内蒙古中学生营养不足和抑郁症状共存及相关因素分析

吴楠; 杨田; 张秀红; 马彩霞; 高昇

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025314

内蒙古中学生营养不足和抑郁症状共存及相关因素分析

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025314

吴楠^{1, 2},
杨田²,
张秀红^2, ,,
马彩霞^{1, 2},
高昇^2, ,

1.
内蒙古医科大学公共卫生学院，呼和浩特 010059
2.
内蒙古自治区疾病预防控制中心学校卫生所

基金项目:

内蒙古自然科学基金项目 2024QN08077

详细信息

作者简介:
吴楠(2000-)，女，内蒙古呼和浩特人，在读硕士，主要研究方向为学校卫生

通讯作者:
张秀红，E-mail：zxhcdc@163.com

高昇，E-mail：gaosh8899@163com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R153.2 G444 R179
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-05-06
- 修回日期: 2025-08-08
- 刊出日期: 2025-10-25

Coexistence and related factors of malnutrition and depressive symptoms among middle school students in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

WU Nan^{1, 2},
YANG Tian²,
ZHANG Xiuhong^{2
, ,},
MA Caixia^{1, 2},
GAO Sheng^{2
, ,}

1.
School of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010059, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解中学生营养不足和抑郁症状共存现状及其相关因素，为探索中学生营养不足和抑郁症状“共存-共因-共防”提供参考。方法 2023年9月，采用分层随机整群抽样方法在内蒙古地区12个盟市(103个旗县)抽取88 594名初中、普通高中、职业高中学生进行体格检查以获取营养不足数据，采用抑郁量表(CES-D)对其进行抑郁症状评估。采用χ²检验和多元Logistic回归法分析中学生营养不足和抑郁症状及其共存的相关因素。结果 2023年内蒙古地区中学生营养不足和抑郁症状及其共存的检出率分别为4.60%，21.85%和0.90%。不同性别、监测点(除营养不足外)、学段中学生营养不足、抑郁症状及共存检出率差异均有统计学意义(χ²=4.95~817.39，P值均 < 0.05)。多元Logistic回归分析结果显示，高中、每天喝含糖饮料≥1次、有网络成瘾的学生营养不足及抑郁症状共存发生风险较高[OR值(95%CI)分别为1.38(1.04~1.83)，1.46(1.20~1.78)，2.28(1.90~2.74)]；女性、每天吃新鲜水果≥1次、每周中高强度运动≥1 h/d天数≥5 d、未在非治疗时用止咳药水、未在非医嘱时用过镇静催眠类药品、不饮酒的中学生营养不足及抑郁症状共存发生风险较低[OR值(95%CI)分别为0.84(0.73~0.98)，0.77(0.66~0.89)，0.82(0.68~0.98)，0.66(0.53~0.80)，0.57(0.41~0.78)，0.63(0.53~0.72)](P值均 < 0.05)。结论内蒙古中学生营养不足和抑郁症状及其共存的发生情况不容忽视，学校、政府和社会应采取针对性措施，通过综合干预实施多病共防策略。
- 营养状况 /
- 抑郁 /
- 共病现象 /
- 回归分析 /
- 学生 /
- 少数民族
Abstract: Objective To understand the current status of malnutrition, depressive symptoms, and their coexistence among middle school students, so as to provide references for exploring the "comorbidity-common cause-common prevention" model for these conditions. Methods In September 2023, a stratified random cluster sampling method was adopted to select 88 594 students from junior high schools, regular high schools, and vocational high schools in 12 leagues/cities (covering 103 banners/counties) of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Physical examinations were conducted to collect data on malnutrition, and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) Scale was used to assess depressive symptoms. The Chi-square test and multivariate linear stepwise regression analysis were employed to analyze the related factors of malnutrition, depressive symptoms, and their coexistence. Results In 2023, the detection rates of malnutrition, depressive symptoms, and their coexistence among middle school students in Inner Mongolia were 4.60%, 21.85%, and 0.90%, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in the detection rates of malnutrition, depressive symptoms, and their coexistence among middle school students of different genders, monitoring sites (except for malnutrition), and school stages (χ²=4.95-817.39, all P < 0.05). The results of the multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that high school students, drink sugar-sweetened beverages ≥1 time per day and those with Internet addiction had higher risk of coexisting malnutrition and depressive symptoms [OR(95%CI)=1.38 (1.04-1.83), 1.46 (1.20-1.78), 2.28 (1.90-2.74), respectively, all P < 0.05]. The risk of coexistence was lower among female students, those who ate fresh fruits at least once a day, those who engaged in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity for ≥1 time/day, those who engaged in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity for ≥1 hour/day on ≥5 days/week, those who did not use cough syrup without therapeutic need, those who did not use sedative-hypnotic drugs without medical advice, and non-drinking students [OR(95%CI)=0.84 (0.73-0.98), 0.77 (0.66-0.89), 0.82 (0.68-0.98), 0.66 (0.53-0.80), 0.57 (0.41-0.78), 0.63 (0.53-0.72), respectively, all P < 0.05]. Conclusions The occurrence of undernutrition, depressive symptoms, and their coexistence among middle school students in Inner Mongolia can't be ignored. Schools, the government and society should implement a strategy aimed at concurrent prevention of multiple conditions through comprehensive interventions.
- Nutritional status /
- Depression /
- Comorbidity /
- Regression analysis /
- Students /
- Minority groups
注释:

1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。

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表 1 内蒙古不同人口学特征中学生营养不足、抑郁症状及共存检出率比较

Table 1. Comparison of detection rates of malnutrition, depressive symptoms and comorbidities among middle school students with different demographic characteristics in Inner Mongolia

人口学指标	选项	人数	营养不足			抑郁症状			营养不足-抑郁症状共存
人口学指标	选项	人数	检出人数	χ²值	P值	检出人数	χ²值	P值	检出人数	χ²值	P值
性别	男	43 544	2 541(5.84)	298.05	< 0.01	8 329(19.13)	371.10	< 0.01	448(1.03)	15.45	< 0.01
	女	45 050	1 534(3.41)			11 027(24.48)			351(0.78)
监测点	城区	27 824	1 333(4.79)	3.38	0.07	6 310(22.66)	16.38	< 0.01	280(1.01)	4.95	< 0.01
	旗县	60 770	2 742(4.51)			13 046(21.47)			519(0.85)
学段	初中	53 431	2 341(4.38)	42.49	< 0.01	9 955(18.63)	817.39	< 0.01	378(0.71)	62.54	< 0.01
	普高	30 505	1 434(4.70)			8 190(26.85)			351(1.15)
	职高	4 658	300(6.44)			1 211(26.00)			70(1.50)
合计		88 594	4 075(4.60)			19 356(21.85)			799(0.90)
注： ()内数字为检出率/%。

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表 2 内蒙古中学生营养不足、抑郁症状及共存的单因素分析

Table 2. Univariate analysis of malnutrition, depression symptoms, and comorbidities among middle school students in Inner Mongolia

影响因素	选项	人数	营养不足			抑郁症状			营养不足-抑郁症状共存
影响因素	选项	人数	检出人数	χ²值	P值	检出人数	χ²值	P值	检出人数	χ²值	P值
饮食与健康相关行为
每天喝含糖饮料频次	< 1	81 100	3 680(4.54)	8.41	< 0.01	16 854(20.78)	638.35	< 0.01	669(0.82)	63.54	< 0.01
	≥1	7 494	395(5.27)			2 502(33.39)			130(1.73)
每天吃新鲜水果频次	< 1	34 132	1 673(4.90)	11.53	< 0.01	9 215(27.00)	862.50	< 0.01	405(1.19)	50.36	< 0.01
	≥1	54 462	2 402(4.41)			10 141(18.62)			394(0.72)
每天吃新鲜蔬菜频次	< 1	19 074	943(4.94)	6.57	0.01	5 110(26.79)	347.75	< 0.01	230(1.21)	25.13	< 0.01
	≥1	69 520	3 132(4.51)			14 246(20.49)			569(0.82)
每天吃油炸食物频次	< 1	84 109	3 844(4.57)	3.27	0.07	17 710(21.06)	610.31	< 0.01	718(0.85)	43.21	< 0.01
	≥1	4 485	231(5.15)			1 646(36.70)			81(1.81)
每周内吃早餐频次	天天吃	59 396	2 766(4.66)	1.35	0.25	10 318(17.37)	2 115.06	< 0.01	415(0.70)	83.24	< 0.01
	不吃或有时吃	29 198	1 309(4.48)			9 038(30.95)			384(1.32)
每周中高强度运动≥1 h/d	< 5	69 784	3 291(4.72)	10.14	< 0.01	15 405(22.08)	9.94	< 0.01	653(0.94)	4.22	0.04
天数	≥5	18 810	784(4.17)			3 951(21.00)			146(0.78)
每周体育课节数	< 3	43 815	2 086(4.76)	5.14	0.02	11 251(25.68)	744.90	< 0.01	487(1.11)	42.62	< 0.01
	≥3	44 779	1 989(4.44)			8 105(18.10)			312(0.72)
每天睡眠时长/h	< 8	77 407	3 519(4.55)	4.00	0.05	17 623(22.77)	303.01	< 0.01	722(0.93)	6.53	0.01
	≥8	11 187	556(4.97)			1 733(15.49)			77(0.69)
每天用电脑时长/h	< 1	74 055	3 355(4.53)	4.93	0.03	15 136(20.44)	524.77	< 0.01	591(0.80)	54.41	< 0.01
	≥1	14 539	720(4.95)			4 220(29.03)			208(1.43)
危险行为
吸烟	是	8 705	391(4.49)	0.26	0.61	3 774(43.35)	2 614.99	< 0.01	156(1.79)	85.60	< 0.01
	否	79 889	3 684(4.61)			15 582(19.50)			643(0.80)
饮酒	是	18 544	789(4.25)	6.36	0.01	7 503(40.46)	4 758.39	< 0.01	303(1.63)	140.64	< 0.01
	否	70 050	3 286(4.69)			11 853(16.92)			496(0.71)
使用可吸入性溶剂	是	1 368	76(5.56)	2.89	0.09	615(44.96)	434.53	< 0.01	37(2.70)	50.53	< 0.01
	否	87 226	3 999(4.54)			18 741(21.49)			762(0.87)
非治疗时用止咳药水	是	7 336	359(4.89)	1.58	0.21	2 689(36.65)	1 027.01	< 0.01	125(1.70)	57.57	< 0.01
	否	81 258	3 716(4.57)			16 667(20.51)			674(0.83)
非医嘱用过镇静催眠类	是	1 581	77(4.87)	0.27	0.60	956(60.47)	1 406.13	< 0.01	47(2.97)	77.25	< 0.01
药品	否	87 013	3 998(4.59)			18 400(21.15)			752(0.86)
网络成瘾	无	82 017	3 800(4.63)	2.83	0.09	15 681(19.12)	4 817.97	< 0.01	633(0.77)	209.15	< 0.01
	有	6 577	275(4.18)			3 675(55.88)			166(2.52)
曾经受到严重伤害	有	5 938	272(4.58)	0.01	0.94	2 385(40.17)	1 250.62	< 0.01	97(1.63)	38.13	< 0.01
	无	82 656	3 803(4.60)			16 971(20.53)			702(0.85)
注： ()内数字为检出率/%。

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表 3 内蒙古中学生营养不足及抑郁症状共存的多元Logistic回归分析(n=88 594)

Table 3. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis of the comorbidities of nutritional deficiency and depressive symptoms in middle school students in Inner Mongolia(n=88 594)

自变量	参照	β值	标准误	OR值(95%CI)
性别	男	-0.17	0.24	0.84(0.73~0.98)^*
学段	初中	0.32	0.15	1.38(1.04~1.83)^*
每天吃新鲜水果频次	< 1	-0.27	0.08	0.77(0.66~0.89)^**
每天喝含糖饮料频次	< 1	0.38	0.10	1.46(1.20~1.78)^**
每周中高强度运动≥1 h/d天数	< 5	-0.20	0.09	0.82(0.68~0.98)^*
非治疗时用过止咳药水	是	-0.04	0.10	0.66(0.53~0.80)^**
饮酒	是	-0.47	0.09	0.63(0.53~0.72)^**
非医嘱用过镇静催眠类药品	是	-0.57	0.16	0.57(0.41~0.78)^**
网络成瘾	无	0.83	0.09	2.28(1.90~2.74)^**
注： ^P < 0.05，^{ *}P < 0.01。

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