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武汉市学龄儿童挑食行为及其与健康状况的关系

邵丽晶 向兵 何邱平 蔡丽 杨梅 曾婧

邵丽晶, 向兵, 何邱平, 蔡丽, 杨梅, 曾婧. 武汉市学龄儿童挑食行为及其与健康状况的关系[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2021, 42(1): 37-40. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.01.009
引用本文: 邵丽晶, 向兵, 何邱平, 蔡丽, 杨梅, 曾婧. 武汉市学龄儿童挑食行为及其与健康状况的关系[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2021, 42(1): 37-40. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.01.009
SHAO Lijing, XIANG Bing, HE Qiuping, CAI Li, YANG Mei, ZENG Jing. Picky eating behavior and its association with health status among school-age children in Wuhan[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH, 2021, 42(1): 37-40. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.01.009
Citation: SHAO Lijing, XIANG Bing, HE Qiuping, CAI Li, YANG Mei, ZENG Jing. Picky eating behavior and its association with health status among school-age children in Wuhan[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH, 2021, 42(1): 37-40. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.01.009

武汉市学龄儿童挑食行为及其与健康状况的关系

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.01.009
基金项目: 

教育部人文社会科学研究项目 15YJAZH104

详细信息
    作者简介:

    邵丽晶(1997-),女,湖北武汉人,在读硕士,主要研究方向为营养与食品卫生学

    通讯作者:

    曾婧,E-mail:zengjing@wust.edu.cn

  • 中图分类号: G 478 R 153.2

Picky eating behavior and its association with health status among school-age children in Wuhan

  • 摘要:   目的  调查学龄儿童挑食状况及其与健康状况的关系,为中国学龄儿童的健康促进工作提供科学依据。  方法  采用整群抽样法,抽取武汉市洪山区2所小学三至六年级的796名学生,开展为期3 d的膳食调查,同时对儿童及其看护人进行营养问卷调查,根据调查结果进行分析。  结果  40.58%的儿童存在挑食问题,流动儿童与本地儿童间挑食行为报告率差异有统计学意义(χ2=3.92,P < 0.05),拒绝蔬菜类食物的儿童最多(23.87%)。与非挑食者[(0.49±0.01)(57.35±0.76)mg]相比,挑食者[(0.46±0.01)(54.32±0.90)mg]维生素B2和维生素C的每天摄入量较低(t值分别为2.03,2.57,P值均 < 0.05),且挑食者身高发育生长迟缓的发生风险比非挑食者更高(OR=1.42,P < 0.05)。  结论  挑食行为普遍存在于学龄儿童中,且与儿童身高发育迟缓显著相关。亟需针对儿童(特别是流动儿童)的营养教育活动,改善中国儿童膳食结构,促进健康成长。
  • 表  1  不同组别学龄儿童挑食报告率比较

    Table  1.   Comparison of the detection rate of picky eating behavior among children in different groups

    组别 选项 人数 挑食人数 χ2 P
    户口类型 本地 339 124(36.58) 3.92 0.04
    流动 457 199(43.54)
    性别 368 151(41.03) 0.06 0.80
    428 172(40.19)
    年龄/岁 9 179 69(38.55) 1.07 0.78
    10 202 80(39.60)
    11 210 85(40.48)
    12 205 89(43.41)
    饮食照管人 父母 680 276(40.59) 0.66 0.72
    祖辈 100 42(42.00)
    其他 16 5(31.25)
    父母文化程度 初中及以下 417 166(39.81) 0.22 0.89
    高中 305 126(41.31)
    大专及以上 74 31(41.89)
    家庭年收入/元 < 40 000 318 121(38.05) 1.14 0.56
    40 000~79 999 277 119(42.96)
    > 80 000 201 83(41.29)
    身高发育水平 生长迟缓 258 119(46.12) 4.87 0.03
    正常 538 204(37.92)
    体格发育水平 消瘦 53 19(35.85) 5.62 0.06
    正常 591 254(42.98)
    超重/肥胖 152 50(32.89)
    注: ()内数字为报告率/%。
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  挑食者与非挑食者食物摄入量比较/(x±s,g·d-1)

    Table  2.   Comparison of food intake between picky eaters and non-picky eaters/(x±s, g·d-1)

    组别 人数 蔬菜类 禽畜肉类 鱼虾类 蛋类 豆及豆制品类 谷薯类 水果类 奶类
    非挑食者 473 184.85±2.23 50.81±1.22 15.55±0.87 18.82±1.00 9.74±0.57 278.40±2.21 177.90±5.48 85.75±4.77
    挑食者 323 170.46±2.11 48.02±1.32 14.26±0.98 18.00±1.21 9.02±0.61 287.21±2.74 170.01±7.17 78.87±5.68
    t 4.45 1.53 1.04 0.62 0.75 -2.64 1.35 1.04
    P < 0.01 0.13 0.30 0.53 0.45 < 0.01 0.18 0.30
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  不同组别儿童每天营养素摄入量比较(x±s)

    Table  3.   Comparison of daily nutrient intake among different groups of children(x±s)

    组别 人数 能量/kcal 蛋白质/g 脂肪/g 碳水化合物/g 维生素A/μg 维生素B1/mg 维生素B2/mg
    非挑食者 473 1 763.98±10.86 50.73±0.39 54.65±0.40 155.01±5.39 455.76±10.54 0.30±0.01 0.49±0.01
    挑食者 323 1 758.77±14.53 50.48±0.54 54.24±0.53 153.68±6.55 442.25±13.62 0.30±0.01 0.46±0.01
    t 0.29 0.51 0.98 0.69 1.36 0.25 2.03
    P 0.77 0.61 0.33 0.49 0.17 0.80 0.04
    组别 人数 维生素B3/mg 维生素C/mg 维生素E/mg 钙/mg 铁/mg 锌/mg 硒/μg
    非挑食者 473 8.18±0.13 57.35±0.76 36.22±0.15 237.81±5.08 12.98±0.12 5.56±0.08 24.32±0.29
    挑食者 323 7.89±0.16 54.32±0.90 35.97±0.20 225.13±6.14 13.03±0.15 5.36±0.10 24.00±0.35
    t 1.56 2.57 1.57 1.68 -0.41 1.43 0.44
    P 0.12 0.01 0.12 0.09 0.68 0.15 0.66
    注:1 kcal=4.18 kJ。
    下载: 导出CSV
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2020-06-16
  • 修回日期:  2020-07-21
  • 网络出版日期:  2021-04-01
  • 刊出日期:  2021-01-25

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