开远市中小学生屈光不正状况

秦宇; 尹星; 郑亚捷; 李雪; 梁刚

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.12.024

开远市中小学生屈光不正状况

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.12.024

秦宇¹,
尹星²,
郑亚捷¹,
李雪²,
梁刚^1, ,

1.
云南大学附属医院/云南省第二人民医院/云南省眼科医院眼屈光中心，昆明 650000
2.
开远市人民医院眼科

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 82160204

云南省高层次卫生计生技术人才培养计划项目 D-2018016

详细信息

作者简介:
秦宇(1997-)，女，云南省人，在读硕士，主要研究方向为眼科学、屈光手术及临床视光学

通讯作者:
梁刚，E-mail：29801242@qq.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R179 G478 R778.1
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- 文章访问数: 335
- HTML全文浏览量: 128
- PDF下载量: 58
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-07-17
- 修回日期: 2022-09-21
- 网络出版日期: 2022-12-30
- 刊出日期: 2022-12-25

Prevalence of ametropia among primary and middle school students in Kaiyuan

QIN Yu¹,
YIN Xing²,
ZHENG Yajie¹,
LI Xue²,
LIANG Gang^{1
, ,}

1.
Eye Refractive Center, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University/the Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province/Yunnan Eye Hospital, Kunming(650000), China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解云南省红河州开远市中小学生视力与屈光不正现状，为当地开展青少年近视防控工作提供科学参考。方法 2021年9月，采用整群抽样方法抽取云南省红河州开远市76所中小学38 534名学生开展调查，对纳入对象开展远视力、非睫状肌麻痹下电脑验光检查。采用χ²检验比较不同性别、年级、民族及城乡之间屈光不正患病率的差异。结果中小学生近视率为40.0%，远视率为17.7%，散光率为21.2%，视力不良率为50.7%，戴镜率为17.2%。女生近视率(45.7%)高于男生(34.5%)(χ²=520.68)，城区学生近视率(50.1%)高于农村地区(28.4%)(χ²=1 882.13)，一至九年级学生近视率随年级升高而升高(χ_趋势²=7 151.41)，不同民族间近视、远视及散光患病率差异均有统计学意义(χ²值分别为1 299.26，164.13，1 091.37，P值均 < 0.01)。结论开远市中小学生近视及散光率随年级升高呈上升趋势，各民族之间近视患病率差异有统计学意义。近视防控要重视城乡、性别差异，科学有效地开展综合防控。
- 屈光不正 /
- 近视 /
- 远视 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To explore the prevalence of ametropia in primary and middle school students in Kaiyuan, Honghe Prefecture, Yunnan Province, to provide a scientific reference for local prevention and control of juvenile myopia. Methods In September 2021, 38 534 students from 76 primary and secondary schools in Kaiyuan, Honghe Prefecture, Yunnan Province, were selected. The students underwent vision inspection and computer optometry examination. Chi-square test was used to compare the prevalence of myopia across gender grade, ethnic group and residence. Results The prevalence of myopia in primary and secondary schools students was 40.0%, the prevalence of hyperopia was 17.7%, and that of astigmatism was 21.2%. The prevalence of poor vision was 50.7%, and the total rate of wearing glasses was 17.2%. The prevalence of myopia among girls (45.7%) was higher than that among boys (34.5%)(χ²=520.68). The prevalence of myopia among students was higher in urban areas (50.1%) than rural areas (28.4%)(χ²=1 882.13). The prevalence of myopia in grades 1-9 increased with school grade(χ_trend²=7 151.41). Significant differences were observed in the prevalence of myopia(χ²=1 299.26), hyperopia (χ²=164.13) and astigmatism (χ²=1 091.37) among ethnic groups(P < 0.01). Conclusion The prevalence of myopia and astigmatism in primary and middle school students in Kaiyuan, increases with school grade, and the prevalence of myopia varies among ethnic groups. For juvenile myopia prevention and control, attention should be paid to the effects of urban and rural differences, gender differences, and ethnic differences, in a scientific, effective and comprehensive manner.
- Refractive errors /
- Myopia /
- Hyperopia /
- Students
注释:

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表 1 开远市不同组别学生3种屈光不正患病率比较

Table 1. Comparison of the prevalence of three type of ametropia in primary and middle school students of different groups in Kaiyuan

组别	选项	人数	统计值	近视患病人数	远视患病人数	散光患病人数
性别	男	19 528		6 735(34.5)	3 811(19.5)	3 957(20.3)
	女	19 006		8 680(45.7)	3 023(15.9)	4 219(22.2)
			χ²值	520.68	86.04	21.58
			P值	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01
年级	一	3 346		414(12.4)	960(28.7)	350(10.5)
	二	3 717		455(12.2)	1 042(28.0)	335(9.0)
	三	4 077		673(16.5)	1 068(26.2)	384(9.4)
	四	4 364		1 006(23.1)	977(22.4)	457(10.5)
	五	3 471		1 213(34.9)	665(19.2)	543(15.6)
	六	3 912		1 706(43.6)	612(15.6)	764(19.5)
	七	5 577		3 371(60.4)	474(8.5)	1 743(31.3)
	八	5 162		3 234(62.7)	598(11.6)	1 738(33.7)
	九	4 908		3 343(68.1)	438(8.9)	1 862(37.9)
			χ²值	7 466.29	1 547.87	2 910.73
			P值	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01
地区	城区	20 603		10 323(50.1)	3 653(17.7)	5 692(27.6)
	乡村	17 931		5 092(28.4)	3 181(17.7)	2 484(13.9)
			χ²值	1 882.13	0.01	1 088.13
			P值	< 0.01	0.98	< 0.01
民族	彝族	14 644		5 402(36.9)	2 554(17.4)	2 876(19.6)
	汉族	11 477		5 795(50.5)	1 748(15.2)	3 294(28.7)
	苗族	6 858		1 722(25.1)	1 543(22.5)	619(9.0)
	回族	1 621		766(47.3)	270(16.7)	456(28.1)
	哈尼族	1 780		717(40.3)	330(18.5)	373(21.0)
	壮族	1 491		696(46.7)	251(16.8)	380(25.5)
	其他民族	663		317(47.8)	138(20.8)	178(26.8)
			χ²值	1 299.26	164.13	1 091.37
			P值	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01
合计		38 534		15 415(40.0)	6 834(17.7)	8 176(21.2)
注：()内数字为患病率/%。

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