寄宿与非寄宿高中生抑郁焦虑症状与身体活动模式的关联

王晨; 李爱琴; 罗帅呈; 辛剑; 杨茂林; 朱君成

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025307

寄宿与非寄宿高中生抑郁焦虑症状与身体活动模式的关联

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025307

1.
南昌工学院体育与健康学院，江西 330108
2.
万年中等专业学校
3.
赣南医科大学党委(校长)办公室
4.
上饶师范学院体育学院

基金项目:

2023年江西省高等学校教学改革研究课题 JXJG-23-16-6

详细信息

作者简介:
王晨(1996-)，女，山东青岛人，硕士，讲师，主要研究方向为青少年体质健康促进

通讯作者:
朱君成，E-mail：837553717@qq.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R179 G806 G444
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-07-02
- 修回日期: 2025-09-10
- 刊出日期: 2025-10-25

Association of depressive and anxiety symptoms with physical activity patterns in boarding and non-boarding high school students

1.
College of Physical Education and Health, Nanchang Institute of Science & Technology, Nanchang 330108, Jiangxi Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的探讨寄宿与非寄宿高中生抑郁焦虑症状差异及其与身体活动模式的关系，为促进高中生心理健康提供科学依据。方法 2024年10—12月，采用方便抽样方法选取江西省南昌市、赣州市和上饶市3地36所学校的11 782名15~18岁高中生为研究对象，采用患者健康量表(PHQ-9)、广泛性焦虑量表(GAD-7)和国际体力活动问卷中文版短卷(IPAQ-SF)评估学生抑郁、焦虑及身体活动情况。采用Logistic回归探讨寄宿与非寄宿学生身体活动模式与抑郁焦虑症状的关系。结果寄宿生与非寄宿生抑郁症状检出率分别为45.7%和46.4%；焦虑症状检出率分别为43.0%和46.7%。寄宿生与非寄宿生吸烟、每天视屏时长、每天睡眠时长、每天久坐时长、每天吃蔬菜和午睡报告率差异均有统计学意义(χ²=16.74~664.17，P值均 < 0.01)。不同身体活动模式组间寄宿生与非寄宿生抑郁焦虑症状检出率差异均有统计学意义(χ_抑郁²=23.85，χ_焦虑²=22.78，P值均 < 0.01)。调整相关混杂因素后，高中生总体Logistic回归分析结果显示，与身体活动模式未达标组相比，集中型和规律型的学生抑郁症状风险均下降[OR值(95%CI)分别为0.83(0.70~0.98)和0.90(0.83~0.98)]；集中型的学生焦虑症状风险更低[OR值(95%CI)=0.78(0.65~0.92)]，集中型寄宿生焦虑症状风险与总体一致[OR值(95%CI)=0.71(0.52~0.98)](P值均 < 0.05)。结论寄宿与非寄宿高中生不同身体活动模式与抑郁焦虑症状存在关联。学校应在保持规律适度身体活动的基础上，加强学生身体活动量。
- 抑郁 /
- 焦虑 /
- 运动活动 /
- 精神卫生 /
- 回归分析 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To examine differences in depressive and anxiety symptoms between boarding and non-boarding high school students and their associations with physical activity (PA) patterns, so as to provide evidence to inform adolescent mental-health promotion. Methods From October to December 2024, a convenience sample of 11 782 students aged 15-18 years was recruited from 36 schools in Nanchang, Ganzhou, and Shangrao of Jiangxi Province. Depressive and anxiety symptoms and PA were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), and International Physical Activity Questionary Short Form (IPAQ-SF). Logistic regression model was used to examine associations between PA patterns, depressive and anxiety symptoms among boarding and non-boarding students. Results The detection rates of depressive symptoms were 45.7% and 46.4% among boarding and non-boarding students, respectively; for anxiety symptoms, the corresponding rates were 43.0% and 46.7%. Boarding and non-boarding students differed significantly in smoking status, screen time, sleep duration, sedentary time, daily vegetable intake, and napping (χ²=16.74-664.17, all P < 0.01). Across PA pattern groups, the detection rates of depressive and anxiety symptoms differed significantly between boarding and non-boarding students (χ_depression²=23.85, χ_anxiety²=22.78, both P < 0.01). Adjusted for confounding factors, Logistic regression analysis of high school students showed that compared with the not meeting PA recommendations, both the concentrated and regular PA pattern were associated with lower odds of depressive symptoms [OR(95%CI)=0.83(0.70-0.98), 0.90(0.83-0.98)]; and the concentrated pattern was also associated with lower odds of anxiety symptoms [OR(95%CI)=0.78(0.65-0.92)], and the association of anxiety symptoms in concentrated boarding students was consistent with that of the overall group [OR(95%CI)=0.71(0.52-0.98)] (all P < 0.05). Conclusions There is a correlation of different physical activity patterns with depressive and anxiety symptoms among boarding and non-boarding high school students. Schools should ensure students engage in regular physical activity and work to increase overall activity volume.
- Depression /
- Anxiety /
- Motor activity /
- Mental health /
- Regression analysis /
- Students
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表 1 行为方式特征、抑郁焦虑症状及身体活动状况在寄宿与非寄宿高中生间比较

Table 1. Comparison of lifestyle behaviors, depressive, anxiety symptoms and physical activity profile between boarding and non-boarding high school students

变量	寄宿生(n=6 842)	非寄宿生(n=4 940)	χ²值	P值
吸烟	544(8.0)	258(5.2)	33.66	< 0.01
饮酒	968(14.1)	687(13.9)	0.14	0.71
每周较规律吃早餐	5 839(85.3)	4 237(85.8)	0.43	0.51
每天吃蔬菜	6 035(56.6)	4 632(43.4)	103.50	< 0.01
每天午睡	4 327(63.2)	2 937(59.5)	17.41	< 0.01
有抑郁症状	3 127(45.7)	2 292(46.4)	0.56	0.46
有焦虑症状	2 939(43.0)	2 309(46.7)	16.64	< 0.01
中高强度运动规律	2 738(40.0)	2 495(50.5)	127.83	< 0.01
中高强度身体活动充足	2 722(39.8)	1 885(38.2)	3.18	0.07
每天视屏时长/h
< 2	1 219(17.8)	1 793(36.3)	664.17	< 0.01
2~4	2 192(32.0)	1 664(33.7)
>4	3 431(50.2)	1 483(30.0)
每天睡眠时长/h
< 7	1 033(15.1)	1 345(27.2)	285.93	< 0.01
7~9	5 222(76.3)	3 340(67.6)
>9	587(8.6)	255(5.2)
每天久坐时长/h
< 6	1 144(16.7)	694(14.1)	16.74	< 0.01
6~8	1 838(26.9)	1 326(26.8)
>8	3 860(56.4)	2 920(59.1)
身体活动模式
未达标	4 120(60.2)	3 055(61.8)	41.65	< 0.01
集中型	464(6.8)	198(4.0)
规律型	2 258(33.0)	1 687(34.2)
注： ()内数字为报告率或构成比/%。

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表 2 寄宿与非寄宿高中生抑郁、焦虑症状与身体活动模式的关联

Table 2. Associations of depressive and anxiety symptoms with physical activity patterns among boarding and non-boarding high school students

因变量	身体活动模式	寄宿生(n=6 842)			非寄宿生(n=4 940)			总体(n=11 782)
因变量	身体活动模式	β值	OR值(95%CI)	P值	β值	OR值(95%CI)	P值	β值	OR值(95%CI)	P值
抑郁症状	未达标		1.00			1.00			1.00
	集中型	-0.16	0.85(0.69~1.05)	0.13	-0.27	0.77(0.56~1.05)	0.09	-0.19	0.83(0.70~0.98)	0.03
	规律型	-0.09	0.91(0.81~1.02)	0.10	-0.13	0.88(0.78~1.00)	0.06	-0.11	0.90(0.83~0.98)	0.01
焦虑症状	未达标		1.00			1.00			1.00
	集中型	-0.20	0.82(0.66~1.01)	0.06	-0.34	0.71(0.52~0.98)	0.04	-0.25	0.78(0.65~0.92)	< 0.01
	规律型	-0.06	0.95(0.85~1.06)	0.33	-0.10	0.90(0.79~1.03)	0.12	-0.07	0.93(0.85~1.01)	0.09
注：模型调整了性别、年龄、年级、户籍、家庭类型、是否留守、家庭经济情况、父母学历、是否吸烟和饮酒、视屏时长、睡眠时长、久坐时长。

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表 3 不同户籍寄宿与非寄宿高中生抑郁、焦虑症状与身体活动模式的分层分析

Table 3. Stratified analysis of household registration of the associations between physical activity patterns and depressive/anxiety symptoms among boarding and non-boarding high school students

户籍	身体活动模式	抑郁症状			焦虑症状
户籍	身体活动模式	β值	OR值(95%CI)	P值	β值	OR值(95%CI)	P值
城镇寄宿生	规律型	-0.13	0.88(0.81~0.96)	< 0.01	-0.27	0.77(0.61~0.96)	0.02
(n=1 651)	集中型	-0.20	0.82(0.69~0.97)	0.02	-0.44	0.64(0.41~1.01)	0.05
	未达标		1.00			1.00
城镇非寄宿生	规律型	-0.14	0.87(0.71~1.07)	0.18	-0.19	0.83(0.68~1.02)	0.08
(n=1 935)	集中型	-0.08	0.92(0.54~1.58)	0.77	-0.31	0.74(0.43~1.27)	0.27
	未达标		1.00			1.00
农村寄宿生	规律型	-0.10	0.91(0.80~1.03)	0.12	-0.01	0.99(0.87~1.12)	0.83
(n=5 191)	集中型	-0.09	0.91(0.72~1.15)	0.43	-0.16	0.85(0.67~1.08)	0.18
	未达标		1.00			1.00
农村非寄宿生	规律型	-0.11	0.90(0.76~1.06)	0.20	-0.02	0.98(0.83~1.15)	0.78
(n=3 005)	集中型	-0.38	0.69(0.47~1.00)	0.05	-0.38	0.69(0.47~1.01)	0.06
	未达标		1.00			1.00
注：模型调整了性别、年龄、年级、家庭类型、家庭经济情况、父亲学历、母亲学历、是否吸烟、是否饮酒、视屏时长、睡眠时长、久坐时长。

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