Correlation between physical fitness index and mental sub-health among Chinese adolescents
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摘要:
目的 了解中国青少年心理亚健康和体能状况及其相关性，为促进中国青少年身心健康发展提供参考。 方法 在中国华东、华北、中南、西北、西南和东北地区，采用分层随机整体抽样法抽取16 545名13~22岁青少年，采用青少年亚健康多维评定问卷(Multidimensional Sub-health Questionnaire of Adolescents，MSQA)中的心理问卷进行心理亚健康调查，同时进行体能测试。采用χ2检验及Logistic回归分析对青少年不同体能状况与心理亚健康的关系进行分析。 结果 高等级体能指数青少年的心理亚健康状态总体检出率为11.9%，低等级检出率为26.0%，差异有统计学意义(χ2=970.73，P < 0.05)。高等级体能指数男生心理亚健康检出率为11.1%，低等级检出率为24.4%，差异有统计学意义(χ2=566.12，P < 0.05)；高等级体能指数女生心理亚健康检出率为12.8%，低等级检出率为27.6%，差异有统计学意义(χ2=412.25，P < 0.05)。Logistic回归模型在调整了性别、年龄、体质量指数和地区之后，低等级体能指数青少年心理亚健康状态检出率为高等级者的2.35倍(95%CI=2.12~2.61)。 结论 青少年体能水平较差者发生心理亚健康风险较高。应重视青少年体能发展水平，全面提升中国青少年身心健康发展。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the association between mental sub-health and physical fitness of Chinese adolescents, to provide a reference for promoting the physical and mental health of Chinese adolescents. Methods A total of 16 545 adolescents (13-22 years) were selected by random cluster sampling in six major administrative regions in China. The psychological part of the Multidimensional Sub-health Questionnaire of Adolescents (MSQA) and the physical fitness index test were used to assess mental sub-health and physical fitness, respectively. The chi-square test and Logistic regression analysis were used to analyze and compare the relationships between different levels of physical fitness and mental sub-health. Results The overall detection rate of mental sub-health status among high-grade physical fitness index adolescents was 11.9%, and the detection rate among low-grade physical fitness index youths was 26.0%, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=970.73, P < 0.05). The overall detection rate among high-grade physical fitness index boys was 11.1%, and that of low-grade physical fitness index boys was 24.4%. The difference was statistically significant (χ2=566.12, P < 0.05). The overall detection rate of mental sub-health status among high-level physical fitness index girls was 12.8%, and that among low-level physical fitness index girls was 27.6%, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=412.25, P < 0.05). After adjusting for gender, age, BMI, and region in the Logistic regression model, the detection rate of mental sub-health status of adolescents with low-grade physical fitness index was 2.35 times higher than that of high-grade physical fitness index adolescents(95%CI=2.12-2.61). Conclusion Adolescents with poor physical fitness have a higher risk of mental sub-health.Attention should be paid to adolescent physical fitness development to comprehensively improve physical and mental health development. -
Key words:
- Sports /
- Mental health /
- Sub-health /
- Regression analysis /
- Adolescent
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表 1 不同体能指数各学段男女生心理亚健康状态检出率比较
Table 1. Comparison of the detection rates of mental health sub-health among men and women in different physical fitness index
性别 体能指数 初中 高中 大学 合计 人数 检出人数 χ2值 人数 检出人数 χ2值 人数 检出人数 χ2值 人数 检出人数 χ2值 男 低 2 597 694(26.7) 172.15 2 518 609(24.2) 412.93 1 075 210(19.5) 41.54 6 190 1 513(24.4) 566.12 高 864 106(12.3) 932 103(11.1) 358 31(8.7) 2 154 240(11.1) 女 低 2 527 766(30.3) 144.66 2 544 719(28.3) 177.34 1 082 215(19.9) 118.70 6 153 1 700(27.6) 412.25 高 840 114(13.6) 848 114(13.4) 360 34(9.4) 2 048 262(12.8) 注： ()内数字为检出率/%，P值均 < 0.01。 
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表 2 不同学段青少年不同体能指数心理亚健康各维度检出率比较
Table 2. Comparison of detection rates of mental sub-health dimensions in different physical fitness index of adolescents
性别 体能指数 统计值 初中 高中 人数 情绪亚健康 品行亚健康 社会适应亚健康 人数 情绪亚健康 品行亚健康 社会适应亚健康 男 低 2 597 865(33.3) 910(35.0) 546(21.0) 2 518 753(29.9) 758(30.1) 528(21.0) 高 864 152(17.6) 160(18.5) 89(10.3) 932 91(9.8) 92(9.9) 80(8.6) χ2值 77.16 82.86 49.76 149.32 149.96 71.87 女 低 2 527 841(33.3) 827(32.7) 548(21.7) 2 544 815(32.0) 762(30.0) 641(25.2) 高 840 126(15.0) 116(13.8) 72(8.6) 848 107(12.6) 86(10.1) 90(10.6) χ2值 102.91 111.88 72.17 121.16 133.13 80.00 性别 体能指数 统计值 大学 合计 人数 情绪亚健康 品行亚健康 社会适应亚健康 人数 情绪亚健康 品行亚健康 社会适应亚健康 男 低 1 075 203(18.9) 207(19.3) 169(15.7) 6 190 1 821(29.4) 1 875(30.3) 1 243(20.0) 高 358 19(5.3) 22(6.1) 26(7.3) 2 154 262(12.2) 274(12.7) 195(9.1) χ2值 37.81 34.38 16.34 253.98 257.98 136.24 女 低 1 082 249(23.0) 233(21.5) 201(18.6) 6 153 1 905(31.0) 1 822(29.6) 1 390(22.6) 高 360 31(8.6) 31(8.6) 25(6.9) 2 048 264(12.9) 233(11.4) 187(9.1) χ2值 35.80 30.16 27.65 257.91 272.06 179.22 注： ()内数字为检出率/%，P值均 < 0.01。
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表 3 中国青少年心理亚健康状态单因素分析
Table 3. Single factor analysis of mental health sub-health status of Chinese adolescents
组别 人数 体能指数 营养状况 地区 低等级 高等级 消瘦 正常 超重 肥胖 华北 华东 中南 西北 西南 东北 心理亚健康组 3 715 3 213(86.5) 502(13.5) 1 104(29.7) 1 740(46.8) 662(17.8) 209(5.6) 664(17.9) 609(16.4) 562(15.1) 608(16.4) 621(16.7) 651(17.5) 健康组 12 830 9 130(71.2) 3 700(28.8) 3 843(30.0) 7 681(59.9) 1 047(8.2) 259(2.0) 2 065(16.1) 2 148(16.7) 2 190(17.1) 2 151(16.8) 2 164(16.9) 2 112(16.5) 注： ()内数字为构成比/%。
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表 4 中国青少年心理亚健康状态多因素Logistic回归分析(n=16 545)
Table 4. Multi-factor Logistic regression analysis of mental health status in Chinese adolescents (n=16 545)
自变量 选项 OR值(OR值95%CI) P值 地区 华东 0.90(0.78~1.02) 0.10 中南 0.80(0.70~0.91) 0.00 西北 0.91(0.80~1.03) 0.14 西南 0.88(0.77~1.00) 0.05 东北 0.85(0.75~1.00) 0.01 性别 男 0.94(0.92~0.96) 0.00 年龄 0.85(0.79~0.92) 0.00 营养状况 消瘦 1.17(1.07~1.28) 0.00 超重 2.44(2.18~2.73) 0.00 肥胖 2.89(2.39~3.06) 0.00 体能指数等级 低等级 2.35(2.12~2.61) 0.00
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