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中国青少年饮食行为与心理亚健康的相关性

周美竹 吴慧攀 张婷 尹小俭 曹俊方

周美竹, 吴慧攀, 张婷, 尹小俭, 曹俊方. 中国青少年饮食行为与心理亚健康的相关性[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2021, 42(1): 13-17. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.01.004
引用本文: 周美竹, 吴慧攀, 张婷, 尹小俭, 曹俊方. 中国青少年饮食行为与心理亚健康的相关性[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2021, 42(1): 13-17. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.01.004
ZHOU Meizhu, WU Huipan, ZHANG Ting, YIN Xiaojian, CAO Junfang. Correlation between dietary behavior and mental sub-health among Chinese adolescents[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH, 2021, 42(1): 13-17. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.01.004
Citation: ZHOU Meizhu, WU Huipan, ZHANG Ting, YIN Xiaojian, CAO Junfang. Correlation between dietary behavior and mental sub-health among Chinese adolescents[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH, 2021, 42(1): 13-17. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.01.004

中国青少年饮食行为与心理亚健康的相关性

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.01.004
基金项目: 

上海市哲学社会科学2020年度规划课题项目 2020BTY001

上海市教育科学研究2021年度课题项目 C2021149

详细信息
    作者简介:

    周美竹(1992-),女,辽宁鞍山人,硕士,助教,主要研究方向为运动训练学

    通讯作者:

    尹小俭,E-mail:xjyin1965@163.com

  • 中图分类号: R 153.2 B 844.2

Correlation between dietary behavior and mental sub-health among Chinese adolescents

  • 摘要:   目的  了解中国青少年心理亚健康与饮食行为的相关性,为改善青少年心理亚健康提供科学依据。  方法  2015—2017年在中国六大行政区采用分层随机整群抽样方法抽取16 545名13~22岁青少年,采用青少年亚健康多维评定问卷(Multidimensional Sub-health Questionnaire of Adolescents, MSQA)的心理问卷进行心理亚健康测试,同时进行饮食行为调查。  结果  男生在早餐、零食、碳酸饮料、蔬菜、鱼肉以及乳制品方面“基本都吃/喝”的比例分别为76.2%,20.2%,19.0%,78.4%,52.4%,59.2%,女生分别为79.2%,28.6%,12.6%,78.3%,43.2%,54.9%,除“蔬菜”选项外,其他各项在性别间分布差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为20.79,320.10,229.06,150.27,32.21,P值均 < 0.01)。心理亚健康方面,男生心理亚健康状态、品行亚健康和社会适应亚健康检出率分别为20.7%,26.0%,17.2%,女生分别为18.6%,24.1%,14.8%,差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为17.32,7.66,17.46,P值均 < 0.01)。控制年龄和性别后,多因素Logistic回归分析显示,早餐“基本都吃”和“偶尔吃”、蔬菜“基本都吃”和“偶尔吃”、鱼肉“基本都吃”和“偶尔吃”、牛奶、乳制品“基本都喝”和“偶尔喝”与心理亚健康状态的发生均呈负相关(OR值分别为0.60,0.73;0.50,0.65;0.74,0.77;0.73,0.69,P值均 < 0.05)。  结论  健康的饮食行为是避免青少年产生心理亚健康的保护因素。建议学校针对家长及学生定期开展膳食营养讲座及发放膳食营养指导手册,学校食堂配备公共营养师指导日常配餐等。
  • 表  1  不同性别青少年各种饮食行为频率分布比较

    Table  1.   Comparison of the frequency distribution of various dietary behaviors among adolescents of different genders

    性别 人数 早餐 零食 碳酸饮料
    基本都吃 偶尔吃 几乎不吃 基本都吃 偶尔吃 几乎不吃 基本都喝 偶尔喝 几乎不喝
    8 344 6 361(76.2) 1 498(18.0) 485(5.8) 1 687(20.2) 4 776(57.2) 1 881(22.5) 1 582(19.0) 4 538(54.4) 2 224(26.7)
    8 201 6 493(79.2) 1 280(15.6) 428(5.2) 2 346(28.6) 4 770(58.2) 1 085(13.2) 1 031(12.6) 4 218(51.4) 2 952(36.0)
    χ2 20.79 320.10 229.06
    P < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01
    性别 人数 蔬菜 鱼肉 牛奶、乳制品
    基本都吃 偶尔吃 几乎不吃 基本都吃 偶尔吃 几乎不吃 基本都喝 偶尔喝 几乎不喝
    8 344 6 543(78.4) 1 619(19.4) 182(2.2) 4 374(52.4) 2 883(34.6) 1 087(13.0) 4 937(59.2) 2 867(34.4) 540(6.5)
    8 201 6 425(78.3) 1 597(19.5) 179(2.2) 3 539(43.2) 3 510(42.8) 1 152(14.0) 4 503(54.9) 3 071(37.4) 627(7.6)
    χ2 0.01 150.27 32.21
    P > 0.05 < 0.01 < 0.01
    注: ()内数字为构成比/%。
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  不同性别青少年心理亚健康检出率比较

    Table  2.   Comparison of detection rates ofmental sub-health among adolescents of different genders

    性别 人数 心理亚健康 情绪亚健康 品行亚健康 社会适应亚健康
    心理亚健康症状 心理亚健康状态
    8 344 2 545(30.5) 1 729(20.7) 2 158(25.9) 2 166(26.0) 1 435(17.2)
    8 201 2 701(32.9) 1 525(18.6) 2 061(25.1) 1 976(24.1) 1 215(14.8)
    χ2 17.32 1.17 7.66 17.46
    P < 0.01 > 0.05 < 0.01 < 0.01
    注: ()内数字为检出率/%。
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  青少年不同饮食行为组间心理亚健康检出率比较

    Table  3.   Comparison of the prevalence of mental sub-health among different dietary behavior groups of adolescents

    饮食行为 选项 人数 统计值 心理亚健康状态 情绪亚健康 品行亚健康 社会适应亚健康
    早餐 基本都吃 12 854 2 364(18.4) 3 119(24.3) 3 049(23.7) 1 901(14.8)
    偶尔吃 2 778 616(22.2) 783(28.2) 772(27.8) 503(18.1)
    几乎不吃 913 274(30.0) 317(34.7) 321(35.2) 246(26.9)
    χ2 98.47 61.73 72.93 104.47
    P < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01
    零食 基本都吃 4 033 981(24.3) 1 241(30.8) 1 201(29.8) 791(19.6)
    偶尔吃 9 546 1 688(17.7) 2 230(23.4) 2 212(23.2) 1 369(14.3)
    几乎不吃 2 966 585(19.7) 748(25.2) 729(24.6) 490(16.5)
    χ2 98.89 82.11 66.35 59.27
    P < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01
    碳酸饮料 基本都喝 2 613 671(25.7) 820(31.4) 797(30.5) 543(20.8)
    偶尔喝 8 756 1 600(18.3) 2 118(24.2) 2 081(23.8) 1 289(14.7)
    几乎不喝 5 176 983(19.0) 1 281(24.7) 1 264(24.4) 818(15.8)
    χ2 76.19 57.04 50.15 55.18
    P < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01
    蔬菜 基本都吃 12 968 2 348(18.1) 3 093(23.9) 3 038(23.4) 1 875(14.5)
    偶尔吃 3 216 773(24.0) 972(30.2) 955(29.7) 661(20.6)
    几乎不吃 361 133(36.8) 154(42.7) 149(41.3) 114(31.6)
    χ2 153.72 112.29 105.81 137.61
    P < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01
    鱼肉 基本都吃 7 913 1 495(18.9) 1 945(24.6) 1 938(24.5) 1 196(15.1)
    偶尔吃 6 393 1 213(19.0) 1 583(24.8) 1 565(24.5) 1 000(15.6)
    几乎不吃 2 239 546(24.4) 691(30.9) 639(28.5) 454(20.3)
    χ2 61.20 39.25 16.95 35.67
    P < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01
    牛奶、乳制品 基本都喝 9 440 1 842(19.5) 2 394(25.4) 2 369(25.1) 1 463(15.5)
    偶尔喝 5 938 1 104(18.6) 1 441(24.3) 1 418(23.9) 892(15.0)
    几乎不喝 1 167 308(26.4) 384(32.9) 355(30.4) 295(25.3)
    χ2 66.65 38.53 22.27 80.68
    P < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01
    注: ()内数字为检出率/%。
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  饮食行为对青少年心理亚健康影响的多因素Logistic回归分析(n=16 545)

    Table  4.   Multivariate Logistic regression analysis on the influence of dietary behavior on mental sub-health of Chinese adolescents(n=16 545)

    自变量 模型1 模型2
    OR值(OR值95%CI) P OR值(OR值95%CI) P
    早餐
      基本都吃 0.61(0.52~0.71) < 0.01 0.60(0.52~0.70) < 0.01
      偶尔吃 0.73(0.61~0.86) < 0.01 0.73(0.62~0.87) 0.01
      几乎不吃 1.00 1.00
    零食
      基本都吃 1.23(1.09~1.39) < 0.01 1.23(1.08~1.40) < 0.01
      偶尔吃 0.91(0.82~1.01) 0.08 0.92(0.82~1.03) 0.14
      几乎不吃 1.00 1.00
    碳酸饮料
      基本都喝 1.27(1.12~1.43) < 0.01 1.29(1.14~1.46) < 0.01
      偶尔喝 0.95(0.87~1.04) 0.27 0.96(0.88~1.06) 0.42
      几乎不喝 1.00 1.00
    蔬菜
      基本都吃 0.48(0.38~0.60) 0.01 0.50(0.39~0.62) < 0.01
      偶尔吃 0.64(0.51~0.81) < 0.01 0.65(0.52~0.83) < 0.01
      几乎不吃 1.00 1.00
    鱼肉
      基本都吃 0.76(0.67~0.85) < 0.01 0.74(0.66~0.84) < 0.01
      偶尔吃 0.78(0.69~0.87) < 0.01 0.77(0.68~0.86) < 0.01
      几乎不吃 1.00 1.00
    牛奶、乳制品
      基本都喝 0.78(0.67~0.90) < 0.01 0.73(0.63~0.85) < 0.01
      偶尔喝 0.70(0.60~0.81) < 0.01 0.69(0.59~0.80) < 0.01
      几乎不喝 1.00 1.00
    下载: 导出CSV
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2020-09-11
  • 修回日期:  2020-11-20
  • 网络出版日期:  2021-04-01
  • 刊出日期:  2021-01-25

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