大学生自伤行为抑郁焦虑现况及相关性分析

赵颖; 王艳秋; 王俊; 江敏敏; 王静; 金岳龙

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.01.022

大学生自伤行为抑郁焦虑现况及相关性分析

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.01.022

皖南医学院公共卫生学院/皖南医学院慢性病防制研究所，安徽芜湖 241002

基金项目:

安徽省高校人文社会科学重点研究项目 SK2015A122

详细信息

作者简介:
赵颖(1989-)，女，安徽宿州人，在读硕士，主要研究方向为行为流行病学

通讯作者:
金岳龙，E-mail：94017416@qq.com

中图分类号: B 844.2 G 647.8 G 444
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- 文章访问数: 694
- HTML全文浏览量: 320
- PDF下载量: 72
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-06-11
- 修回日期: 2020-08-10
- 网络出版日期: 2021-04-01
- 刊出日期: 2021-01-25

Relationship between self-harm with depression and anxiety in college students

Institute of Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu(241002), Anhui Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解安徽省大学生自伤行为与抑郁、焦虑症状现况及其相关性，为减少大学生自伤行为发生提供理论依据。方法采用分层整群抽样的方法，对安徽省5所高校的9 638名在校大学生进行问卷调查，问卷内容包括基本人口学特征、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)和自伤行为问卷等。结果 9 638名大学生自伤行为检出率为22.94%(2 211名)，男生(24.51%)高于女生(21.72%)，差异有统计学意义(χ²=10.46，P < 0.05)；抑郁检出率为28.57%(2 754名)，焦虑检出率为11.11%(1 071名)。抑郁组自伤行为的检出率为33.48%，高于非抑郁组(18.72%)，差异有统计学意义(χ²=242.22，P < 0.01)；焦虑组自伤行为的检出率为48.74%，高于非焦虑组(19.72%)，差异有统计学意义(χ²=453.66，P < 0.01)。抑郁、焦虑均与自伤行为存在正相关(r值分别为0.24，0.27，P值均 < 0.01)。多因素Logistic回归分析表明，在控制其他相关的影响因素后，抑郁(OR=1.48)及焦虑(OR=2.84)与大学生自伤行为发生呈正相关(P值均 < 0.05)。结论安徽省大学生自伤行为、抑郁和焦虑检出率不容乐观，且自伤行为与抑郁、焦虑之间呈正相关。应重视对大学生的心理健康教育。
- 自我伤害行为 /
- 抑郁 /
- 焦虑 /
- 回归分析 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To examine the status of self-harm, depression and anxiety and to analyze the relation of self-harm with depression and anxiety in college students. Methods Totally 9 638 college students were randomly selected from five universities in Anhui province using stratified cluster sampling and were surveyed with basic demographic characteristics, Depression Self Rating Scale (SDS), Self-evaluation of Anxiety Scale (SAS) and self-harm behavior questionnaire. Results The detection rate of self-harm among college students was 22.94%(2 211), boys (24.51%) were higher than girls(21.72%), the difference was statistically significant(χ²=10.46, P < 0.05). The detection rate of depression was 28.57%(2 754). The detection rate of anxiety was 11.11%(1 071). The detection rate of self-harm in the depression group was 33.48%, which was significantly higher than those without depression group(18.72%)(χ²=242.22, P < 0.01). The similar results were found in the anxiety analysis, students with anxiety showed higher detection rate in self-harm (48.74%) than those without anxiety (19.72%)(χ²=453.66, P < 0.01). Both depression and anxiety were positively associated with self-harm behaviors(r=0.24, 0.27, P < 0.01). Multivariate Logistic regression model found that after covariates controlled, depression(OR=1.48) and anxiety (OR=2.84) were positively associated with self-harm of college students(P < 0.05). Conclusion Self-harm, depression and anxiety among college students in Anhui Province are at a high level, and a positive correlation between self-harm behaviors and depression and anxiety is observed. Attention should be paid to the mental health education of college students.
- Self-injurious behavior /
- Depression /
- Anxiety /
- Regression analysis /
- Students

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表 1 不同组别大学生自伤行为抑郁焦虑检出率比较

Table 1. Comparison of the detection rate of depression and anxiety in self-harm among different groups of college students

组别	人数	统计值	自伤行为	抑郁	焦虑
性别
男	4 210		1 032(24.51)	1 235(29.33)	455(10.81)
女	5 428		1 179(21.72)	1 519(27.98)	616(11.35)
		χ²值	10.46	2.12	0.70
		P值	<0.01	0.15	0.40
年级
大一	6 331		1 475(23.30)	1 654(26.13)	633(10.00)
大二	2 257		510(22.60)	723(32.03)	287(12.72)
大三	916		193(21.07)	318(34.72)	122(13.32)
大四	134		33(24.63)	59(44.03)	29(21.64)
		χ²值	2.64	64.45	33.39
		P值	0.45	<0.01	<0.01
独生子女
是	3 507		817(23.30)	974(27.77)	375(10.69)
否	6 131		1 394(22.74)	1 780(29.03)	696(11.35)
		χ²值	0.40	1.74	0.98
		P值	0.53	0.19	0.33
院校类型
医学院校	5 195		971(18.69)	1 303(25.08)	419(8.07)
非医学院校	4 443		1 240(27.91)	1 451(32.66)	652(14.67)
		χ²值	115.11	67.35	105.91
		P值	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01
自评性格类型
偏内向	2 794		794(28.42)	1 005(35.97)	421(15.07)
偏中性	3 813		816(21.40)	1 055(27.67)	395(10.36)
偏外向	3 031		601(19.83)	694(22.90)	255(8.41)
		χ²值	69.14	124.28	68.81
		P值	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01
与父母关系
不和睦	124		40(32.26)	69(55.65)	29(23.39)
一般	1 049		334(31.84)	442(42.14)	188(17.92)
和睦	8 465		1 837(21.70)	2 243(26.50)	854(10.09)
		χ²值	60.44	156.94	77.14
		P值	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01
注： ()内数字为检出率/%。

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表 2 大学生自伤行为及其各类型与抑郁焦虑的相关系数(r值，n=9 638)

Table 2. Correlation coefficient between self-harm and depression and anxiety in college students (r, n=9 638)

自伤行为	焦虑总分	抑郁总分
高致命性自伤行为得分	0.10	0.11
造成组织损伤自伤行为得分	0.15	0.15
无肉眼可见组织损伤自伤行为得分	0.22	0.18
具有潜在危害自伤行为得分	0.23	0.18
造成心理伤害自伤行为得分	0.26	0.25
自伤行为总得分	0.27	0.24
注： P值均 < 0.01。

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表 3 大学生抑郁、焦虑对自伤行为影响的多因素Logistic回归分析(n=9 638)

Table 3. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis on the influence of depression and anxiety of college students on self-harm (n=9 638)

自变量与常量		β值	标准误	Wald χ²值	P值	OR值(OR值95%CI)
性别	男					1.00
	女	-0.15	0.05	8.45	<0.01	0.86(0.78~0.95)
院校类型	医学院校					1.00
	非医学院校	0.41	0.05	65.75	<0.01	1.51(1.36~1.66)
性格自评	偏内向					1.00
	偏中性	-0.28	0.06	21.47	<0.01	0.76(0.67~0.85)
	偏外向	-0.29	0.06	20.16	<0.01	0.75(0.66~0.85)
与父母关系	不和睦					1.00
	一般	0.04	0.21	0.03	0.85	1.04(0.68~1.59)
	和睦	-0.27	0.21	1.76	0.18	0.76(0.51~1.14)
抑郁	无					1.00
	有	0.39	0.06	46.80	<0.01	1.48(1.32~1.66)
焦虑	无					1.00
	有	1.04	0.07	199.03	<0.01	2.84(2.46~3.28)
常量		-1.18	0.21	31.85	<0.01	0.31

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