping individuals might endorse an attentional bias and deep levels of attention processing towards negative emotional stimuli.

Evaluation of in-school physical activity of grade one in senior high school students in Xicheng District

ZHOU Yu, FENG Qiang

2017, 38(11): 1661-1664,1670. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.11.018

Abstract(225) PDF(6)

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Objective To evaluate in-school physical activity level of high school students in Beijing,in order to provide evidence for school to take strategies to promote physical activity level of students.Methods A total of 208 healthy adolescents (102 boys and 106 girls) were recruited from six high schools in Xicheng District.ActiGraph GT3X+ was used to measure in-school physical activity of subjects.Results During school time,girls spent more time on sedentary behavior and less time on LPA and MVPA than boys(P<0.01).The same situation showed in PE class.In different levels of high school,students of third level high schools spent more time on sedentary behavior and less time on MVPA than students of first and second level high schools(P< 0.01).In PE class,boys spent 13 minutes on sedentary behavior and 15 minutes on MVPA,while girls spent 19 minutes on sedentary behavior and 10 minutes on MVPA.None of the students' MVPA time met physical activity guideline.Conclusion Girls has got a lower level of physical activity than boys.Middle school students spent less time on moderate and highly-extensive sports in PE class.Students in school of type 1 and 2 had a higher level of in-school physical activity than those in school of type 3.

A Meta-analysis of characteristics of non-suicidal self-injury among middle school students in mainland China

HAN Azhu, XU Geng, SU Puyu

2017, 38(11): 1665-1670. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.11.019

Abstract(929) PDF(91)

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Objective To explore the prevalent characteristics of non-suicidal self-injury among middle school students in mainland China,and to provide basic information for prevention and intervention.Methods The relevant studies,which reported the prevalence of non-suicidal self-injury in middle school students among mainland China,were systematically searched via electronic databases,including China Biological Medicine(CBM),China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),VIP database,Wanfang database,PubMed,Embase,and Web of science.Meta-analysis was conducted by using R software and its Meta packages.Subgroup analysis was conducted according to gender,senior/junior,urban/rural,whether was only child or not,the research region and the research year period,and sensitivity analysis and publication bias were performed.Results A total of 22 eligible studies,with 146 936 middle school students,were finally included.The pooled prevalence of non-suicidal self-injury was 27.4% (95%CI=24.5%-30.2%).Subgroup analysis of non-suicidal self-injury in Chinese middle school students showed that the pooled estimate of prevalence for male(27.2%) was higher than that in female(25.6%);the prevalence of more than one child(28.8%) was higher than that of only child(28.0%);rural middle school students(32.2%) was higher than in urban(27.7%);middle region (32.3%) was higher than eastern(25.4%),western(30.1%) and northeastern(5.5%) regions;research year period among 2012 and then (31.4%) was higher than before 2012(22.7%).All of those differences were statistically significant(x2 =237.03,9.85,39.28,531,58,120.95,P<0.05).No publication bias was found in the researched literature,and the results were robust.Conclusion The pooled prevalence of non-suicidal self-injury among middle school students in mainland China is quite high,and there are differences between gender,urban/rural,whether only child or not,the research region,and the research year period.

Trends of pulmonary function among youth aged 7-18 in Heilongjiang province from 1985 to 2014

KONG Weikaixin, WANG Zhenghe, MA Jun

2017, 38(11): 1671-1674,1678. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.11.020

Abstract(268) PDF(4)

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Objective To analyze the trends of pulmonary function among youth aged 7-18 in Heilongjiang province from 1985 to 2014,and to provide evidence for health promotion.Methods Data were collected from National Surveys on Students Constitution and Health (1985 to 2014).Vital capacity and vital capacity-weight index was analyzed among urban boys and girls,as well as rural boys and girls.Results From 1985 to 2014,the vital capacity-weight index among urban boys decreased by 16.15 mL/kg and vital capacity decreased by 76.08 mL;the figures were 14.33 mL/kg and 204.83 mL among urban girls,15.48 mL/kg and 88.27 mL among rural boys,14.37 mL/kg and 240.19 mL among rural girls.In general,pulmonary function showed significant decreasing trend from 1985 to 2005 and slightly increasing trend from 2010 to 2014.Conclusion Over the past three decades,pulmonary function among 7-18 year-old students in Heilongjiang province shows decreasing trends,especially in urban area and boys.Comprehension and effective measures should be taken into action.

Correlational study of violent video game exposure and aggression among adolescents in Shaanxi Province

GOU He, LI Jinghua

2017, 38(11): 1675-1678. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.11.021

Abstract(400) PDF(7)

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Objective To explore the correlation between adolescents' violent video game exposure and aggression,so that to provide a reference for decreasing the violent attacks among teenagers.Methods Mixed method was applied in this study.Firstly,a cluster sampling was used to select 200 juvenile offenders and 182 middle school students.Game rating,game preference and gaming motivation were investigated through self-report questionnaire and aggression level was measured via Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire.Totally 10 typical interviewees,including 6 criminal juvenile offenders and 4 middle school students,were selected for semi-structured interviews based on the results of the questionnaire.Results There was a positive correlation between the preferred game rating and aggressiveness of adolescents(r=0.20,P<0.01).Compared with middle school students,juvenile offenders spent more time (x2 =105.14) on video games and played more frequently (x2 =146.70).And they had more intensive motivation on "seeking for stimulation" (x2 =11.02) and "making friends"(x2 =17.05) (P<0.01).While compared with juvenile offenders,middle school students were more likely to prefer to "puzzle games"(x2 =11.04) and "turn-based strategy games" (x2 =19.01) which ask for more intelligence from game players(P<0.01).However,there was no significantly statistical difference (x2 =1.85,df=3,P=0.61) in the degree of violence between video games played by these two groups,which indicated that violent games are not the cause of juvenile delinquency.Conclusion There are significant differences in game behavior between juvenile offenders and middle school students.Although a positive correlation between preferred game rating and aggression is found,violent video games could not be regarded as the cause of juvenile delinquency.

Cardiorespiratory fitness percentiles for school-age children and adolescents in Shanghai

YANG Yang, WU Yanqiang, WANG Xiangjun, PENG Ningning

2017, 38(11): 1679-1681. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.11.022

Abstract(362) PDF(6)

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Objective To establish the normal values and curves of the vital capacity of children and adolescents in Shanghai,and to provide basis for monitoring the changes of Cardiopulmonary function of children and adolescents in the area.Methods Data for this study were obtained from cross-sectional surveys of 15 308 schoolchildren form 6 districts in 2014,using LMS method to establish the percentile values and curves.Results Sex,age-specific percentiles of P3,P5,P10,P15,P25,P50,P75,Ps5,Pg0,P95,P97 and curve of endurance running was calculated.The endurance running ability of 7-12 year old male and female students showed an upward trend in 2014,shanghai.The endurance running ability of 13-18 year old male and female students showed first rise and then decrease trend.The P85,Pg5 of all age groups were higher than that of the same period in China.The vital capacity level of students showed an gender and age characteristics.,7-12 year old boys and girls percentile curve basically the same,13-18 year old boys showed a sustained rise,13-15 years of age rose girls,after 15 years of decline,17 to 18 years old slightly increased.Conclusion The figure of the percentile of vital capacity of children and adolescents provides an intuitive evaluation method for the functional measurement of children and adolescents in this region.

HIV/AIDS epidemic and high-risky behaviors among youth in Nanning during 2010-2015

NONG Quanxing, CEN Ping, DENG Xiaofang, XU Hong, LIN Qian, LI Sisi, YAO Min

2017, 38(11): 1682-1684. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.11.023

Abstract(264) PDF(4)

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Objective To investigate HIV/AIDS epidemic and high-risky behaviors among youth in Nanning during 2010-2015 and to provide scientific evidence for HIV/AIDS prevention and control.Methods Data from National HIV Prevention and Treatment Information System were used to analyze HIV/AIDS epidemic among students aged >15 years.High-risky behaviors and associated factors were collected through the sentinel surveillance data during 2010-2015.Results A total of 126 students aged > 15 years had been reported as HIV/AIDS cases,of which 120 cases being male and 6 cases being female.All of the infection were sexually transmitted,including 68.25% reported homosexually transmission and 31.75% hetero sexual.More male youth reported having had sex (x2 =51.91,P<0.01) or had a spouse or heterosexual sex partner(x2 =51.91,P<0.01),compared to female youth.During 2010-2015,the increasing trend in one-time hook up within 1 year was found among female students(x2=5.81,P<0.05).Nearly 1.2% male youth reported anal intercourse.Rate of anal intercourse was significantly higher in 2015 compared to 2011-2015 (x2=11.14,P<0.01).Commercial sex was more common among males(x2=6.51,P<0.05).More students reported having received HIV/AIDS related education during 2014-2015 compared to 2010-2013(x2=380.05,P<0.01).No differences were found in HIV/AIDS testing among youth by year(x2 =3.78,P>0.05).Conclusion The number of youth infected with HIV/AIDS shows increasing trend during 2010-2015.Homosexuality might be the leading cause.One-time hook up,commercial sex and low HIV testing remains common among youth in Nanning.The present study calls for comprehensive HIV/AIDS prevention measures and HIV testing awareness among high-risk young people.

Correlation analysis of the permanent caries, primary caries and caries filling among Guangzhou primary and middle school students

LIU Juhua, TAN Miaoyu, CHEN Ge, YANG Jiewen, WANG Qi, GUO Yangfeng, GAO Yanhui

2017, 38(11): 1685-1687. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.11.024

Abstract(274) PDF(11)

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Objective To evaluate the relationship among the number of primary caries and filled caries and dental caries,and toprovide the reference and basis for the prevention of dental caries.Methods A total of 5 272 students aged 7,9,12 and 14 in primary and middle schools of Guangzhou were offered with oral examination to record the situation of primary and permanent teeth and caries filling.And the negative binomial regression to analyze the impact of primary caries and filled caries on dental caries.Results The caries rates of deciduous teeth among students aged 7,9,12 in Guangzhou were 48.24%,45.21%,6.10%,respectively,and those of permanent teeth among students aged 7,9,12,14 were 0.61%,2.85%,10.14% and 14.28%,respectively.The caries rates of boys and girls were 35.04% and 34.08%,respectively,and the prevalence rates of permanent teeth were 4.88% and 8.82%,respectively.With a constant number of caries outcome variables,the research analyzed the impact of caries of constant caries,and after adjusting their age,gender and urban and rural areas,the estimated value in the negative two discrete parameter K regression modelwas 16.37(95%CI=9.27-28.90),the girls were usually more susceptible to constant caries.The older the students were,the higher intensity of their constant caries,and there were statistically significant (x2 =41.09,13.32,19,40,P <0.01);Two teeth fitting negative regression model showed that after adjustment for age,gender and urban and rural areas,association between students of caries filling of decidous and permanent teeth and permanent teeth caries were statistically significant(β =1.00,2.76,P<0.05).The dental caries of deciduous teeth caries filling had a protective effect on permanent teeth caries after incoporating deciduous and permanent teeth caries repair and compensation into the model (β =-1.09,95% CI=-1.72--0.46,P<0.01).And the association between permanent teeth caries filling and deciduous teeth caries was of statistical significance(β=2.99,3.02,95%CI=2.65-3.39,P<0.01).Conclusion The more serious denatl caries students in primary and middle schools suffer from,the more serious caries they have.Filling the deciduous teeth caries can reduce caries effectively.

Epidemiological characteristics and risk factors of injury among primary school students in Pudong New Area, Shanghai

REN Yaping, SHEN Huiping, BAI Pinqing, HU Hui, LU Wenying, WU Tianfeng, QIN Cun

2017, 38(11): 1688-1690,1693. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.11.025

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Objective To explore epidemiological characteristics of injury and its influence factors among primary school students in Pudong district of Shanghai city,thus to provide a scientific reference for making effective prevention measures.Methods Random stratified cluster sampling method was used to investigate the injuries among 6 093 primary school students in Shanghai,Pudong New Area,and the incidence and influence factors of injury in the past one year among the students were studied.Results The incidence of injury among primary school students was 22.99%.The incidence rate of male students(24.86%) was higher than that of female (21.03%),the difference was statistically significant(x2 =12.640,P<0.05).There was no statistical difference in the distribution of injury among different ages(x2 =2.084,2.972,P>0.05).The main injury types were falling (14.21%),collision/crush (7.41%) and sharp injury (2.64%).The injury,accounting for 61.24%,occurred mainly in May and July to October.Home and school were the most common places where the injury occurred,accounting for 34.84% and 27.11%,respectively.On the other hand injury usually occurred on lower limbs(37.93%) and fingers/toes(21.11%).The unconditional Logistic regression showed that the risk factors were the only child in the family,fighting on campus frequently,being punished by corporal punishment and often talking about injuries by their parents(OR=1.238,1.217,1.381,1.144,1.336,P<0.01).Parents' putting the study pressure on their children,and often instructing children to pay attention to safety in school could prevent injury effectively(OR=0.609,0.764,P<0.01).Conclusion The incidence of injury among primary school students in Pudong New Area is high,and intervention measures should be taken for the main types of injury such as fall.Parents' attention to injury problems and safety education for their children can prevent injuries effectively.

The prevalence of carrier status of pathogens of Hand Foot and Mouth disease among healthy children in Chengdu kindergartens in different periods

JIANG Xiaoman, PINGCUO Zhuoma, CHEN Heng, HAN Delin

2017, 38(11): 1691-1693. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.11.026

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Objective This study aimed to analyze the prevalence of carrier status of pathogens of Hand Foot and Mouth disease among healthy children in Chengdu kindergartens in different periods and to provide a scientific reference for developing strategies for the prevention and control of HFMD.Methods Random sampling method was used to select 758 healthy children from 120 kindergartens in Chengdu,and they were tested with real-time PCR to get the information on enteroviruses during the period of highs and lows.Results The positive rate of enterovirus in healthy children was 8.93% in epidemic period,and the positive rate was 2.13% in non-epidemic period.The positive rate in epidemic period was higher than that in non-epidemic period(x2 =17.70,P<0.01).The positive rate of other enteroviruses in epidemic period was 7.44% which was higher than that in non-epidemic period(x2 =12.30,P<0.01).The positive rate of enterovirus among healthy children in urban was higher than that in suburbs in epidemic period(x2 =10.47,P=0.001).The incidence of other enteroviruses in healthy children was higher than that in the confirmed cases (x2=28.26,P<0.01).The rates of CA16 and EV71 were lower than those in the confirmed cases(P<0.01).Conclusion In epidemic periods we should strengthen the prevention and control work of HFMD in urban,carry out pathogen surveillance on other enteroviruses,and focus on the prevalence of EV71 carrying among healthy children in Chengdu.

Comparative study of prevalence of anemia in Han and Li minority students from poor areas of Hainan Province

ZHAO Chanjuan, YI Cong, ZHANG Fan, ZHOU Jing, LIU Yumei

2017, 38(11): 1694-1696. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.11.027

Abstract(380) PDF(5)

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Objective To analyze the prevalence of anemia among Han and Li students in poor areas of Hainan Province.Methods Four primary schools and 4 middle schools were selected.One to two classes from each grade were randomly chosen from schools located in poor areas of Hainan province.Fasting venous blood samples were collected,HiCN,HPLC and LC-MS/MS methods were used to determine hemoglobin,retinol and 25(OH) D concentration (including 25(OH) D3 and 25(OH) D2).Results A total of 1 324 students were enrolled,including 662 boys and 662 girls.The overall prevalence of anemia was 6.6%(87/1 324).Prevalence of anemia among Li students(9.6%) was higher than that among Han students (3.1%) (x2=22.810,P<0.01),while no gender difference was found in anemia prevalence (x2=0.603,P=0.438).Specifically,prevalence of anemia among Han male,Han female,Li male,Li female students was 3.7%,2.5%,8.0%,11.3% respectively.Logistic regression analysis suggested that students with marasmus or vitamin A deficiency(VAD) had a higher risk of anemia(OR=1.847,1.701).Conclusion The overall prevalence of is not a serious problem among Hart and Li minority students in poor areas of Hainan,however,prevention and treatment of iron deficiency and anemia still needs to be implemented,especially among Li minority students.Cautions should be paid to the association between anemia and body mass index.

Influence of winter haze weather on lung function of primary school students in a city

WANG Liru, GAO Lihua, QUE Hanya

2017, 38(11): 1697-1699,1703. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.11.028

Abstract(299) PDF(6)

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Objective To understand the influence of winter haze weather on lung function of primary school students,and to provide a reference for preventing and controlling their respiratory diseases.Methods According to the China Air Quality Online Monitoring and Analysis Platform 2016 data,two primary schools were selected in the city,one nearby PM2.5 relatively light pollution monitoring points and the other nearby PM2.5 relatively heavy pollution monitoring points,and one class of grade three to five was randomly selected from each primary school,all the students had a lung function test in a non-haze day before the heating period and a haze day during the heating period.Results The first lung function test was conducted among 362 students,and the second one among 359 students.A total of 338 students completed two lung function tests.There was no statistically significant difference in height and weight between the students of two schools(P<0.05);In non-haze day,the FVC of primary school boys in light pollution area was lower than that of heavily pollution area(P<0.05),the PEF of primary school girls in light pollution area was higher than that of heavily pollution area,and the FEF75 of primary school in light pollution area was higher than that of heavily pollution area(P<0.05);in the lightly polluted area,the boys' FVC in non-haze day was higher than that in haze day(P<0.05),and the girls' FEV1,PEF,FEF25,FEF75 were higher in non-haze day than in haze day(P<0.05);the boys' FVC in heavily polluted area and overall FVC were higher in non-haze day and the FEF75 was lower in non-haze day(P<0.05).Conclusion The haze weather has influenced the lung function of primary school students in some city,and the government should make more efforts in controlling air pollution to ensure the health growth of students.

Air quality analysis of gymnasium in elementary and secondary schools in Yinchuan

YIN Ding, SHI Bing

2017, 38(11): 1700-1703. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.11.029

Abstract(249) PDF(4)

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Objective To investigate air quality of gymnasiums in elementary and secondary schools Yinchuan,and to provide the basis for better air quality improvement.Methods Twelve gymnasiums from elementary and secondary schools in Yinchuan were investigated,including CO2,formaldehyde,PM2.5,temperature and relative humidity according to national standards of Hygienic Standard for Gymnasium(GB 9668-1996).Results The density of CO2 in elementary and secondary schools gymnasiums before open hour was less than the national maximum level(0.15%).However,it showed higher than 0.15% 1h after open.The density of CO2 reached 0.25% in 16.7% secondary schools,66.7% higher of the national standard,while it reached to 0.21 mg/m3 in 16.7% elementary schools,75% higher of the national standard.The mean value of CO2 density 24 hours after open was higher than 0.15%.The density of the inhalable particle (PM2.5) before opening was less than national maximal standards (0.25 mg/m3),however,it increased to 0.62 mg/m3 an hour after opening in 16.7% secondary schools which was 148% higher of the national standard.Mean value of PM2.5 24 hours after opening was higher than 0.25 mg/m3.The temperature before and an hour after open in line with national lowest standard(16 ℃).The relative humidity before and after opening was slightly lower than national standard.Conclusion Air quality of gymnasiums in Yinchuan remains a concern in many elementary and secondary schools which needs further attention.

2017, 38(11): 1704-1706. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.11.030

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2017, 38(11): 1706-1708. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.11.031

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2017, 38(11): 1709-1712. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.11.032

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2017, 38(11): 1712-1714. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.11.033

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2017, 38(11): 1715-1717. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.11.034

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2017, 38(11): 1718-1720. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.11.035

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2017, 38(11): 1721-1723. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.11.036

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2017, 38(11): 1724-1727. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.11.037

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2017, 38(11): 1727-1730. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.11.038

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2017, 38(11): 1731-1734. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.11.039

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2017, 38(11): 1735-1737. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.11.040

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2017, 38(11): 1737-1740. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.11.041

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2017, 38(11): 1741-1743. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.11.042

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2017, 38(11): 1744-1746. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.11.043

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2017, 38(11): 1746-1748. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.11.044

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2017, 38(11): 1749-1752. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.11.045

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2017, 38(11): 1753-1757. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.11.046

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2017, 38(11): 1757-1760. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2017.11.047

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2017 Vol. 38, No. 11