Foodborne disease outbreaks analysis of children aged 0 to 6 years in Guizhou Province from 2011 to 2021
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摘要:
目的 对2011—2021年贵州省0~6岁儿童的食源性疾病暴发事件监测结果进行描述和统计分析,为儿童的食源性疾病预防控制提供支撑依据。 方法 对监测系统中2011—2021年0~6岁儿童食源性疾病暴发事件数据进行流行病学特征分析,以发病率为因变量,以致病因素、居住地等因素为自变量,进行因素分析。 结果 2011—2021年0~6岁儿童的食源性疾病暴发事件共报告618起,占报告总体食源性疾病暴发事件的21.29%。发病1 169人,住院833人,死亡18人,病死率为1.54%;上报事件集中发生在夏秋季节,5月为报告高峰,共报告159起;报告事件数最多的地区为遵义、铜仁,分别报告169,98起;主要是农村家庭误食误用引起食源性疾病;毒蘑菇及其毒素、有毒植物及其毒素和不明原因是主要致病因素;发病率在不同年份、居住地、致病因素等因素间差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为3 444.44,577.82,1 935.15,P值均<0.05)。 结论 0~6岁儿童的食源性疾病暴发事件在贵州省总体食源性疾病暴发事件中占比较大,病死率较高。要加强对儿童食源性疾病的防控,且农村家庭是重点防控宣教对象。 Abstract:Objective To describe and statistically analyze the monitoring results of foodborne disease outbreaks in children aged 0-6 years in Guizhou Province from 2011 to 2021, and to provide support for the prevention and control of foodborne diseases in children in the future. Methods The epidemiological characteristics of foodborne disease outbreaks in children aged 0-6 years in the monitoring system from 2011 to 2021 were analyzed. Chi-square test analysis was performed with the incidence rate as the dependent variable and the pathogenic factors, residence and other factors as independent variables. Results A total of 618 foodborne disease outbreaks were reported in children aged 0-6 years, accounting for 21.29% of the total foodborne disease outbreaks reported. There were 1 169 cases, 833 hospitalizations and 18 deaths, with a mortality rate of 1.54%. The reported incidents were concentrated in summer and autumn, with a peak of 159 reported incidents in May; the largest number of incidents was reported in Zunyi and Tongren, with 169 and 98 incidents respectively. Mainly rural families misuse caused by food-borne diseases; poisonous mushrooms and their toxins, poisonous plants and their toxins and unknown causes are the main pathogenic factor; there were significant differences in the incidence among different years, places of residence and pathogenic factors (χ2=3 444.44, 577.82, 1 935.15, P < 0.05). Conclusion The foodborne disease outbreaks in children aged 0-6 years account for a large proportion in the total foodborne disease outbreaks in Guizhou Province, and the mortality rate is high. It is necessary to strengthen the prevention and control of foodborne diseases in children, and rural families are the focus of prevention and control. -
Key words:
- Food contamination /
- Disease outbreaks /
- Population surveillance /
- Child, preschool
1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。 -
表 1 贵州省不同年份0~6岁儿童食源性疾病暴发事件报告情况
Table 1. Reports of foodborne disease outbreaks among children aged 0-6 years in Guizhou Province
年份 发生起数 发病人数 住院人数 死亡人数 总起数 0~6岁儿童起数 总发病人数 0~6岁儿童发病人数 总住院人数 0~6岁儿童住院人数 总死亡人数 0~6岁儿童死亡人数 2011 81 14(17.28) 1 019 23(2.26) 651 16(2.46) 20 2(10.00) 2012 72 21(29.17) 693 31(4.47) 462 17(3.68) 34 1(2.94) 2013 62 15(24.19) 636 27(4.25) 445 11(2.47) 23 0 2014 73 10(13.70) 1 077 19(1.76) 931 10(1.07) 11 0 2015 75 19(25.33) 485 37(7.63) 364 31(8.52) 5 1(20.00) 2016 139 28(20.14) 720 46(6.39) 509 38(7.47) 18 4(22.22) 2017 403 80(19.85) 1 594 179(11.23) 1 099 109(9.92) 5 0 2018 484 104(21.49) 2 176 156(7.17) 1 250 106(8.48) 8 2(25.00) 2019 424 84(19.81) 1 636 123(7.52) 829 91(10.98) 4 2(50.00) 2020 700 171(24.43) 2 816 413(14.67) 1 812 318(17.55) 9 6(66.67) 2021 390 72(18.46) 1 453 115(7.91) 675 86(12.74) 8 0 合计 2 903 618(21.29) 14 305 1 169(8.17) 9 027 833(9.23) 145 18(12.41) 注: ()内数字为百分率/%。 表 2 贵州省不同地区0~6岁儿童食源性疾病暴发事件地区分布
Table 2. Regional distribution of foodborne disease outbreaks among children aged 0-6 years in Guizhou Province
市州 发生起数 发病人数 住院人数 死亡人数 安顺 65 65 40 1 毕节 77 122 79 2 贵阳 33 36 23 0 六盘水 49 49 38 4 黔东南 65 177 133 2 黔西南 29 56 32 3 黔南 33 301 214 2 铜仁 98 194 153 2 遵义 169 169 121 2 表 3 贵州省0~6岁儿童食源性疾病暴发事件致病因素分布
Table 3. Distribution of pathogenic factors of foodborne disease outbreaks in children aged 0-6 years
致病因素 发生起数 暴露人数 发病人数 住院人数 死亡人数 发病率/% 不明原因 146 4 373 425 305 6 9.72 化学性 17 367 25 16 1 6.81 生物性-细菌性 26 5 326 48 21 0 0.90 有毒动物及其毒素 10 48 19 15 2 39.58 有毒植物及其毒素 209 808 326 246 3 40.35 毒蘑菇及其毒素 210 1 064 326 230 6 30.64 表 4 贵州省0~6岁儿童食源性疾病暴发事件发生场所及居住地分布
Table 4. Location and residence distribution of foodborne disease outbreaks among 0-6 years children in Guizhou Province
组别 选项 发生起数 暴露人数 发病人数 住院人数 死亡人数 发病率/% 发生场所 家庭 407 4 664 778 578 15 16.68 幼儿园 17 2 693 101 99 1 3.75 其他 194 4 629 290 156 2 6.26 居住地 城市 137 5 454 359 243 3 6.58 农村 481 6 532 810 590 15 12.40 表 5 贵州省0~6岁儿童食源性疾病暴发事件发病率的其他影响因素分析
Table 5. Analysis of other influencing factors of the incidence of foodborne disease outbreaks in children aged 0-6 years in Guizhou Province
因素 选项 暴露人数 发病人数 χ2值 P值 年份 2011 1 409 23(1.63) 3 444.44 <0.01 2012 370 31(8.38) 2013 843 27(3.20) 2014 926 19(2.05) 2015 1 007 37(3.67) 2016 150 46(30.67) 2017 1 258 179(14.23) 2018 1 107 156(14.09) 2019 749 123(16.42) 2020 3 700 413(11.16) 2021 467 115(24.63) 季节 春季 1 608 317(19.71) 1 199.14 <0.01 夏季 8 396 649(7.73) 秋季 1 899 185(9.74) 冬季 83 17(20.48) 地区 安顺市 1 930 65(3.37) 2 748.20 <0.01 毕节市 258 122(47.29) 贵阳市 2 786 35(1.26) 六盘水市 292 49(16.78) 黔东南州 1 020 177(17.35) 黔南州 1 814 56(3.09) 黔西南州 1 325 301(22.72) 铜仁市 918 194(21.13) 遵义市 1 643 169(10.29) 注: ()内数字为发病率/%。 -
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