苏州市2018—2021年中小学生用眼相关行为变化趋势

丁子尧; 韩迪; 海波; 沈蕙; 胡佳

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.12.009

苏州市2018—2021年中小学生用眼相关行为变化趋势

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2022.12.009

丁子尧^{1, 2},
韩迪¹,
海波¹,
沈蕙^{1, 3, 4},
胡佳^{1, 3, 4, ,}

1.
江苏省苏州市疾病预防控制中心学校卫生科，215004
2.
北京大学儿童青少年卫生研究所
3.
南京医科大学姑苏学院苏州市公共卫生高等研究院
4.
南京医科大学公共卫生学院

基金项目:

南京医科大学姑苏学院协同创新项目 GSKY20210307

苏州市科技发展计划(民生科技) SYS2019115

苏州市科教兴卫青年科技项目 KJXW2021058

详细信息

作者简介:
丁子尧(1990-)，女，江苏南通人，硕士，主管医师，主要从事学生常见病防控工作

通讯作者:
胡佳，E-mail：hujia200606@163.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R179 R778 G478
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-04-06
- 修回日期: 2022-07-29
- 网络出版日期: 2022-12-30
- 刊出日期: 2022-12-25

Trends of eye-use-related behaviors of primary and middle school students in Suzhou from 2018 to 2021

DING Ziyao^{1, 2},
HAN Di¹,
HAI Bo¹,
SHEN Hui^{1, 3, 4},
HU Jia^{1, 3, 4
, ,}

1.
Department of School Health, Suzhou Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Suzhou(215004), Jiangsu Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解2018—2021年苏州市中小学生用眼行为变化趋势，为该群体近视综合防控提供参考。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法，于2018—2021年每年9—11月以苏州市四至十二年级学生为调查对象，问卷收集学生一般资料、用眼行为、户外活动及睡眠状况等，比较学生用眼行为的变化趋势。结果 2018—2021年，平均每天看电视≥1 h、用电脑≥1 h学生检出率降低(χ_趋势²值分别为192.25，95.39，P值均＜0.05)，2021年平均每天看电视≥1 h、用电脑≥1 h的男生比例分别为26.4%，19.2%，女生为21.1%，12.8%。2018—2021年每天用移动电子设备≥1 h的学生比例降低(χ_趋势²=314.85，P＜0.05)，2021年男生低于女生，分别为29.2%，30.3%，且除职高外其他学段均有下降。平均每天放学后读写时间≥2 h的学生比例除职高外均下降，2021年小学、初中、高中、职高分别为22.1%，47.7%，65.1%和11.6%。天黑后看书使用台灯和屋顶灯、看电脑屏幕及看电视保持安全距离、近距离用眼＜1 h休息一次等良好用眼习惯比例增加(χ_趋势²值分别为34.19，62.21，47.25，457.50，P值均＜0.05)，2021年分别达72.2%，72.3%，78.6%和67.8%。每天户外活动≥2 h比例增加(2018年为27.1%，2021年为30.7%，χ_趋势²=5.17，P＜0.05)，小学提升明显，其他学段无明显变化；男生高于女生。睡眠不足情况无明显改善，女生睡眠不足比例高于男生，高中生高于初中生和小学生。结论 2018—2021年中小学生用眼行为有所改善，但睡眠不足、户外活动较少等问题仍存在，应进一步加强学生健康教育，改善用眼行为。
- 眼 /
- 行为 /
- 注视, 眼 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To understand the trend of eye use behavior of students in Suzhou, and to provide basis for comprehensive prevention and control of myopia. Methods Stratified cluster random sampling was used to recruit students from grades 4 to 12 in Suzhou from 2018 to 2021. The students' general information, eye use behavior, outdoor activities and sleep status were collected through a standardized questionnaire to compare eye use behaviors of students among various groups. Results The detection rates of students who watched TV or used computer more than 1 h/d decreased from 2018 to 2021(χ_trend²=192.25, 95.39, P < 0.05), and boys who spend more than 1 h/d on watching TV and using computer accounted for 26.4% and 19.2%, and girls accounted for 21.1% and 12.8%, respectively in 2021. The proportion of students' watching mobile electronic devices≥1 h/d decreased (χ_trend²=314.85, P < 0.05), and the boys' proportion was less than girls with 29.2% and 30.3% respectively, and each grade declined except for vocational high schools. The proportion of students with average reading and writing time after school above 2 h/d had decreased except for vocational school students. In 2021, the proportions of four school periods(primary school, middle school, high school and vocational school) were 22.1%, 47.7%, 65.1% and 11.6% respectively. The proportions of students with good eye habits such as reading with desk lamp and roof lamp, watching computer screen and TV with a safe distance, using eyes at close range for less than 1 h/d and taking a rest had increased (χ_trend²=34.19, 62.21, 47.25, 457.50, P < 0.05), reaching up to 72.2%, 72.3%, 78.6% and 67.8% respectively in 2021. The proportion of students spending more than 2 h/d on outdoor activities increased (27.1% in 2018 and 30.7% in 2021, χ_trend²=5.17, P < 0.05), but only in primary school students, and the rates of boys were higher than girls'. There was no improvement in sleep deprivation. The girls who were lack of sleep girls were more than boys, and the proportion of senior high school was higher than that of junior middle school and primary school. Conclusion The eye use behaviors of primary and middle school students have improved significantly from 2018 to 2021. However, the problems including insufficient sleep and less outdoor activities still exist. Health education in students aiming at eye use behavior improvement should be strengthened.
- Eye /
- Behavior /
- Fixation, ocular /
- Students
注释:

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表 1 苏州市中小学生2018—2021年用眼行为报告率变化趋势/%

Table 1. Trends of eye use related behaviors of students from 2018 to 2021 in Suzhou City/%

年份	人数	根据身高至少每学期调整座位	在校每天做眼保健操≥2次	每天放学后读写时间≥2 h	读写姿势正确	每天看电视≥1 h	每天用电脑≥1 h	每天用移动电子设备≥1 h	经常阳光直射下看书或电子屏幕	经常关灯看电子屏幕
2018	2 972	29.4	75.5	59.2	41.0	41.0	27.2	54.0	5.5	13.8
2019	2 992	42.1	85.9	53.0	29.4	25.2	15.8	35.2	4.0	9.7
2020	2 973	49.5	75.1	51.6	35.3	24.7	17.4	36.5	3.5	10.2
2021	2 846	48.1	75.4	40.2	58.5	24.0	16.1	29.7	3.6	7.6
χ_趋势²值		243.59	9.88	197.19	197.95	192.25	95.39	314.85	14.61	50.13
P值		< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01

年份	人数	经常躺着、趴着看书或电子屏幕	经常走路、乘车看书或电子屏幕	天黑后看书使用台灯和屋顶灯	看电脑屏幕保持安全距离	看电视或玩电视游戏保持安全距离	近距离用眼＜1 h休息1次	课间一般在户外活动	每天户外活动≥2 h	睡眠不足
2018	2 972	18.8	11.0	64.8	62.6	71.9	38.7	18.8	27.1	78.6
2019	2 992	14.0	9.4	69.8	69.7	75.3	66.4	12.4	32.8	81.4
2020	2 973	13.5	8.7	69.8	70.6	79.3	65.3	12.5	30.6	81.7
2021	2 846	11.6	7.0	72.2	72.3	78.6	67.8	15.7	30.7	79.3
χ_趋势²值		57.10	28.79	34.19	62.21	47.25	457.50	9.98	5.17	0.62
P值		< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.02	0.43

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表 2 苏州市不同性别学生2018—2021年用眼行为报告率变化趋势/%

Table 2. Trends of eye use related behaviors among males and females students from 2018 to 2021 in Suzhou City/%

性别	年份	人数	统计值	根据身高至少每学期调次座位	在校每天做眼保健操≥2次	每天放学后读写时间≥2 h	读写姿势正确	每天看电视≥1 h	每天用电脑≥1 h	每天用移动电子设备≥1 h	经常阳光直射下看书或电子屏幕	经常关灯看电子屏幕
男	2018	1 533		29.8	76.1	58.7	44.4	43.4	32.3	55.7	6.2	13.6
	2019	1 518		43.8	84.9	52.0	32.9	26.7	18.2	36.1	4.9	9.4
	2020	1 547		50.4	75.7	50.5	38.8	27.3	19.8	35.2	4.5	10.1
	2021	1 475		49.1	76.2	39.3	61.4	26.4	19.2	29.2	4.8	7.1
			χ_趋势²值	131.93	3.24	108.11	93.86	92.59	64.29	210.48	3.25	28.79
			P值	< 0.01	0.07	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.07	< 0.01
女	2018	1 439		29.0	74.8	59.6	37.5	38.5	21.8	52.1	4.8	14.0
	2019	1 474		40.4	86.9	54.0	25.8	23.7	13.4	34.3	3.1	10.0
	2020	1 426		48.6	74.5	52.7	31.4	21.8	14.7	37.9	2.5	10.3
	2021	1 371		47.0	74.6	41.1	55.5	21.4	12.8	30.3	2.3	8.2
			χ_趋势²值	114.15	6.73	89.83	103.27	103.97	34.69	113.55	15.65	21.69
			P值	< 0.01	0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01

性别	年份	人数	统计值	经常躺着、趴着看书或电子屏幕	经常走路、乘车看书或电子屏幕	天黑后看书使用台灯和屋顶灯	看电脑屏幕保持安全距离	看电视或玩电视游戏保持安全距离	近距离用眼＜1 h休息1次	课间一般在户外活动	每天户外活动≥ 2 h	睡眠不足
男	2018	1 573		18.2	9.7	62.8	65.3	72.2	39.1	20.2	31.0	76.6
	2019	1 518		14.4	9.1	68.1	71.8	77.5	65.8	13.8	34.1	79.1
	2020	1 547		13.4	8.1	67.8	71.0	79.4	64.2	13.3	31.4	79.2
	2021	1 475		11.1	6.9	70.4	72.5	79.3	65.8	17.4	34.3	76.8
			χ_趋势²值	31.33	8.57	17.84	15.99	23.95	199.14	5.04	1.89	0.03
			P值	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.03	0.17	0.86
女	2018	1 439		19.4	12.4	66.9	59.6	71.5	38.2	17.3	22.9	80.6
	2019	1 474		13.6	9.7	71.6	67.5	73.1	67.0	11.0	31.5	83.9
	2020	1 426		13.5	9.4	71.9	70.1	79.1	66.4	11.6	29.7	84.5
	2021	1 371		12.3	7.1	74.2	72.1	77.8	70.1	14.0	26.8	81.9
			χ_趋势²值	26.09	21.57	17.04	51.92	23.61	268.22	5.39	3.47	1.10
			P值	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.02	0.06	0.30

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表 3 苏州市不同学段学生2018—2021年用眼行为报告率变化趋势/%

Table 3. Trends of eye use related behaviors of students in different academic levels from 2018 to 2021 in Suzhou City/%

学段	年份	人数	统计值	根据身高至少每学期调次座位	在校每天做眼保健操≥2次	每天放学后读写时间≥2 h	读写姿势正确	每天看电视≥1 h	每天用电脑≥1 h	每天用移动电子设备≥1 h	经常阳光直射下看书或电子屏幕	经常关灯看电子屏幕
小学	2018	963		34.2	99.1	39.4	41.8	44.0	22.9	47.8	5.0	8.7
	2019	1 019		44.4	98.8	34.7	36.6	27.1	12.1	27.5	4.1	4.3
	2020	996		53.5	95.4	38.1	43.7	27.6	13.7	31.2	3.7	4.6
	2021	986		51.6	98.9	22.1	64.5	26.1	13.1	24.9	5.0	5.4
			χ_趋势²值	90.61	48.62	82.15	108.08	100.15	57.30	139.83	2.80	22.25
			P值	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	0.42	< 0.01
初中	2018	995		27.9	75.7	67.6	44.4	43.0	30.5	51.2	5.3	11.8
	2019	970		48.6	98.7	65.5	31.5	28.7	15.7	37.3	3.9	9.9
	2020	988		52.3	99.2	63.0	39.7	25.3	16.0	37.2	3.5	9.2
	2021	92		53.3	99.2	47.7	63.6	28.1	15.2	30.5	3.0	6.5
			χ_趋势²值	143.13	457.42	16.80	57.16	80.99	87.95	57.14	4.55	5.16
			P值	＜0.01	＜0.01	< 0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	0.21	0.16
普高	2018	765		29.7	65.2	88.8	40.1	30.5	23.8	56.1	5.9	19.9
	2019	746		38.3	59.2	75.6	19.8	10.7	12.6	23.7	3.1	13.7
	2020	741		48.3	30.4	67.5	22.7	13.4	16.9	27.0	3.2	16.3
	2021	702		44.2	28.3	65.1	47.2	10.3	13.1	19.2	2.1	10.7
			χ_趋势²值	61.26	327.32	134.15	176.65	152.23	43.22	289.11	16.56	26.08
			P值	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	< 0.01	＜0.01
职高	2018	249		16.5	14.9	10.8	27.3	53.8	41.0	82.7	7.2	22.5
	2019	257		19.8	63.8	12.8	20.2	47.1	40.5	91.1	6.6	18.7
	2020	248		25.8	31.9	12.9	21.8	44.0	38.7	83.5	3.6	18.5
	2021	233		24.5	23.6	11.6	47.6	45.1	41.6	78.1	4.3	12.4
			χ_趋势²值	8.07	154.30	0.71	55.68	5.81	0.47	15.86	4.39	8.34
			P值	0.05	＜0.01	0.87	＜0.01	0.12	0.93	< 0.01	0.22	0.04

学段	年份	人数	统计值	经常躺着、趴着看书或电子屏幕	经常走路、乘车看书或电子屏幕	天黑后看书使用台灯和屋顶灯	看电脑屏幕保持安全距离	看电视或玩电视游戏保持安全距离	近距离用眼＜1 h休息1次	课间一般在户外活动	每天户外活动≥ 2 h	睡眠不足
小学	2018	963		9.9	4.6	56.9	68.2	70.9	54.1	28.0	33.2	70.5
	2019	1 019		5.9	4.0	67.1	71.2	76.2	78.0	14.6	38.6	76.3
	2020	996		6.6	3.5	69.0	75.2	79.9	79.2	12.9	39.0	76.0
	2021	986		8.4	4.3	72.7	76.7	81.0	77.9	18.9	41.0	75.6
			χ_趋势²值	13.43	14.31	59.82	21.82	34.38	215.85	89.46	13.53	11.68
			P值	< 0.01	< 0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01	< 0.01	0.01
初中	2018	995		18.7	11.3	71.9	65.1	76.0	36.3	16.3	32.1	85.1
	2019	970		15.2	8.0	70.4	72.7	74.1	67.8	12.2	34.5	81.3
	2020	988		12.1	6.1	71.3	73.2	80.0	64.5	11.1	30.7	83.0
	2021	92		10.3	5.4	73.7	76.2	82.7	67.4	13.9	32.0	79.0
			χ_趋势²值	18.69	19.21	0.83	20.81	11.57	246.09	12.87	3.46	5.96
			P值	＜0.01	＜0.01	0.84	＜0.01	0.01	＜0.01	0.01	0.33	0.11
普高	2018	765		27.5	16.6	69.4	56.9	73.3	22.1	12.7	14.6	89.2
	2019	746		21.0	15.3	75.5	68.0	78.0	47.5	8.7	23.9	94.0
	2020	741		22.5	16.9	71.3	65.9	81.2	46.0	12.1	19.8	96.0
	2021	702		15.4	10.4	71.8	67.1	76.8	54.7	12.7	15.1	93.6
			χ_趋势²值	31.83	33.25	7.21	25.98	13.75	184.61	7.97	28.15	29.20
			P值	＜0.01	＜0.01	0.07	＜0.01	< 0.01	＜0.01	0.05	＜0.01	＜0.01
职高	2018	249		26.9	18.1	52.6	47.8	54.6	39.4	11.6	21.7	51.0
	2019	257		21.4	18.7	61.9	57.2	68.5	69.6	15.2	29.2	65.4
	2020	248		19.0	16.1	62.5	55.6	67.3	69.8	17.3	28.6	57.3
	2021	233		19.3	14.6	65.7	54.1	57.1	67.0	18.9	28.8	52.8
			χ_趋势²值	5.88	5.81	9.71	5.15	15.74	68.77	5.43	4.88	12.64
			P值	0.12	0.12	0.02	0.16	< 0.01	＜0.01	0.14	0.18	0.01

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