Exploration and reference of Finnish school meal services
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摘要: 为促进学校膳食服务的高质量发展及儿童青少年文明健康饮食习惯的形成，本研究探析了芬兰学校膳食服务情况。芬兰学校膳食服务不仅免费供餐、营养均衡、安全卫生，还承载寓教于餐的教育功能；为保障学校膳食服务系统优质、高效运转，芬兰构建了教育、财政、卫生和质检等部门横向协作的治理模式，分工明确、各司其职。中国可以借鉴芬兰学校的膳食服务经验，强化资金和法律保障，开发学校膳食服务的教育功能，充分运用互联网、物联网、大数据等信息技术手段，促进学校膳食服务的高质量发展。Abstract: To promote the high-quality development of school meal services, and to shape civilized and healthy eating habits for children and adolescents, the study analyzes Finnish school meal services. Finnish school meal services are not only free of charge, nutritionally balanced, safe and hygienic, but also carry the educational function of edutainment in meals. In order to ensure the high-quality and efficient operation of the school meal service system, Finland has built a horizontal collaborative governance model, that is, the departments of education, finance, health and quality inspection have a clear division of labor and respective responsibilities. China can learn from the experience of Finnish schools in meal services, strengthen financial and legal guarantees, develop the educational functions of school meal services, and make full use of information technology such as the Internet, the Internet of things, and big data to promote the high-quality development of school meal services.
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Key words:
- Dietary services /
- Health promotion /
- Finland /
- Child /
- Adolescent
1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。 -
表 1 芬兰学校膳食服务各部门职责和工作内容
Table 1. Responsibilities and work contents of Finnish school meal services in various departments
部门名称 职责 工作内容 教育与文化部 全面协调学校膳食服务工作 制定有关学校膳食服务的法规政策 教育局 开发学校膳食服务的教育功能 制定幼儿教育和保育、学前教育、基础教育阶段的国家核心课程; 开发与学校膳食服务相关的教学内容和教学方法 农林部 制定食品政策 供给符合可持续饮食理念的健康食品 食品管理局 保障食品安全和质量 管理Oiva系统; 颁发卫生护照 国家营养委员会 制定学校膳食服务的营养标准 颁布《国家学校膳食指南》 社会事务与卫生部 保障学校膳食服务的卫生 制定公共卫生标准; 定期监测学校膳食服务的卫生情况 卫生与福利研究所 监测食品的营养成分 维护和更新国家食品成分数据库 财政部 保障学校膳食服务的配套经费 编制财政预算，将国家转移支付划拨给市镇当局 统计局 对学校膳食服务实施成本管控 收集、汇编各项统计数据，为学校膳食服务的可持续发展提供参考 市镇当局 为辖区内的学校膳食服务提供充足的社会资源 保障供餐食品的采购、制作和运输; 确保通过招标采购的食品和食品服务符合质量规定 
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