中国青少年饮食行为与心理亚健康的相关性

周美竹; 吴慧攀; 张婷; 尹小俭; 曹俊方

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.01.004

中国青少年饮食行为与心理亚健康的相关性

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.01.004

1.
上海应用技术大学体育教育部，上海 201418
2.
太原工业学院儿童青少年健康促进研究中心
3.
华东师范大学体育与健康学院
4.
上海应用技术大学经济与管理学院

基金项目:

上海市哲学社会科学2020年度规划课题项目 2020BTY001

上海市教育科学研究2021年度课题项目 C2021149

详细信息

作者简介:
周美竹(1992-)，女，辽宁鞍山人，硕士，助教，主要研究方向为运动训练学

通讯作者:
尹小俭，E-mail：xjyin1965@163.com

中图分类号: R 153.2 B 844.2
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-09-11
- 修回日期: 2020-11-20
- 网络出版日期: 2021-04-01
- 刊出日期: 2021-01-25

Correlation between dietary behavior and mental sub-health among Chinese adolescents

1.
Physical Education Department Shanghai University of Technology, Shanghai(201418), China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解中国青少年心理亚健康与饮食行为的相关性，为改善青少年心理亚健康提供科学依据。方法 2015—2017年在中国六大行政区采用分层随机整群抽样方法抽取16 545名13~22岁青少年，采用青少年亚健康多维评定问卷(Multidimensional Sub-health Questionnaire of Adolescents, MSQA)的心理问卷进行心理亚健康测试，同时进行饮食行为调查。结果男生在早餐、零食、碳酸饮料、蔬菜、鱼肉以及乳制品方面“基本都吃/喝”的比例分别为76.2%，20.2%，19.0%，78.4%，52.4%，59.2%，女生分别为79.2%，28.6%，12.6%，78.3%，43.2%，54.9%，除“蔬菜”选项外，其他各项在性别间分布差异均有统计学意义(χ²值分别为20.79，320.10，229.06，150.27，32.21，P值均 < 0.01)。心理亚健康方面，男生心理亚健康状态、品行亚健康和社会适应亚健康检出率分别为20.7%，26.0%，17.2%，女生分别为18.6%，24.1%，14.8%，差异均有统计学意义(χ²值分别为17.32，7.66，17.46，P值均 < 0.01)。控制年龄和性别后，多因素Logistic回归分析显示，早餐“基本都吃”和“偶尔吃”、蔬菜“基本都吃”和“偶尔吃”、鱼肉“基本都吃”和“偶尔吃”、牛奶、乳制品“基本都喝”和“偶尔喝”与心理亚健康状态的发生均呈负相关(OR值分别为0.60，0.73；0.50，0.65；0.74，0.77；0.73，0.69，P值均 < 0.05)。结论健康的饮食行为是避免青少年产生心理亚健康的保护因素。建议学校针对家长及学生定期开展膳食营养讲座及发放膳食营养指导手册，学校食堂配备公共营养师指导日常配餐等。
- 饮食习惯 /
- 精神卫生 /
- 亚健康 /
- 回归分析 /
- 青少年
Abstract: Objective To determine the relationship between mental sub-health and dietary behavior among Chinese adolescents, and to provide a scientific basis for improving adolescent mental sub-health through healthy dietary behavior. Methods A total of 16 545 adolescents aged 13 to 22 years were sampled by random cluster sampling method in six administrative regions of China. A questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate adolescents' dietary behaviors and mental sub-health status. Results The proportion of boys consuming breakfast, snacks, carbonated drinks, vegetables, fish and dairy products was 76.2%, 20.2%, 19.0%, 78.4%, 52.4% and 59.2%, respectively, while the proportion of girls was 79.2%, 28.6%, 12.6%, 78.3%, 43.2% and 54.9%, respectively. Except for the "vegetable" option, dietary behaviors showed significant sex differences(χ²=20.79, 320.10, 229.06, 150.27, 32.21, P < 0.01). In terms of mental sub-health, the detection rates of male adolescents' mental sub-health status, behavioral sub-health and social sub-health were 20.7%, 26.0% and 17.2%, respectively, while those of female adolescents were 18.6%, 24.1% and 14.8%, respectively. The differences between boys and girls were statistically significant (χ²=17.32, 7.66, 17.46, P < 0.01). Controlling for age and gender, breakfast "normally eating" and "occasionally eat", vegetables "normally eating" and "occasionally eat", fish "normally eating" and "occasionally eat", milk, dairy products "normally drink" and "occasional drink", was negatively associated with teenagers' psychological sub-health (OR=0.60, 0.73;0.50, 0.65;0.74, 0.77;0.73, 0.69, P < 0.05). Conclusion Healthy dietary behavior could be protective to avoid adolescent mental sub-health.Nutritional lectures and guideline books are needed among students and their parents.Nutritionists are encouraged to provide healthy nutritional advice to school canteen.
- Food habits /
- Mental health /
- Sub-health /
- Regression analysis /
- Adolescent

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表 1 不同性别青少年各种饮食行为频率分布比较

Table 1. Comparison of the frequency distribution of various dietary behaviors among adolescents of different genders

性别	人数	早餐			零食			碳酸饮料
性别	人数	基本都吃	偶尔吃	几乎不吃	基本都吃	偶尔吃	几乎不吃	基本都喝	偶尔喝	几乎不喝
男	8 344	6 361(76.2)	1 498(18.0)	485(5.8)	1 687(20.2)	4 776(57.2)	1 881(22.5)	1 582(19.0)	4 538(54.4)	2 224(26.7)
女	8 201	6 493(79.2)	1 280(15.6)	428(5.2)	2 346(28.6)	4 770(58.2)	1 085(13.2)	1 031(12.6)	4 218(51.4)	2 952(36.0)
χ²值			20.79			320.10			229.06
P值			< 0.01			< 0.01			< 0.01

性别	人数	蔬菜			鱼肉			牛奶、乳制品
		基本都吃	偶尔吃	几乎不吃	基本都吃	偶尔吃	几乎不吃	基本都喝	偶尔喝	几乎不喝
		基本都吃	偶尔吃	几乎不吃				基本都喝	偶尔喝	几乎不喝
男	8 344	6 543(78.4)	1 619(19.4)	182(2.2)	4 374(52.4)	2 883(34.6)	1 087(13.0)	4 937(59.2)	2 867(34.4)	540(6.5)
女	8 201	6 425(78.3)	1 597(19.5)	179(2.2)	3 539(43.2)	3 510(42.8)	1 152(14.0)	4 503(54.9)	3 071(37.4)	627(7.6)
χ²值			0.01			150.27			32.21
P值			> 0.05			< 0.01			< 0.01
注： ()内数字为构成比/%。

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表 2 不同性别青少年心理亚健康检出率比较

Table 2. Comparison of detection rates ofmental sub-health among adolescents of different genders

性别	人数	心理亚健康		情绪亚健康	品行亚健康	社会适应亚健康
性别	人数	心理亚健康症状	心理亚健康状态	情绪亚健康	品行亚健康	社会适应亚健康
男	8 344	2 545(30.5)	1 729(20.7)	2 158(25.9)	2 166(26.0)	1 435(17.2)
女	8 201	2 701(32.9)	1 525(18.6)	2 061(25.1)	1 976(24.1)	1 215(14.8)
χ²值		17.32		1.17	7.66	17.46
P值		< 0.01		> 0.05	< 0.01	< 0.01
注： ()内数字为检出率/%。

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表 3 青少年不同饮食行为组间心理亚健康检出率比较

Table 3. Comparison of the prevalence of mental sub-health among different dietary behavior groups of adolescents

饮食行为	选项	人数	统计值	心理亚健康状态	情绪亚健康	品行亚健康	社会适应亚健康
早餐	基本都吃	12 854		2 364(18.4)	3 119(24.3)	3 049(23.7)	1 901(14.8)
	偶尔吃	2 778		616(22.2)	783(28.2)	772(27.8)	503(18.1)
	几乎不吃	913		274(30.0)	317(34.7)	321(35.2)	246(26.9)
			χ²值	98.47	61.73	72.93	104.47
			P值	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01
零食	基本都吃	4 033		981(24.3)	1 241(30.8)	1 201(29.8)	791(19.6)
	偶尔吃	9 546		1 688(17.7)	2 230(23.4)	2 212(23.2)	1 369(14.3)
	几乎不吃	2 966		585(19.7)	748(25.2)	729(24.6)	490(16.5)
			χ²值	98.89	82.11	66.35	59.27
			P值	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01
碳酸饮料	基本都喝	2 613		671(25.7)	820(31.4)	797(30.5)	543(20.8)
	偶尔喝	8 756		1 600(18.3)	2 118(24.2)	2 081(23.8)	1 289(14.7)
	几乎不喝	5 176		983(19.0)	1 281(24.7)	1 264(24.4)	818(15.8)
			χ²值	76.19	57.04	50.15	55.18
			P值	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01
蔬菜	基本都吃	12 968		2 348(18.1)	3 093(23.9)	3 038(23.4)	1 875(14.5)
	偶尔吃	3 216		773(24.0)	972(30.2)	955(29.7)	661(20.6)
	几乎不吃	361		133(36.8)	154(42.7)	149(41.3)	114(31.6)
			χ²值	153.72	112.29	105.81	137.61
			P值	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01
鱼肉	基本都吃	7 913		1 495(18.9)	1 945(24.6)	1 938(24.5)	1 196(15.1)
	偶尔吃	6 393		1 213(19.0)	1 583(24.8)	1 565(24.5)	1 000(15.6)
	几乎不吃	2 239		546(24.4)	691(30.9)	639(28.5)	454(20.3)
			χ²值	61.20	39.25	16.95	35.67
			P值	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01
牛奶、乳制品	基本都喝	9 440		1 842(19.5)	2 394(25.4)	2 369(25.1)	1 463(15.5)
	偶尔喝	5 938		1 104(18.6)	1 441(24.3)	1 418(23.9)	892(15.0)
	几乎不喝	1 167		308(26.4)	384(32.9)	355(30.4)	295(25.3)
			χ²值	66.65	38.53	22.27	80.68
			P值	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01
注： ()内数字为检出率/%。

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表 4 饮食行为对青少年心理亚健康影响的多因素Logistic回归分析(n=16 545)

Table 4. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis on the influence of dietary behavior on mental sub-health of Chinese adolescents(n=16 545)

自变量	模型1		模型2
自变量	OR值(OR值95%CI)	P值	OR值(OR值95%CI)	P值
早餐
基本都吃	0.61(0.52~0.71)	< 0.01	0.60(0.52~0.70)	< 0.01
偶尔吃	0.73(0.61~0.86)	< 0.01	0.73(0.62~0.87)	0.01
几乎不吃	1.00		1.00
零食
基本都吃	1.23(1.09~1.39)	< 0.01	1.23(1.08~1.40)	< 0.01
偶尔吃	0.91(0.82~1.01)	0.08	0.92(0.82~1.03)	0.14
几乎不吃	1.00		1.00
碳酸饮料
基本都喝	1.27(1.12~1.43)	< 0.01	1.29(1.14~1.46)	< 0.01
偶尔喝	0.95(0.87~1.04)	0.27	0.96(0.88~1.06)	0.42
几乎不喝	1.00		1.00
蔬菜
基本都吃	0.48(0.38~0.60)	0.01	0.50(0.39~0.62)	< 0.01
偶尔吃	0.64(0.51~0.81)	< 0.01	0.65(0.52~0.83)	< 0.01
几乎不吃	1.00		1.00
鱼肉
基本都吃	0.76(0.67~0.85)	< 0.01	0.74(0.66~0.84)	< 0.01
偶尔吃	0.78(0.69~0.87)	< 0.01	0.77(0.68~0.86)	< 0.01
几乎不吃	1.00		1.00
牛奶、乳制品
基本都喝	0.78(0.67~0.90)	< 0.01	0.73(0.63~0.85)	< 0.01
偶尔喝	0.70(0.60~0.81)	< 0.01	0.69(0.59~0.80)	< 0.01
几乎不喝	1.00		1.00

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