中小学生24 h活动行为与身体成分的关系

汪容佳; 李红娟; 武宝爱; 郜艳晖

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025301

中小学生24 h活动行为与身体成分的关系

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025301

1.
天水师范大学体育运动与健康学院, 甘肃 741000
2.
北京体育大学运动人体科学学院/运动与体质健康教育部重点实验室
3.
山西大学体育学院
4.
暨南大学基础医学与公共卫生学院

基金项目:

癌症、心脑血管、呼吸和代谢性疾病防治研究国家科技重大专项 2023ZD0508500

癌症、心脑血管、呼吸和代谢性疾病防治研究国家科技重大专项 2023ZD0508502

详细信息

作者简介:
汪容佳(1997-)，女, 甘肃天水人，硕士，助教，主要研究方向为儿童青少年身体活动与肥胖

通讯作者:
李红娟，E-mail：janerobin@126.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R179 G806 G804.49
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-06-11
- 修回日期: 2025-08-14
- 刊出日期: 2025-10-25

Relationship between 24-hour activity behavior and body composition among primary and secondary school students

1.
School of Sports and Health, Tianshui Normal Institute, Tianshui 741000, Gansu Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的采用成分数据分析法探讨中小学生24 h活动行为与身体成分间的关联，为有效指导儿童青少年合理分配24 h活动行为并改善身体成分状况提供科学参考。方法 2021年6月，采用随机整群抽样方法抽取山西省太原市349名中小学生为研究对象。采用成分多元回归分析探讨中小学生24 h不同活动行为与身体成分指标的关联，采用成分等时替代模型探讨活动行为间等时替代10和20 min时对身体成分的定量效应。结果女生久坐(SB)时间与去脂体重(FFM)呈负相关(β=-4.81，P < 0.01)。男生中高强度身体活动(MVPA)时间与FFM呈正相关(β=7.01)；低强度身体活动(LPA)时间与FFM呈负相关(β=-9.26)，与体脂百分比(FAT%)呈正相关(β=0.09)(P值均 < 0.01)。成分等时替代分析显示, 10或20 min的SB、SL或LPA替代同等时间的MVPA产生的不利效应均大于MVPA替代相应行为所产生的有益效应。LPA替代MVPA 10 min，男生FAT%上升1.01%、反向替代则下降0.91%；SB或SL替代MVPA 10 min，男生FFM分别减少1.10和1.16 kg、女生分别减少0.81和0.74 kg，反向替代则分别增加0.92和0.97 kg，0.65和0.58 kg(P值均 < 0.05)。LPA、SB或SL与MVPA替代20 min时，变化趋势基本一致(P值均 < 0.05)。结论 24 h活动行为与中小学生身体成分有关联。MVPA是改善学生身体成分的主要影响成分。
- 运动活动 /
- 身体成分 /
- 生长和发育 /
- 等时替代 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To investigate the association between 24-hour activity behavior and body composition among primary and secondary school students using compositional data analysis method, so as to provide scientific guidance for optimizing daily activity allocation and improving physical health. Methods In June 2021, following the principle of random cluster sampling, 349 primary and middle school students were selected by lottery method from Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province. Compositional multiple regression analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between different 24-hour activity behaviors and body composition indicators. The isotemporal substitution model was adopted to examine the quantitative effects of substituting 10 or 20 minutes among activity behaviors on body composition. Results In girls, sedentary behavior (SB) time was negatively correlated with fat-free mass (FFM) (β=-4.81); in boys, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) time was positively correlated with FFM (β=7.01), while light physical activity (LPA) time was negatively correlated with FFM (β=-9.26) and positively correlated with body fat percentage (FAT%) (β=0.09) (all P < 0.01). Isocaloric substitution analysis revealed that replacing the same duration of MVPA with SB, sleep (SL), or LPA for 10 or 20 minutes produced significantly greater adverse effects compared to the beneficial effects of MVPA substitution. Replacing MVPA with LPA for 10 minutes resulted in 1.01% increase in FAT% and 0.91% decrease in reverse substitution for boys; replacing MVPA with SB or SL for 10 minutes resulted in a decrease of 1.10 kg and 1.16 kg in FFM for boys, 0.81 kg and 0.74 kg for girls, and reverse substitution increased by 0.92 and 0.97 kg, 0.65 and 0.58 kg, respectively (all P < 0.05). When LPA, SB or SL were replaced with MVPA for 20 minutes, the trend of change were basically consistent (all P < 0.05). Conclusions Activity behaviors of 24-hour are associated with body composition among primary and secondary school students. MVPA is the primary influential component.
- Motor activity /
- Body composition /
- Growth and development /
- Isotemporal substitution /
- Students
注释:

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表 1 不同性别学生各活动行为与身体成分之间的关系(β值)

Table 1. The relationship between activity behavior and body composition in male and female students(β)

性别	变量	SL	MVPA	LPA	SB
女	FAT%	0.03	0.00	0.01	-0.04
(n=187)	FFM	-1.03	1.92	2.35	-4.81^**
男	FAT%	-0.02	-0.04	0.09^**	-0.02
(n=162)	FFM	-0.86	7.01^**	-9.26^**	3.11
注： ^**P < 0.01。

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表 2 男女生活动行为之间等时替代与FAT%变化的关系/%

Table 2. The relationship between isotemporal substitution of physical activity behaviors and changes in FAT% among male and female students/%

性别	活动行为	10 min				20 min
性别	活动行为	MVPA↑	LPA↑	SB↑	SL↑	MVPA↑	LPA↑	SB↑	SL↑
女	MVPA↓		0.04	-0.04	0.10		0.09	-0.07	0.21
(n=187)	LPA↓	-0.04		-0.08	0.06	-0.07		-0.16	0.11
	SB↓	0.05	0.08		0.14^*	0.10	0.16		0.28^*
	SL↓	-0.10	-0.06	-0.14^*		-0.19	-0.12	-0.28^*
男	MVPA↓		1.01^*	0.66	0.68		2.17^*	1.48	1.52
(n=162)	LPA↓	-0.91^*		-0.37^*	-0.35^*	-1.76^*		-0.74^*	-0.71^*
	SB↓	-0.55	0.35^*		0.02	-1.01	0.69^*		0.04
	SL↓	-0.57	0.33^*	-0.02		-1.05	0.65^*	-0.04
注： ^*P < 0.05；↑表示增加10/20 min，↓表示减少10/20 min；表中数据表示活动行为间等时替代时FAT%产生的定量变化。

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表 3 男女生活动行为之间等时替代与FFM变化的关系/kg

Table 3. The relationship between isotemporal substitution of physical activity behaviors and changes in fat-free mass among male and female students/kg

性别	活动行为	10 min				20 min
性别	活动行为	MVPA↑	LPA↑	SB↑	SL↑	MVPA↑	LPA↑	SB↑	SL↑
女	MVPA↓		-0.67	-0.81^*	-0.74^*		-1.62^*	-1.89^*	-1.75^*
(n=187)	LPA↓	0.51		-0.14	-0.07	0.91		-0.28	-0.14
	SB↓	0.65^*	0.14		0.07	1.20^*	0.27		0.15
	SL↓	0.58^*	0.06	-0.07		1.05^*	0.13	-0.14
男	MVPA↓		-1.48^*	-1.10^*	-1.16^*		-3.21^*	-2.47^*	-2.58^*
(n=162)	LPA↓	1.31^*		0.40^*	0.34^*	2.51^*		0.81^*	0.69^*
	SB↓	0.92^*	-0.38^*		-0.06	1.70^*	-0.75^*		-0.11
	SL↓	0.97^*	-0.32^*	0.06		1.82^*	-0.63^*	0.12
注： ^*P < 0.05；↑表示增加10/20 min，↓表示减少10/20 min；表中数据表示活动行为间等时替代时FFM产生的定量变化。

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