中国儿童青少年心理健康政策变迁与发展

郭晓婷; 杨娟; 党佳佳; 李佳欣; 蔡珊; 黄天彧; 孙子曰; 张依航; 杨若澜; 宋逸

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025227

中国儿童青少年心理健康政策变迁与发展

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025227

1.
北京大学公共卫生学院/北京大学儿童青少年卫生研究所，北京 100191
2.
雄安新区公共卫生服务中心

基金项目:

科技部重点研发课题项目 2024YFC2707901

详细信息

作者简介:
郭晓婷(2003-)，女，福建莆田人，在读本科，主要研究方向为儿童青少年心理健康

通讯作者:
宋逸，E-mail: songyi@bjmu.edu.cn

杨娟，E-mail: yimiao10@163.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R179 G444 C829.21
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-05-06
- 修回日期: 2025-05-28
- 网络出版日期: 2025-10-10
- 刊出日期: 2025-09-25

Evolution and development of mental health policies for children and adolescents in China

1.
School of Public Health/Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China

摘要

摘要: 目的系统梳理1992—2030年《中国儿童发展纲要》中心理健康政策的发展与变化，为今后中国儿童青少年心理健康政策的制定提供参考依据。方法基于1992—2030年4个时期的《中国儿童发展纲要》，采用词频分析呈现各时期政策关注焦点的演变，并利用国际青少年健康政策分析框架进行文本分析。结果词频分析显示，“心理”一词频次从《中国儿童发展纲要(2001—2010)》的6次增至《中国儿童发展纲要(2021—2030)》(简称“2021纲要”)的20次，“健康”一词的频次从《九十年代中国儿童发展规划纲要》的4次增至2021纲要的68次，心理健康政策干预范围也扩展至健康、安全、教育、福利和法律保护五大领域。文本分析显示，《中国儿童发展纲要》政策特征显著，以需求为导向，关注弱势群体，不断扩展覆盖范围，纲要强调政策的可持续性与适当性，重视监测与评估。截至2023年，小学和中学配备专职心理健康教育教师的比例分别达42.3%和64.8%。但《中国儿童发展纲要》缺少儿童青少年参与心理健康政策制定的直接证据，分年龄、性别的心理健康监测数据公开性有限。结论中国儿童青少年心理健康政策经历了从无到有、从起步到深化的转变，但儿童青少年直接参与政策制定与评估的制度化渠道仍显不足，分年龄、性别的心理健康数据公开性有限。
- 精神卫生 /
- 卫生政策 /
- 儿童 /
- 青少年
Abstract: Objective To systematically review the development and changes in mental health policies within the National Outline for Children's Development in China from 1992 to 2030, providing a reference basis for future formulation of mental health policies among children and adolescent in China. Methods Based on the four editions of the National Outline for Children's Development in China across different periods from 1992 to 2030, word frequency analysis was used to reveal shifts in policy priorities, and an internationally recognized framework for adolescent health policy analysis was applied to conduct a textual review. Results Word frequency analysis revealed that the term "psychological" appeared 6 times in the National Outline for Children's Development in China (2001-2010) but increased to 20 times in the National Outline for Children's Development in China (2021-2030) (abbreviated as the National Outline of 2021), while the term "health" rose from 4 times in the National Outline for Children's Development Plan in China in the 1990s to 68 times in the National Outline of 2021. The scope of mental health policy interventions expanded to encompass five key areas: health, safety, education, welfare and legal protection. Textual analysis highlighted that the policies of the National Outline for Children's Development in China were demand-driven, prioritized vulnerable groups and continuously broadened their coverage, emphasizing sustainability and appropriateness, and monitoring/evaluation mechanisms. By 2023, 42.3% of primary schools and 64.8% of secondary schools employed full-time mental health education teachers. However, the National Outline for Children's Development in China lacked direct evidence of children and adolescents participation in policy formulation, and publicly available mental health data disaggregated by age and gender remained limited. Conclusion Mental health policies of children and adolescents in China have evolved from nonexistence to gradual refinement, yet institutionalized channels for youth involvement in policy development and evaluation remain insufficient, and transparency in age- and gender-specific mental health data needs improvement.
- Mental health /
- Health policy /
- Child /
- Adolescent
注释:

1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。

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图 1 《中国儿童发展纲要》心理健康政策分析

Figure 1. Analysis of mental health policies in the National Outline for Children's Development in China

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