内蒙古中小学生血压偏高流行趋势及其与营养状况的关联

李国峰; 张秀红; 杨田; 赵静; 赵菊芳; 田淑娟; 高建琼; 裴浩天; 于冬; 张蓉; 马彩霞

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025265

内蒙古中小学生血压偏高流行趋势及其与营养状况的关联

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025265

1.
内蒙古自治区综合疾病预防控制中心学校卫生科，呼和浩特 010031
2.
内蒙古自治区乌兰察布市中心医院麻醉科，呼和浩特 010031

基金项目:

内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目 2024QN08077

详细信息

作者简介:
李国峰(1992-)，男，内蒙古自治区包头市人，硕士，主治医师，主要从事学校卫生工作

通讯作者:
张秀红，E-mail: zhangxh519@126.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R179 R544.1 R153.2
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-04-02
- 修回日期: 2025-06-04
- 网络出版日期: 2025-10-10
- 刊出日期: 2025-09-25

Prevalence trends of elevated blood pressure and its association with nutritional status among primary and secondary school students in Inner Mongolia

1.
School Health Department, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hohhot 010031, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China

摘要

摘要: 目的分析2019—2024年内蒙古中小学生不同类型血压偏高的流行趋势及其与营养状况的关联，为制定中小学生血压偏高针对性的预防措施提供参考。方法 2019—2024年每年9月，采用分层随机整群抽样方法从内蒙古自治区每个盟市选取12所中小学校，分别纳入177 108, 137 758，190 182, 180 084, 188 056, 180 351名中小学生(除小学一至三年级)作为研究对象进行体格检查，并根据2024年同时完成问卷调查的129 821名中小学生基本情况，分析其营养状况与血压偏高的相关性。采用χ²检验和多因素Logistic回归模型进行统计学分析。结果 2019—2024年中小学生血压偏高的检出率分别为13.60%，13.68%，17.60%，17.24%，14.77%，15.96%；单纯收缩压偏高的检出率分别为4.24%，5.83%，7.26%，7.19%，6.24%，6.93%；单纯舒张压偏高的检出率分别为6.38%，4.99%，6.23%，6.41%，5.39%，5.66%；收缩压和舒张压均偏高的检出率分别为2.97%，2.86%，4.11%，3.65%，3.14%，3.36%。多因素Logistic回归分析显示，女生、初中、高中、超重、肥胖的学生血压偏高风险相对较高(OR值分别为1.27，1.25，1.32，1.66，3.07)，旗县、蒙古族、其他民族中小学生血压偏高风险相对较低(OR值分别为0.90，0.93，0.90)(P值均 < 0.05)。结论儿童青少年的超重、肥胖与不同类型血压偏高相关。在今后的预防措施中应有效防控儿童青少年的体重超标问题，从而有效降低其血压偏高的发生率。
- 血压 /
- 营养状况 /
- 回归分析 /
- 学生 /
- 少数民族
Abstract: Objective To analyze the prevalence trends of different types of elevated blood pressure and their association with nutritional status among primary and secondary school students in Inner Mongolia from 2019 to 2024, providing references for targeted prevention strategies. Methods From September 2019 to 2024, a stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select 12 primary and secondary schools from each league city in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. A total of 177 108, 137 758, 190 182, 180 084, 188 056, 180 351 primary and secondary school students (excluding grades one to three of primary school) were included for physical examination. The correlation between their nutritional status and high blood pressure was analyzed based on the basic situation of 129 821 primary and secondary school students who completed a questionnaire survey at the same time in 2024. Statistical analysis was conducted using a Chi-square test and multiple Logistic regression model. Results From 2019 to 2024, the detection rates of elevated blood pressure were 13.60%, 13.68%, 17.60%, 17.24%, 14.77% and 15.96%, respectively. The rates for isolated systolic hypertension were 4.24%, 5.83%, 7.26%, 7.19%, 6.24% and 6.93%; isolated diastolic hypertension rates were 6.38%, 4.99%, 6.23%, 6.41%, 5.39% and 5.66%; and combined systolic and diastolic hypertension rates were 2.97%, 2.86%, 4.11%, 3.65%, 3.14% and 3.36%. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that girls, junior high school, senior high school, overweight, and obesity were positively associated with elevated blood pressure risk (OR=1.27, 1.25, 1.32, 1.66, 3.07, all P < 0.05); conversely, county residence, Mongolian ethnicity, and other ethnicities showed negative associations (OR=0.90, 0.93, 0.90, all P < 0.05). Conclusions Overweight and obesity among children and adolescents are closely related to various types of elevated blood pressure. Prevention strategies should prioritize effectively controlling weight issues among children and adolescents, thereby effectively reducing the incidence of elevated blood pressure.
- Blood pressure /
- Nutritional status /
- Regression analysis /
- Students /
- Minority groups
注释:

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表 1 内蒙古2024年中小学生不同类型血压偏高单因素分析

Table 1. Univariate analysis of different types of elevated blood pressure among primary and middle school students in Inner Mongolia in 2024

组别	选项	人数	单纯收缩压偏高		单纯舒张压偏高		收缩压和舒张压均偏高		血压偏高
组别	选项	人数	检出人数	χ²值	检出人数	χ²值	检出人数	χ²值	检出人数	χ²值
性别	男	65 553	4 819(7.35)	0.71	3 424(5.22)	17.73^**	1 865(2.85)	95.88^**	10 108(15.42)	63.38^**
	女	64 268	4 803(7.47)		3 699(5.76)		2 455(3.82)		10 957(17.05)
学段	小学	55 438	3 421(6.17)	230.88^**	3 169(5.72)	9.92^**	1 699(3.06)	21.04^**	8 289(14.95)	124.95^**
	初中	50 014	4 045(8.09)		2 650(5.30)		1 751(3.50)		8 446(16.89)
	高中	24 369	2 156(8.85)		1 304(5.35)		870(3.57)		4 330(17.77)
城乡	城区	35 265	2 471(7.01)	11.56^**	2 504(7.10)	243.14^**	1 238(3.51)	5.04^*	6 213(17.62)	69.00^**
	旗县	94 556	7 151(7.56)		4 619(4.88)		3 082(3.26)		14 852(15.71)
民族	汉族	86 331	6 346(7.35)	4.79	5 060(5.86)	73.69^**	2 888(3.35)	0.46	14 294(16.56)	20.86^**
	蒙古族	36 371	2 777(7.64)		1 690(4.65)		1 204(3.31)		5 671(15.59)
	其他民族	7 119	499(7.01)		373(5.24)		228(3.20)		1 100(15.45)
BMI	正常体重	78 503	3 711(4.73)	2 513.96^**	3 829(4.88)	231.01^**	1 623(2.07)	1 378.39^**	9 163(11.67)	3 942.57^**
	消瘦	30	2(6.67)		1(3.33)		2(6.67)		5(16.67)
	超重	22 672	2 003(8.83)		1 215(5.36)		789(3.48)		4 007(17.67)
	肥胖	28 616	3 906(13.65)		2 078(7.26)		1 906(6.67)		7 890(27.57)
注：()内数字为检出率/%；^* P < 0.05，^** P < 0.01。

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表 2 内蒙古2024年中小学生不同类型血压偏高多因素分析(n=129 821)

Table 2. Multivariate analysis of different types of elevated blood pressure among primary and middle school students in Inner Mongolia in 2024(n=129 821)

自变量	选项	单纯收缩压偏高			单纯舒张压偏高			收缩压和舒张压均偏高
自变量	选项	Wald χ²值	P值	OR值(95%CI)	Wald χ²值	P值	OR值(95%CI)	Wald χ²值	P值	OR值(95%CI)
性别	女	39.61	< 0.01	1.15(1.10~1.20)	36.97	< 0.01	1.16(1.11~1.22)	193.12	< 0.01	1.55(1.46~1.65)
学段	初中	245.84	< 0.01	1.47(1.40~1.54)	4.15	0.04	0.94(0.90~0.98)	42.85	< 0.01	1.26(1.19~1.41)
	高中	311.95	< 0.01	1.69(1.59~1.79)	12.95	< 0.01	0.88(0.83~0.95)	35.57	< 0.01	1.29(1.19~1.41)
城乡	旗县	35.23	< 0.01	1.16(1.10~1.22)	222.88	< 0.01	0.68(0.64~0.71)	—	—	—
民族	蒙古族	—	—	—	53.14	< 0.01	0.81(0.77~0.86)	—	—	—
	其他民族	—	—	—	4.51	0.03	0.89(0.80~0.99)	—	—	—
BMI	消瘦	0.03	0.85	1.15(0.27~4.81)	0.25	0.62	0.60(0.08~4.42)	1.65	0.20	2.56(0.61~10.76)
	超重	550.04	< 0.01	1.97(1.86~2.09)	10.57	< 0.01	1.12(1.05~1.19)	167.14	< 0.01	1.77(1.62~1.93)
	肥胖	2 523.33	< 0.01	3.42(3.26~3.58)	235.81	< 0.01	1.55(1.47~1.64)	1 390.41	< 0.01	3.69(3.45~3.95)
注：性别以男生为参照，学段以小学为参照，城乡以城区为参照，民族以汉族为参照，BMI以正常体重为参照。

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