宁夏高校大一学生体质量指数与体能指数的关联

朱华睿; 刘晶; 牛跟田; 张燕虹; 杜鹏英; 马伟平; 杨扬; 张玲

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025312

宁夏高校大一学生体质量指数与体能指数的关联

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025312

朱华睿^{1, 2},
刘晶^{1, 2},
牛跟田³,
张燕虹⁴,
杜鹏英⁵,
马伟平⁶,
杨扬^{1, 2},
张玲^{1, 2, ,}

1.
宁夏医科大学公共卫生学院, 银川 750004
2.
宁夏环境因素与慢性病控制重点实验室
3.
北方民族大学体育学院
4.
银川能源学院护理学院
5.
宁夏医科大学体育与健康学院
6.
宁夏健康教育所综合科

基金项目:

宁夏自然科学基金项目 2023AAC03174

宁夏医科大学校级科研项目一般项目校2023072

宁夏校级创新训练项目 X2025107520032

详细信息

作者简介:
朱华睿(1999-)，女，云南楚雄人，在读硕士，主要研究方向为环境因素与妇幼健康

通讯作者:
张玲，E-mail: zhangling@nxmu.edu.cn

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R179 G804.49 G479
计量
- 文章访问数: 6
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-04-28
- 修回日期: 2025-09-03
- 刊出日期: 2025-10-25

Association between body mass index and physical fitness index of freshman students in Ningxia universities

ZHU Huarui^{1, 2},
LIU Jing^{1, 2},
NIU Gentian³,
ZHANG Yanhong⁴,
DU Pengying⁵,
MA Weiping⁶,
YANG Yang^{1, 2},
ZHANG Ling^{1, 2
, ,}

1.
School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解宁夏高校不同体质量指数(BMI)等级大一学生体质健康水平，并探讨BMI与体能指数(PFI)的关联，为提高大学生体质健康水平提供参考依据。方法 2024年11月，采用方便抽样和分层整群随机抽样相结合的方法，收集宁夏银川市4所高校2019—2023年16 631名大一学生体质健康测试数据，采用体能测试成绩Z分计算PFI，对大学生BMI和PFI的关系建立最小二乘法的非线性二次模型。结果男生BMI为(21.69±3.53)kg/m²，女生为(20.78±2.94)kg/m²。男生体能指标综合得分(69.86±9.25)低于女生(72.24±8.15)，差异有统计学意义(t=-17.54)；且男生各项体能指标(肺活量、坐位体前屈、立定跳远、引体向上/1 min仰卧起坐、1 000 m跑/800 m跑)不及格率均高于女生(χ²值分别为103.48，72.45，14.38，5 134.85，188.89)(P值均 < 0.01)。不同BMI等级间比较显示，男生在50 m跑、立定跳远、1 000 m跑、综合得分及PFI上均表现为正常体重组优于其余组别(F值分别为89.17，113.90，179.02，573.35，593.08)；女生在50 m跑、坐位体前屈、800 m跑、综合得分及PFI上均表现为正常体重组优于其余组别(F值分别为10.67，19.58，96.45，294.05，183.45)(P值均 < 0.01)。大一学生BMI和PFI的关系呈现抛物线变化趋势，BMI居中的学生表现出较高的PFI，并且随着BMI的升高，PFI呈下降趋势(P值均 < 0.01)。结论宁夏高校大一男生体质健康水平低于女生，BMI等级与PFI存在关联性。应根据不同性别、不同BMI等级学生的体质特点，采取不同干预措施以改善大学生体质健康。
- 人体质量指数 /
- 体质 /
- 生长和发育 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To understand current state of physical health levels of first-year students in different body mass index (BMI) categories in Ningxia universities, and to explore the correlation between BMI and physical fitness index (PFI), so as to provide a reference for enhancing physical health levels of university students. Methods In November 2024, physical fitness test data from 16 631 first-year students across four universities in Yinchuan City, Ningxia from 2019 to 2023 were collected by adopting convenience and stratified cluster random sampling methods. The PFI was calculated using the Z-score of the physical fitness test results, and a nonlinear quadratic model was established via least squares regression to examine the relationship between BMI and PFI among university students. Results The BMI for males was (21.69±3.53)kg/m², while for females was (20.78±2.94)kg/m². The composite score for males physical fitness (69.86±9.25) was lower than that for females (72.24±8.15), with a statistically significant difference (t=-17.54, P < 0.01). Moreover, the failure rates of various physical fitness indicators (vital capacity, sit-and-reach, standing long jump, pull-ups/1-minute sit-ups, 1 000 m/800 m run) were higher among males than females (χ²=103.48, 72.45, 14.38, 5 134.85, 188.89, all P < 0.01). Comparisons across BMI categories revealed that among males, the normal weight group outperformed other groups in the 50 m sprint, standing long jump, 1 000 m sprint, composite score, and PFI (F=89.17, 113.90, 179.02, 573.35, 593.08); among female students, the normal weight group outperformed other groups in the 50 m sprint, sit-and-reach, 800 m run, composite score, and PFI (F=10.67, 19.58, 96.45, 294.05, 183.45) (all P < 0.01). The relationship between BMI and PFI among first-year students exhibited a parabolic change trend, students with a moderate BMI demonstrated higher PFI, and as BMI increased, PFI decreased (all P < 0.01). Conclusions The physical health level of male students in Ningxia universities is lower than that of female students. There is a correlation between BMI classification and PFI. Tailored intervention measures should be implemented according to the physical characteristics of students across different genders and BMI classifications to enhance university students' physical health.
- Body mass index /
- Body constitution /
- Growth and development /
- Students
注释:

1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。

HTML全文

图 1 不同性别大一学生2019—2023年PFI变化

Figure 1. Changes in physical PFI among first-year students from university of different genders, 2019-2023

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 男女大一学生PFI与BMI的关系曲线

Figure 2. Relationship curve between PFI and BMI among male and female first-year students from university

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 不同性别大一学生单项体能指标不及格率比较

Table 1. Comparison of failure rates of single physical fitness index among first-year students from university by genders

性别	人数	肺活量	50 m跑	坐位体前屈	立定跳远	(男)引体向上/ (女)1 min仰卧起坐	(男)1 000 m跑/ (女)8 00 m跑
男	6 993	486(6.9)	250(3.6)	544(7.8)	1 407(20.1)	4 831(69.1)	1 395(19.9)
女	9 638	336(3.5)	1 435(14.9)	445(4.6)	1 715(17.8)	1 406(14.6)	1 171(12.1)
χ²值		103.48	569.74	72.45	14.38	5 134.85	188.89
P值		< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01
注： ()内数字为不及格率/%。

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表 2 不同BMI等级大一男生的体质测试指标及PFI比较(x±s)

Table 2. Comparison of physical fitness test indicators and PFI for first-year male students from university of different BMI levels(x±s)

组别	人数	肺活量/mL	50 m跑/s	坐位体前屈/cm	立定跳远/cm	引体向上/次	1 000 m跑/s	综合得分	PFI^a
低体重组	638	3 835.36±750.45	7.69±1.03	11.29±7.53	222.19±20.97	8.00±5.09	254.84±32.62	67.19±8.29	-0.14(-1.69，1.63)
正常体重组	4 858	4 016.94±748.15	7.50±0.75	13.62±7.64	224.27±20.23	7.23±4.91	247.82±31.44	72.23±8.13	0.61(-1.34，2.47)
超重组	1 124	4 269.15±867.16	7.69±0.86	13.74±7.29	217.39±20.72	4.28±3.99	261.90±36.16	65.56±8.25	-1.04(-2.77，0.84)
肥胖组	373	4 239.66±869.34	8.16±1.11	11.91±7.48	206.03±22.96	3.01±3.87	285.12±50.08	56.62±10.20	-2.87(-5.33，-0.94)
F/H值		56.56	89.17	23.34	113.90	207.91	179.02	573.35	593.08
P值		< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01
注： ^a不符合正态分布，用M(P₂₅, P₇₅)描述。

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 不同BMI等级大一女生的体质测试指标及PFI比较(x±s)

Table 3. Comparison of physical fitness test indicators and PFI for first-year female students from university of different BMI levels(x±s)

组别	人数	肺活量/mL	50 m跑/s	坐位体前屈/cm	立定跳远/cm	1 min仰卧起坐/次	800 m跑/s	综合得分	PFI^a
低体重组	576	2 741.90±524.57	9.48±1.14	14.62±6.58	165.24±15.31	31.51±6.82	252.03±28.43	68.86±8.58	-0.09(-2.23，1.27)
正常体重组	7 899	2 813.26±583.54	9.44±1.02	16.11±6.67	163.69±15.61	31.26±6.98	245.87±26.95	73.22±7.62	0.22(-1.68，2.09)
超重组	935	2 889.68±565.41	9.55±1.00	15.75±6.25	159.01±16.77	31.16±6.78	253.96±27.00	68.73±8.12	-0.62(-2.33，1.27)
肥胖组	228	2 918.72±604.50	9.76±1.15	13.52±6.68	154.92±17.15	29.60±6.16	272.61±35.42	61.17±10.19	-1.82(-3.81，-0.49)
F/H值		10.56	10.67	19.58	48.73	4.60	96.45	294.05	183.45
P值		< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01
注： ^a不符合正态分布，用M(P₂₅, P₇₅)描述。

下载: 导出CSV

表 4 不同性别大一学生PFI与BMI的非线性回归分析

Table 4. Nonlinear regression analysis of PFI and BMI among first-year students from university of different genders

性别	自变量	标准误	t值	P值	β值(95%CI)
男	BMI	0.07	7.54	< 0.01	0.52(0.38~0.65)
(n=6 993)	BMI²	0.00	-11.34	< 0.01	-0.02(-0.01~-0.02)
女	BMI	0.08	7.12	< 0.01	0.55(0.40~0.71)
(n=9 638)	BMI²	0.00	-8.85	< 0.01	-0.02(-0.01~-0.02)

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