代际亲子分离与农村学龄前儿童过敏性疾病的关联

朱敏; 马凯; 张安慧; 余敏; 汪玉芬; 孙莹

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025274

代际亲子分离与农村学龄前儿童过敏性疾病的关联

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025274

1.
芜湖市妇幼保健计划生育服务中心(芜湖市妇幼保健院)儿童保健科，安徽 241000
2.
安徽医科大学公共卫生学院儿少卫生与妇幼保健学系，安徽 241000
3.
南陵县妇幼保健计划生育服务中心儿童保健科，安徽 241000

基金项目:

2022年度出生人口健康教育部重点实验室开放课题 JKZD20222

详细信息

作者简介:
朱敏(1980-)，男，安徽桐城人，硕士，副主任医师，主要研究方向为妇幼健康管理与儿童保健

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中图分类号: R179 G78 B845.6 R781.6⁺⁷
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-03-30
- 修回日期: 2025-06-20
- 网络出版日期: 2025-10-10
- 刊出日期: 2025-09-25

Association between intergenerational parent-child separation and allergic diseases among rural preschool children

1.
Department of Child Healthcare, Wuhu Maternal and Child Health Care and Family Planning Service Center (Wuhu Maternal and Child Health Hospital), Wuhu 241000, Anhui Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的探讨代际亲子分离对农村学龄前儿童过敏性疾病的影响，为制定有针对性的公共卫生干预措施提供理论指导。方法 2024年3—6月，采用方便抽样与整群抽样相结合的方法在安徽省芜湖市南陵县选取10所幼儿园的全体在园儿童参与调研，最终纳入2 279名3~6岁儿童及其父母和主要抚育人参与调查。儿童父亲和母亲分别报告自己童年期的亲子分离信息，儿童主要抚育人报告儿童的亲子分离和过敏性疾病史信息；采用国际儿童哮喘和过敏研究(ISAAC)问卷作为过敏性疾病史(过敏性哮喘、过敏性鼻炎和特应性皮炎)的补充。采用方差分析和χ²检验比较不同亲子分离组儿童的组间差异，通过Logistic回归模型评估代际亲子分离与学龄前儿童过敏性疾病患病风险间的关联。结果纳入的学龄前儿童中，仅父母童年期亲子分离组、仅儿童亲子分离组和亲子分离代际延续组总体过敏性疾病患病率均高于父母与儿童均无亲子分离组(38.0%，41.8%，48.1%，30.4%；χ²=40.45，P < 0.01)。调整儿童年龄、性别、体质量指数等协变量之后，Logistic回归模型结果显示，相比于父母与儿童均无亲子分离组的儿童，仅父母童年期亲子分离组(OR=1.43，95%CI=1.06~1.94)、仅儿童亲子分离组(OR=1.82，95%CI=1.22~2.71)和亲子分离代际延续组(OR=2.33，95%CI=1.68~3.24)过敏性疾病患病风险均较高(P值均 < 0.05)。结论亲子分离代际延续与子代学龄前儿童过敏性疾病风险增加相关，亲子分离不良效应的多代累积性提示打破劣势代际循环的重要性。
- 代际关系 /
- 焦虑，分离 /
- 过敏反应 /
- 儿童，学龄前
Abstract: Objective To investigate the impact of intergenerational parent-child separation (PCS) on allergic diseases among rural preschool children, providing theoretical guidance for developing targeted public health interventions. Methods From March to June 2024, 10 kindergartens were selected from Nanling, Wuhu City, Anhui Province. A total of 2 279 children aged 3-6 years and their parents/primary caregivers participated in the survey by a combination of convenience sampling and cluster sampling method. Children's fathers and mothers reported the experiences of PCS during their childhood. The children's PCS experiences and allergies were reported by their primary caregivers. The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire was used to supplement the allergies (allergic asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Chi-square tests were used to compare differences between children in different PCS groups. Logistic regression models assessed the association between PCS and the risk of allergic diseases in preschool children. Results Among the preschoolers enrolled, the prevalence of allergic diseases in only parent-child separation group in childhood, only child separation group, and the intergenerational continuity of PCS groups were significantly higher than those of the none separation group (38.0%, 41.8%, 48.1%, 30.4%; χ²=40.45, P < 0.01). After adjusting for covariates including child age, sex and body mass index, Logistic regression model revealed that compared to children in the group without PCS, those in the only parent-child separation in childhood(OR=1.43, 95%CI=1.06-1.94), only child separation (OR=1.82, 95%CI=1.22-2.71), and intergenerational continuity of PCS (OR=2.33, 95%CI=1.68-3.24) exhibited higher allergic disease risk (all P < 0.05). Conclusions Intergenerational continuity of PCS is related to the increased risk of allergies in preschool children. The multigenerational accumulation of adverse effects from PCS underscores the importance of breaking the cycle of disadvantage across generations.
- Intergenerational relations /
- Anxiety, separation /
- Anaphylaxis /
- Child, preschool
注释:

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表 1 不同代际亲子分离经历组农村学龄前儿童人口学特征构成比较

Table 1. Comparison of demographic characteristics constituent ratios among rural preschool children with different intergenerational parent-child separation experience groups

亲子分离	人数	性别		分娩方式^*		是否早产^*		家庭月收入/元^*
亲子分离	人数	男童	女童	顺产	剖宫产	否	是	< 5 000	≥5 000
均无分离	824	417(50.6)	407(49.4)	387(53.8)	333(46.2)	586(84.2)	110(15.8)	260(35.9)	464(64.1)
仅父母分离	640	315(49.2)	325(50.8)	355(58.7)	250(41.3)	510(86.4)	80(13.6)	177(29.2)	429(70.8)
仅儿童分离	338	174(51.5)	164(48.5)	164(53.6)	142(46.4)	233(82.6)	49(17.4)	104(33.9)	203(66.1)
代际延续	477	243(50.9)	234(49.1)	256(57.0)	193(43.0)	357(82.8)	74(17.2)	142(31.5)	309(68.5)
χ²值		0.59		4.13		3.36		7.25
P值		0.90		0.25		0.34		0.06

亲子分离	人数		父亲学历^*		母亲学历^*		父亲过敏性疾病史^*		母亲过敏性疾病史^*
亲子分离	人数	初中及以下	高中及以上	初中及以下	高中及以上	无	有	无	有
均无分离	824	264(42.6)	355(57.4)	360(49.7)	364(50.3)	525(85.1)	92(14.9)	575(79.9)	145(20.1)
仅父母分离	640	191(34.6)	361(65.4)	214(35.3)	392(64.7)	450(81.8)	100(18.2)	465(76.7)	141(23.3)
仅儿童分离	338	119(49.0)	124(51.0)	142(46.3)	165(53.7)	208(85.6)	35(14.4)	223(72.6)	84(27.4)
代际延续	477	177(43.2)	233(56.8)	193(42.8)	258(57.2)	326(79.9)	82(20.1)	316(70.1)	135(29.9)
χ²值		17.18		28.97		6.39		16.50
P值		< 0.01		< 0.01		0.09		< 0.01
注：()内数字为构成比/%；^*数据有缺失值。

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表 2 不同代际亲子分离经历农村学龄前儿童过敏性疾病患病率比较

Table 2. Comparison of prevalence of allergic diseases among rural preschool children with different parental parent-child separation experiences

亲子分离	人数	医生诊断					ISAAC标准评估			总体
亲子分离	人数	喘息/过敏性哮喘	过敏性鼻炎	特应性皮炎	食物过敏	其他过敏性疾病	过敏性哮喘	过敏性鼻炎	特应性皮炎	总体
均无分离	824	17(2.2)	93(12.2)	76(9.9)	32(5.3)	78(10.2)	18(2.4)	55(7.3)	30(4.0)	234(30.4)
仅父母分离	640	15(2.5)	85(14.2)	69(11.5)	42(8.7)	90(15.0)^*	20(3.3)	70(11.7)^*	31(5.2)	229(38.0)^*
仅儿童分离	338	11(3.4)	51(16.0)	42(13.1)	28(10.8)^*	48(14.9)	13(4.1)	40(12.7)^*	17(5.4)	136(41.8)^*
代际延续	477	18(4.0)	82(18.3)^*	57(12.8)	55(15.2)^*	83(18.5)^*	15(3.4)	77(17.3)^*	23(5.2)	218(48.1)^*
χ²值		3.92	9.02	3.34	27.64	17.58	2.59	28.73	1.73	40.45
P值		0.27	0.03	0.34	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.46	< 0.01	0.63	< 0.01
注：()内数字为患病率/%；与均无分离组比较，^* P < 0.012 5；其他过敏性疾病包括药物过敏、花粉热、过敏性结膜炎和过敏性荨麻疹；调查指标均有缺失值。

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