Issues and challenges of school-based sexuality education in China
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摘要: 近年来，学校性教育在中国具有的法律地位越来越明确，内容也越来越全面。性教育是国家之教育大计，随着中国新的学校性教育政策不断出台，在其指导和支持下，学校性教育的完善和优化势在必行。学校性教育在发展初期会面临一定的挑战，包括提高国民对性教育的正确认识、引导其树立正确的性价值观等；开展学校性教育所必需的配套教学资源研发工作，包括性教育课程、性教育教材、性教育教师培训、性教育教学效果监测等。基于上述内容，对中国开展学校性教育所面临的挑战进行分析，旨在探寻中国性教育在学校开展的最佳方式和教学方法。Abstract: In recent years, the legal status of school-based sexuality education in China is becoming more and more clearly defined, so that the content is becoming more and more comprehensive. It will be improved and optimized under the guidance and support of newly launched policies. At the initial stage of development, school-based sexuality education will face certain challenges, including the need of raising national awareness of sexuality education and establishing correct sexual values, researches and development of supporting teaching resources on school-based sexuality education, including curriculum of teaching material of sexuality education, teacher training, and teaching effectiveness assessment. This paper will analyze the challenges of school-based sexuality education in China, in order to explore the most suitable ways of implementing school-based sexuality education in China.
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Key words:
- Sex education /
- Public policy /
- Curriculum /
- Education
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表 1 我国2016—2022年性教育相关政策
Table 1. Relevant policies on sexuality education in China from 2016 to 2020
颁布时间 颁布部门 文件名称 主要内容 2016年10月 中共中央、国务院 “健康中国2030”规划纲要 明确“性道德、性健康和性安全宣传教育和干预”“减少不安全性行为”“减少与性相关疾病的传播”“生殖健康”“艾滋病防治”等对健康行为的重要性。 2018年9月 国家卫生健康委员会 中国青少年健康教育核心信息及释义(2018版) 接受和参与全面性教育，可提升青少年对性与生殖健康的认知水平，提升保护自身、尊重他人身心健康的责任意识。 2021年6月 全国人大常委会 中华人民共和国未成年人保护法(2020修订) 第四十条指出，学校、幼儿园应当对未成年人开展适合其年龄的性教育，提高未成年人防范性侵害、性骚扰的自我保护意识和能力。对遭受性侵害、性骚扰的未成年人，学校、幼儿园应当及时采取相关的保护措施。 2021年9月 教育部 未成年人学校保护规定 第四十二条指出，要有针对性地开展青春期教育、性教育，使学生了解生理健康知识，提高防范性侵害、性骚扰的自我保护意识和能力。 2021年9月 国务院 中国儿童发展纲要(2021—2030年) 1.在“健康”领域“目标12”提出：适龄儿童普遍接受性教育，儿童性健康服务可及性明显提高。2.在“策略措施14”具体规定：为儿童提供性教育和性健康服务。引导儿童树立正确的性别观念和道德观念，正确认识两性关系。将性教育纳入基础教育体系和质量监测体系，增强教育效果。引导父母或其他监护人根据儿童年龄阶段和发展特点开展性教育，加强防范性侵害教育，提高儿童自我保护意识和能力。促进学校与医疗机构密切协作，提供适合儿童的性健康服务，保护就诊儿童隐私。设立儿童性健康保护热线。 2022年3月 国家互联网信息办公室 未成年人网络保护条例(征求意见稿) 包含了大量对未成年人进行的与性教育有关的网络素养教育内容，以及对网络色情内容、欺凌行为严令禁止等要求。 2022年4月 教育部办公厅 教育部办公厅关于实施全国健康学校建设计划的通知 要将健康素养融入德智体美劳各方面，将健康促进贯穿学校教育教学、管理服务全过程，将健康教育渗透学生学习实践生活诸环节，加快学校健康促进能力的建设。 2022年4月 国务院办公厅 国务院办公厅关于印发“十四五”国民健康规划的通知 包含了大量与生育、婚姻、婴幼儿照护及妇女儿童性与生殖健康相关的内容。 
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