台州市2013—2020年中小学生超重肥胖流行特征分析

周潇潇; 张祥; 姜叶; 金忆媛; 王子睿; 陆欣

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.12.030

台州市2013—2020年中小学生超重肥胖流行特征分析

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.12.030

1.
浙江省台州市疾病预防控制中心食品与学校卫生科，318000
2.
台州市椒江区疾病预防控制中心环境医学科

基金项目:

台州市社会发展类科技计划项目 22ywb95

详细信息

作者简介:
周潇潇(1980-)，男，浙江台州人，硕士，副主任医师，主要从事食品与学校卫生方面工作

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R 723.14 R 179 G 478
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-06-07
- 修回日期: 2022-09-20
- 网络出版日期: 2022-12-30
- 刊出日期: 2022-12-25

Epidemiological characteristics of overweight and obesity among primary and secondary school students in Taizhou from 2013 to 2020

1.
Department of Food and School Hygiene, Taizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taizhou(318000), Zhejiang Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的分析台州市2013—2020年中小学生超重肥胖流行趋势特征，为超重肥胖防控工作提供支持。方法按照分层整群随机抽样的原则，在台州市9个县(市、区)中各随机抽取1所小学、1所初中、1所高中，对在校学生开展连续监测，收集身高、体重等数据计算体质量指数(BMI)，采用检出率、定基比、环比、平均增长速度等指标对流行特征进行分析。结果 2013—2020年，台州市中小学生总体超重率为14.5%(36 592/252 583)，肥胖率为11.2%(28 256/252 583)，均处于上升趋势，年平均增长率分别为1.9%，5.5%，肥胖率上升速度更快。分性别看，男生肥胖率(13.2%)高于女生(9.0%)(χ²=1 119.57，P < 0.01)，年平均增长速度女生高于男生，分别为6.1%，5.2%；男生超重率(17.6%)高于女生(10.9%)(χ²=2 307.35，P < 0.01)，年平均增长速度女生快于男生，分别为2.3%，1.7%。分学段看，小学生肥胖率(17.5%)高于初中生(9.7%)，均高于高中生(4.9%)(χ²=7 291.33，P < 0.01)，年平均增长速度初中生最快，其次是高中生，最后是小学生，分别为6.5%，3.9%，2.6%；小学生超重率(15.8%)高于初中生(15.3%)，均高于高中生(12.2%)(χ²=521.06，P < 0.01)，年平均增长速度初中生最快，其次是高中生，最后是小学生，分别为2.4%，2.2%，0.6%。结论台州市中小学生超重、肥胖检出率偏高且增长迅速，防控形势严峻；防控的重点人群为男生和小学生。预防控制策略应分别针对不同人群采取综合防控措施。
- 超重 /
- 肥胖症 /
- 人体质量指数 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To analysis the epidemiological characteristics of overweight and obesity among middle school students in Taizhou from 2013 to 2020, to provide support for prevention and control efforts. Methods Through stratified sampling, one primary school, one junior middle school and one senior high school were randomly selected from nine counties (cities and districts) in Taizhou, and continuous monitoring was conducted in all participants Height, weight and other variables were assessed and body mass index was calculated. The epidemic characteristics were analyzed according to the detection rate, fixed base ratio, sequential growth ratio and average growth rate. Results From 2013 to 2020, the overall overweight rate among primary and middle school students in Taizhou was 14.5%(36 592/252 583), and the obesity rate was 11.2%(28 256/252 583). The rates of overweight and obesity increased, with average annual growth rates of 1.9% and 5.5%, respectively; thus, the rate of obesity increased more rapidly. The obesity rate was higher among boys (13.2%) than girls (9.0%)(χ²=1 119.57, P < 0.01), and the average annual growth rate was higher among girls than boys (6.1%, 5.2%, respectively). The rate of overweight among boys (17.6%) was higher than that among girls (10.9%)(χ²=2 307.35, P < 0.01). The average annual growth rate of overweight in girls was 2.3% and 1.7%, respectively. The obesity rate among primary school students (17.5%) was higher than that among middle school (9.7%) and high school (4.9%) students(χ²=7 291.33, P < 0.01). The average annual growth rate in students in middle school was fastest, followed by those in high and primary schools (6.5%, 3.9% and 2.6%, respectively). The rate of overweight in primary school students (15.8%) was higher than that in middle school students (15.3%), and both were higher than that in high school students(12.2%)(χ²=521.06, P < 0.01). The average annual growth rate was also fastest in students in middle school, followed by high and primary schools (2.4%, 2.2% and 0.6%, respectively). Conclusion The detection rate of overweight and obesity among primary and middle school students in Taizhou is high and increasing rapidly, indicating high pressure on prevention and control. Boys and primary school students are the key target groups for prevention and control. Comprehensive prevention and control strategies should be adopted specifically.
- Overweight /
- Obesity /
- Body mass index /
- Students
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表 1 台州市2013—2020年中小学生超重肥胖检出率及增长趋势

Table 1. Development of overweight and obesity detection rate of primary and middle school students in Taizhou from 2013 to 2020

营养状况	年份	人数	检出人数	定基比/%	环比/%	3MA/%
肥胖	2013	34 826	3 131(9.0)	-	-	-
	2014	34 036	3 777(11.1)	23.4	23.4	-
	2015	21 922	2 343(10.7)	18.9	-3.7	10.3
	2016	29 985	3 413(11.4)	26.6	6.5	11.1
	2017	33 391	3 309(9.9)	10.2	-12.9	10.7
	2018	32 543	3 475(10.7)	18.8	7.8	10.7
	2019	36 041	4 683(13.0)	44.5	21.7	11.2
	2020	29 839	4 125(13.8)	53.8	6.4	12.5
超重	2013	34 826	4 641(13.3)	-	-	-
	2014	34 036	4 979(14.6)	9.8	9.8	-
	2015	21 922	3 280(15.0)	12.3	2.3	14.3
	2016	29 985	4 436(14.8)	11.0	-1.1	14.8
	2017	33 391	4 615(13.8)	3.7	-6.6	14.5
	2018	32 543	4 549(14.0)	4.9	1.1	14.2
	2019	36 041	5 477(15.2)	14.0	8.7	14.3
	2020	29 839	4 615(15.5)	16.1	1.8	14.9
注： ()内数字为检出率/%。

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表 2 台州市2013—2020年不同性别学生超重肥胖检出率及增长趋势

Table 2. Development of overweight and obesity detection rate of students of different genders in Taizhou from 2013 to 2020

营养状况	年份	男生					女生					χ²值
营养状况	年份	人数	检出人数	定基比/%	环比/%	3MA/%	人数	检出人数	定基比/%	环比/%	3MA/%	χ²值
肥胖	2013	18 620	2 022(10.9)	-	-	-	16 206	1 109(6.8)	-	-	-	170.81
	2014	17 969	2 300(12.8)	17.9	17.9	-	16 067	1 477(9.2)	34.3	34.3	-	111.87
	2015	11 814	1 450(12.3)	13.0	-4.1	12.0	10 108	893(8.8)	29.1	-3.9	8.3	67.49
	2016	16 181	2 097(13.0)	19.3	5.6	12.7	13 804	1 316(9.5)	39.3	7.9	9.2	86.69
	2017	17 590	2 091(11.9)	9.5	-8.3	12.4	15 801	1 218(7.7)	12.6	-19.1	8.7	162.83
	2018	17 114	2 179(12.7)	17.2	7.1	12.5	15 429	1 296(8.4)	22.7	9.0	8.5	159.68
	2019	19 182	2 941(15.3)	41.2	20.4	13.3	16 859	1 742(10.3)	51.0	23.0	8.8	198.37
	2020	15 913	2 598(16.3)	50.3	6.5	14.8	13 926	1 527(11.0)	60.2	6.1	9.9	179.18
超重	2013	18 620	3 088(16.6)	-	-	-	16 206	1 533(9.6)	-	-	-	367.73
	2014	17 969	3 236(18.0)	8.6	8.6	-	16 067	1 743(10.8)	13.2	13.2	-	348.25
	2015	11 814	2 175(18.4)	11.0	2.2	17.7	10 108	1 105(10.9)	14.1	0.8	10.5	239.44
	2016	16 181	2 888(17.8)	7.6	-3.1	18.1	13 804	1 548(11.2)	17.0	2.6	11.0	260.07
	2017	17 590	2 971(16.9)	1.8	-5.4	17.7	15 801	1 644(10.4)	8.6	-7.2	10.9	293.98
	2018	17 114	2 882(16.8)	1.5	-0.3	17.2	15 429	1 667(10.8)	12.7	3.8	10.8	245.82
	2019	19 182	3 455(18.0)	8.6	7.0	17.2	16 859	2 022(12.0)	25.2	11.0	11.1	252.17
	2020	15 913	3 013(18.9)	14.2	5.1	17.9	13 926	1 602(11.5)	20.0	-4.1	11.4	313.63
注： ()内数字为检出率/%；P值均 < 0.01。

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表 3 台州市2013—2020年不同学段学生超重肥胖检出率及增长趋势

Table 3. Development of overweight and obesity detection rate of students in different sections of Taizhou City from 2013 to 2020

营养状况	年份	小学生					初中生					高中生					χ²值
营养状况	年份	人数	检出人数	定基比 /%	环比 /%	3MA /%	人数	检出人数	定基比 /%	环比 /%	3MA /%	人数	检出人数	定基比 /%	环比 /%	3MA /%	χ²值
肥胖	2013	10 181	1 693(16.6)	-	-	-	11 164	842(7.5)	-	-	-	13 481	596(4.4)	-	-	-	1 098.65
	2014	12 866	2 329(18.1)	8.9	8.9	-	10 564	917(8.7)	15.1	15.1	-	10 606	531(5.0)	13.2	13.2	-	1 101.23
	2015	8 779	1 418(16.2)	-2.9	-10.8	17.0	6 774	592(8.7)	15.9	0.7	8.3	6 369	333(5.2)	18.3	4.4	4.9	500.42
	2016	12 299	2 157(17.5)	5.5	8.6	17.3	8 954	845(9.4)	25.1	8.0	9.0	8 732	411(4.7)	6.5	-10.0	5.0	881.39
	2017	12 572	1 987(15.8)	-5.0	-9.9	16.5	9 196	864(9.4)	24.6	-0.4	9.2	11 623	458(3.9)	-10.9	-16.3	4.6	956.01
	2018	12 299	2 055(16.7)	0.5	5.7	16.7	9 353	916(9.8)	29.9	4.2	9.5	10 891	504(4.6)	4.7	17.4	4.4	894.64
	2019	15 479	2 797(18.1)	8.7	8.1	16.9	10 877	1 304(12.0)	59.0	22.4	10.44	9 685	582(6.0)	35.9	29.9	4.9	780.40
	2020	12 706	2 602(20.5)	23.1	13.3	18.4	7 633	951(12.5)	65.2	3.9	11.4	9 500	572(6.0)	36.2	0.2	5.6	969.77
超重	2013	10 181	1 575(15.5)	-	-	-	11 164	1 524(13.7)	-	-	-	13 481	1 542(11.4)	-	-	-	83.13
	2014	12 866	2 185(17.0)	9.8	9.8	-	10 564	1 536(14.5)	6.5	6.5	-	10 606	1 258(11.9)	3.7	3.7	-	122.20
	2015	8 779	1 460(16.6)	7.5	-2.1	16.4	6 774	1 041(15.4)	12.6	5.7	14.5	6 369	779(12.2)	6.9	3.1	11.8	57.42
	2016	12 299	1 967(16.0)	3.4	-3.8	16.5	8 954	1 416(15.8)	15.8	2.9	15.2	8 732	1 053(12.1)	5.4	-1.4	12.1	73.24
	2017	12 572	1 888(15.0)	-2.9	-6.1	15.9	9 196	1 393(15.1)	11.0	-4.2	15.4	11 623	1 334(11.5)	0.3	-4.8	11.9	82.31
	2018	12 299	1 805(14.7)	-5.1	-2.3	15.2	9 353	1 462(15.6)	14.5	3.2	15.5	10 891	1 282(11.8)	2.9	2.6	11.8	70.36
	2019	15 479	2 417(15.6)	0.9	6.4	15.1	10 877	1 746(16.1)	17.6	2.7	15.6	9 685	1 314(13.6)	18.6	15.3	12.3	28.23
	2020	12 706	2 064(16.2)	5.0	4.0	15.5	7 633	1 261(16.5)	21.0	2.9	16.1	9 500	1 290(13.6)	18.7	0.1	13.0	38.25
注： ()内数字为检出率/%；P值均 < 0.01。

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