Analysis of classroom environment hygiene in primary and secondary schools in Guizhou Province from 2022 to 2024

HUANG Xiaoli; ZHANG Xiaoqin; LI Xin; PENG Xiying; WANG Zhuan; LU Xiujuan

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025215

Volume 46 Issue 7

Jul. 2025

Turn off MathJax

Article Contents

Article Navigation > CHINESE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH > 2025 > 46(7): 1032-1036

HUANG Xiaoli, ZHANG Xiaoqin, LI Xin, PENG Xiying, WANG Zhuan, LU Xiujuan. Analysis of classroom environment hygiene in primary and secondary schools in Guizhou Province from 2022 to 2024[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH, 2025, 46(7): 1032-1036. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025215

Citation:

HUANG Xiaoli, ZHANG Xiaoqin, LI Xin, PENG Xiying, WANG Zhuan, LU Xiujuan. Analysis of classroom environment hygiene in primary and secondary schools in Guizhou Province from 2022 to 2024[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH, 2025, 46(7): 1032-1036. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025215

Citation:

HUANG Xiaoli, ZHANG Xiaoqin, LI Xin, PENG Xiying, WANG Zhuan, LU Xiujuan. Analysis of classroom environment hygiene in primary and secondary schools in Guizhou Province from 2022 to 2024[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH, 2025, 46(7): 1032-1036. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025215

PDF( 985 KB)

Analysis of classroom environment hygiene in primary and secondary schools in Guizhou Province from 2022 to 2024

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025215

Department of School Health, Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou Province, China

Received Date: 2025-05-06
Rev Recd Date: 2025-06-13

Available Online: 2025-08-02

Publish Date: 2025-07-25

Abstract

Abstract

Objective To understand classroom environmental conditions and their association with spinal curvature abnormalities among students of primary and secondary schools in Guizhou Province, so as to provide a basis for formulating school health policies and scientific prevention and control measures for abnormal spinal curvature in students. Methods Using a stratified random sampling method, 471 schools (2 811 classrooms) were selected annually across the province from 2022 to 2024 in order to monitor and evaluate classroom environment according to national standards. Spinal examinations were conducted for 196 606 (2022), 194 876 (2023), and 195 048 (2024) students, and χ² test was used to analyze the correlation of desk and chair compliance with student spinal curvature abnormalities. Results The qualified rates of classroom blackboard illuminance uniformity (85.41%) and the blackboard size (82.24%) were the highest in primary and secondary schools in Guizhou Province, while the average blackboard surface illumination qualified rate (20.10%) was the lowest. The average desk illumination (50.11%-58.63%), desk illumination uniformity (61.92%-72.27%) and qualified noise rate (50.04%-51.94%) increased significantly in 3 years; in addition, the compliance rate of desks and chairs decreased from 25.00% to 13.52%, and the differences were all statistically significant (χ²=42.48, 80.93, 46.09, 129.72, all P < 0.05). Middle school classrooms outperformed primary schools in terms of per capita area, average blackboard illuminance, blackboard illuminance uniformity, average desktop illuminance, desktop illuminance uniformity, and noise compliance (χ²=311.55, 12.41, 20.64, 40.76, 10.25, 52.47), but had lower compliance for blackboard size and reflectance (χ²=537.29, 7.59) (all P < 0.01). Urban schools had higher compliance than suburban schools for per capita area, average blackboard illuminance, average desktop illuminance, and desktop illuminance uniformity (χ²=73.71, 17.68, 29.30, 36.03), but lower compliance for desk-chair suitability, blackboard size, and blackboard reflectance (χ²=4.72, 26.02, 5.43) (all P < 0.05). The spinal curvature abnormality detection rate was 0.83%. A significant association was found between abnormality detection and desk-chair non-compliance (χ²=223.85, P < 0.01). Conclusions Classroom environment hygiene in Guizhou schools is suboptimal. Strengthening school environmental hygiene infrastructure and greater attention to its impact on student's health are essential.
- Environmental health,
- Spinal curvatures,
- Eligibility determination,
- Students

FullText(HTML)

References(30)

References

[1]	张锡彦, 周永林, 张凤云, 等. 教室环境与学生近视的关联研究[J]. 中华流行病学杂志, 2023, 44(4): 598-606. ZHANG X Y, ZHOU Y L, ZHANG F Y, et al. The relationship between classroom environment and myopia[J]. Chin J Epidemiol, 2023, 44(4): 598-606. (in Chinese)
[2]	曾婕, 周亮, 任悄悄, 等. 四川省中小学生脊柱弯曲异常现状及影响因素分析[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2023, 44(8): 1130-1133, 1139. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.08.003 ZENG J, ZHOU L, REN Q Q, et al. Abnormal spinal curvature and associated factors among primary and secondary school students in Sichuan Province[J]. Chin J Sch Health, 2023, 44(8): 1130-1133, 1139. (in Chinese) doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2023.08.003
[3]	QIN M, SHI W X, GAO S X, et al. A generalized additive model analysis of school classroom environment and students' refractive state progression[J]. BMC Public Health, 2024, 24(1): 3271.
[4]	HAWKINS G T, CHUNG C S, HERTZ M F, et al. The school environment and physical and social-emotional well-being: implications for students and school employees[J]. J Sch Health, 2023, 93(9): 799-812.
[5]	国家疾病预防控制局. 全国学生常见病和健康影响因素监测与干预工作方案. 国疾控综卫免函〔2024〕100号[Z]. 2024. National Disease Control and Prevention Administration. National Work Program for surveillance and intervention of common diseases and health-influencing factors among students. National health and Disease Control Exemption Letter[2024] No. 100[Z]. 2024. (in Chinese)
[6]	中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局, 中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部. 中小学校设计规范: GB 50099—2011[S]. 北京: 中国标准化出版社, 2012. General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the PRC, Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the PRC. Design code for primary and secondary schools: GB 50099-2011[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2012. (in Chinese)
[7]	中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局. 学校课桌椅功能尺寸及技术要求: GB/T 3976—2014[S]. 北京: 中国标准化出版社, 2015. General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the PRC. Functional dimensions and technical requirements for school desks and chairs: GB/T 3976-2014[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2015. (in Chinese)
[8]	中华人民共和国卫生部. 学校卫生综合评价: GB/T 18205—2012[S]. 北京: 中国标准化出版社, 2013. Ministry of Health of the PRC. Comprehensive evaluation of school health: GB/T 18205-2012[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2013. (in Chinese)
[9]	中华人民共和国卫生部. 书写板安全卫生要求: GB 28231—2011[S]. 北京: 中国标准化出版社, 2012. Ministry of Health of the PRC. Safety and health requirements for writing boards: GB 28231-2011[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2012. (in Chinese)
[10]	中华人民共和国卫生部. 中小学校教室采光和照明卫生标准: GB 7793—2010[S]. 北京: 中国标准化出版社, 2011. Ministry of Health of the PRC. Hygiene standards for lighting and illumination in primary and secondary school classrooms: GB 7793-2010[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2011. (in Chinese)
[11]	中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局. 采光测量方法: GB/T 5699—2017[S]. 北京: 中国标准化出版社, 2017. General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the PRC. Lighting measurement method: GB/T 5699-2017[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2017. (in Chinese)
[12]	中华人民共和国国家市场监督管理总局. 照明测量方法: GB/T 5700—2023[S]. 北京: 中国标准化出版, 2023. State Administration for Market Regulation of the PRC. Lighting measurement method: GB/T 5700-2023[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2023. (in Chinese)
[13]	高伟艳, 段晓娟, 邢月华, 等. 中卫市中小学校教室环境卫生与学生视力不良关系分析[J]. 宁夏医学杂志, 2019, 41(3): 239-241. GAO W Y, DUAN X J, XING Y H, et al. Relationship between environment hygiene of the classroom and the poor vision among students in primary and middle school students in Zhongwei[J]. Ningxia Med J, 2019, 41(3): 239-241. (in Chinese)
[14]	李敏敏, 赵静珺, 王妍昕, 等. 陕西省中小学校教室环境与学生筛查性近视的关联[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2024, 45(10): 1492-1496. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024298 LI M M, ZHAO J J, WANG Y X, et al. Relationship between classroom environment in primary and secondary schools and screening myopia of students in Shaanxi Province[J]. Chin J Sch Health, 2024, 45(10): 1492-1496. (in Chinese) doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024298
[15]	LI D L, YIN Z J, LI Y Z, et al. Identification of high-risk patterns of myopia in Chinese students based on four major behavioral risk factors: a latent class analysis[J]. BMC Public Health, 2023, 23(1): 1378.
[16]	王早霞, 杨忠诚, 胡池, 等. 2022年宜昌市71所中小学教室环境卫生监测结果分析[J]. 实用预防医学, 2024, 31(8): 984-987. WANG Z X, YANG Z C, HU C, et al. Monitoring results of teaching environment hygiene of classrooms in 71 primary and secondary schools in Yichang City, 2022[J]. Pract Prev Med, 2024, 31(8): 984-987. (in Chinese)
[17]	许凤鸣, 王丽茹, 李凤娟, 等. 2020年河南省中小学教室环境卫生状况调查分析[J]. 中国卫生监督杂志, 2022, 29(1): 71-75. XU F M, WANG L R, LI F J, et al. Investigation and analysis of classroom environmental hygiene status of primary and middle school classrooms in Henan Province, 2020[J]. Chin J Health Inspect, 2022, 29(1): 71-75. (in Chinese)
[18]	张鑫, 刘玲, 付中建. 2022年寿光市城区中小学生常见病及教室环境卫生状况监测结果分析[J]. 疾病预防控制通报, 2023, 38(5): 79-81. ZHANG X, LIU L, FU Z J. Analysis of the monitoring results of common diseases and classroom environmental sanitation in Shouguang City urban area for primary and secondary school students in 2022[J]. Dis Prev Control Bull, 2023, 38(5): 79-81. (in Chinese)
[19]	金星, 葛振兴, 范忠飞, 等. 上海市中小学校教学环境卫生现况调查[J]. 中国卫生监督杂志, 2014, 21(4): 349-351. JIN X, GE Z X, FAN Z F, et al. Survey on the current situation of teaching and environmental health in primary and secondary schools in Shanghai[J]. Chin J Health Super, 2014, 21(4): 349-351. (in Chinese)
[20]	赵金辉, 郭欣, 赵海, 等. 北京市2019年中小学校教学环境卫生监测[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2020, 41(10): 1562-1565. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2020.10.032 ZHAO J H, GUO X, ZHAO H, et al. Monitoring of teaching environmental health in primary and secondary schools in 2019 in Beijing[J]. Chin J Sch Health, 2020, 41(10): 1562-1565. (in Chinese) doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2020.10.032
[21]	明佳, 陈嘉明, 童晶, 等. 重庆市750所中小学教学环境卫生监督检查结果分析[J]. 中国卫生监督杂志, 2017, 24(6): 583-587. MING J, CHEN J M, TONG J, et al. Analysis on the results of teaching environment supervision in 750 primary and secondary schools in Chongqing[J]. Chin J Health Inspect, 2017, 24(6): 583-587. (in Chinese)
[22]	程炼, 周亮, 曾婕, 等. 四川省79所中小学校教学环境卫生现状分析[J]. 现代预防医学, 2019, 46(16): 2934-2937. CHENG L, ZHOU L, ZENG J, et al. Analyses of the current hygienic condition of the classroom environments within 79 primary and middle schools in Sichuan Province[J]. Mod Prev Med, 2019, 46(16): 2934-2937. (in Chinese)
[23]	刘忠慧, 徐渴, 孙志颖, 等. 天津市中小学校教室采光照明与学生视力不良的关系[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2021, 42(8): 1228-1232. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.08.025 LIU Z H, XU K, SUN Z Y, et al. Relationship between classroom lighting and poor vision of students in primary and secondary schools in Tianjin[J]. Chin J Sch Health, 2021, 42(8): 1228-1232. (in Chinese) doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.08.025
[24]	李雯婧, 张嘉生, 崔玲玲, 等. 海淀区2017年中小学校教室环境卫生学评价[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2018, 39(7): 1114-1116. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.07.047 LI W J, ZHANG J S, CUI L L, et al. Evaluation of classroom environmental hygiene in primary and secondary schools in Haidian District in 2017[J]. Chin J Sch Health, 2018, 39(7): 1114-1116. (in Chinese) doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.07.047
[25]	魏碧霞, 张俊, 丁琳. 2019—2021年新疆中小学校教室卫生及学生视力相关因素监测结果分析[J]. 中国校医, 2024, 38(11): 805-808. WEI B X, ZHANG J, DING L. Classroom hygiene and factors associated with poor vision among primary and secondary school students in Xinjiang from 2019 to 2021[J]. Chin J School Doctor, 2024, 38(11): 805-808. (in Chinese)
[26]	NEGILONI K, RAMANI K K, SUDHIR R R. Environmental factors in school classrooms: how they influence visual task demand on children[J]. PLoS One, 2019, 14(1): e210299.
[27]	刘爽, 彭飞, 向晶晶, 等. 2019年湖北省中小学校生活与教学环境卫生现状分析[J]. 现代预防医学, 2021, 48(4): 619-622. LIU S, PENG F, XIANG J J, et al. Hygiene of the living and teaching environment in the primary and secondary schools in Hubei Province in 2019[J]. Mod Prev Med, 2021, 48(4): 619-622. (in Chinese)
[28]	郝莉, 郑瑞怡, 赵丽娟, 等. 杭州市中小学生脊柱弯曲异常现况及影响因素分析[J]. 中国慢性病预防与控制, 2025, 33(1): 56-60. HAO L, ZHENG R Y, ZHAO L J, et al. Analysis of the prevalence and influencing factors of spinal curvature abnormalities in primary and middle school students in Hangzhou[J]. Chin J Prev Control Chronic Dis, 2025, 33(1): 56-60. (in Chinese)
[29]	李娟娟, 章荣华, 孟佳, 等. 浙江省中学生脊柱弯曲异常的影响因素研究[J]. 预防医学, 2024, 36(12): 1036-1039. LI J J, ZHANG R H, MENG J, et al. Factors influencing spinal curvature abnormalities in middle school students in Zhejiang Province[J]. China Prev Med J, 2024, 36(12): 1036-1039. (in Chinese)
[30]	马茹君, 王法艳, 纪艳. 安徽省中小学生脊柱弯曲异常状况及影响因素分析[J]. 河北北方学院学报(自然科学版), 2024, 40(12): 25-28. MA R J, WANG F Y, JI Y. Spinal curvature abnormalities and influencing factors among primary and secondary school students in Anhui Province[J]. J Hebei North Univ(Nat Sci Ed), 2024, 40(12): 25-28. (in Chinese)