中学生睡眠质量与执行功能的关联

于秀敏; 陈福乐; 颜景飞; 尹小俭; 吴慧攀; 王毅; 郭亚茹; 徐鼎坤

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025182

中学生睡眠质量与执行功能的关联

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025182

于秀敏¹,
陈福乐²,
颜景飞^3, ,,
尹小俭^{4, 5},
吴慧攀⁶,
王毅⁷,
郭亚茹⁵,
徐鼎坤⁸

1.
上海应用技术大学经济管理学院，上海 201418
2.
广西职业师范学院体育教学部
3.
上海应用技术大学体育教育部
4.
华东理工大学体育科学与工程学院
5.
华东师范大学体育与健康学院
6.
太原工业学院儿童青少年健康促进研究中心
7.
中北大学体育学院
8.
山西大学体育学院

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金资助项目 82373595

详细信息

作者简介:
于秀敏(1998-)，女，山东德州人，硕士，主要研究方向为学生体质健康技术创新管理

通讯作者:
颜景飞，E-mail: yanjingfei0303@126.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R179 Q428 Q427
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-02-07
- 修回日期: 2025-03-10
- 网络出版日期: 2025-07-04
- 刊出日期: 2025-06-25

Association between sleep quality and executive functions among middle school students

YU Xiumin¹,
CHEN Fule²,
YAN Jingfei^{3
, ,},
YIN Xiaojian^{4, 5},
WU Huipan⁶,
WANG Yi⁷,
GUO Yaru⁵,
XU Dingkun⁸

1.
School of Economics Management, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai (201418), China

摘要

摘要: 目的探讨中学生睡眠质量与执行功能的关联，为促进青少年身心健康发展提供理论支持。方法 2023年9—12月，采用分层整群随机抽样法在上海、苏州、太原、婺源、兴义、乌鲁木齐共选取5 713名13~18岁初、高中学生，采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)进行睡眠质量调查，并对中学生进行执行功能测试(包括抑制功能、刷新功能和转换功能测试)。采用Spearman相关和线性回归分析中学生睡眠质量与执行功能的关联。结果男生PSQI总分为[4.0(2.0, 6.0)]分，女生为[5.0(3.0, 6.0)]分，差异有统计学意义(Z=-10.90，P＜0.01)。男生PSQI总分与执行功能的2-back反应时和转换功能均呈正相关(r值分别为0.04，0.04)；女生PSQI总分与2-back反应时呈负相关(r=-0.04)(P值均 < 0.05)。线性回归分析结果显示，控制心理健康、体力活动和营养状况等变量后，中学生PSQI总分与抑制功能和转换功能反应时均呈正相关[B值(95%CI)分别为1.28(0.21~2.34)，7.62(2.34~12.90)，P值均＜0.05]；中学生PSQI总分与2-back和1-back反应时的关联均无统计学意义[B值(95%CI)分别为-5.88(-16.14~4.37)，8.05(-3.39~19.50)，P值均＞0.05]。结论中学生的睡眠质量与执行功能的抑制功能和转换功能均存在正相关性。
- 睡眠 /
- 执行功能 /
- 回归分析 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To explore the relationship between sleep quality and executive function among middle school students, so as to provide theoretical support for the promotion of adolescents' physical and mental health development. Methods From September to December 2023, 5 713 junior and senior high school students aged 13 to 18 were selected by stratified cluster random sampling method from Shanghai, Suzhou, Taiyuan, Wuyuan, Xingyi, and Urumqi. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was used to conduct sleep quality survey. And conduct executive function was tested on middle school students, including inhibitory function, refresh function and conversion function tests. Spearman correlation and linear regression were used to analyze the relationship between sleep quality and executive function of middle school students. Results The total Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score of boys was [4.0(2.0, 6.0)] and that of girls was [5.0(3.0, 6.0)], and the difference was statistically significant (Z=-10.90, P < 0.01). The total PSQI score of boys was positively correlated with both 2-back reaction time and conversion function of executive function (r=0.04, 0.04); the total PSQI score of girls was negatively correlated with 2-back reaction time (r=-0.04) (P < 0.05). After controlling for variables such as mental health, physical activity and nutritional status, linear regression analyses showed that PSQI total score of middle school students was positively correlated with the inhibitory function and the conversion function response time [B(95%CI)=1.28(0.21-2.34), 7.62(2.34-12.90), P < 0.05]; the associations of total PSQI scores among middle school students with both 2-back and 1-back response time were not statistically significant [B(95%CI)=-5.88(-16.14-4.37), 8.05(-3.39-19.50), P>0.05]. Conclusion Positive correlations are observed on sleep quality with inhibitory and conversion functions of executive function among middle school students.
- Sleep /
- Executive function /
- Regression analysis /
- Students
注释:

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表 1 各年龄组不同性别中学生执行功能反应时比较[M(P₂₅, P₇₅)，ms]

Table 1. Comparison of executive functioning response times for middle school students of different sexes in all age groups[M(P₂₅, P₇₅), ms]

年龄/岁	性别	人数	统计值	抑制功能	1-back	2-back	转换功能
13	男	634		2.48(-13.09, 19.63)	774.74(633.30, 965.68)	1 043.86(654.12, 1 267.98)	296.32(155.52, 388.02)
	女	631		4.27(-10.54, 22.35)	820.28(644.56, 1 011.44)	1 108.40(738.56, 1 327.84)	330.63(208.30, 439.11)
			Z值	-1.21	-2.05	-2.16	-4.37
			P值	0.23	0.04	0.03	＜0.01
14	男	710		3.76(-13.44, 21.76)	782.22(613.82, 992.12)	1 028.44(677.92, 1 275.42)	288.95(176.81, 376.54)
	女	652		1.79(-15.49, 19.65)	773.54(617.42, 1 002.86)	1 096.58(816.14, 1 351.06)	327.04(221.71, 422.45)
			Z值	-1.68	-0.08	-3.03	-5.14
			P值	0.09	0.94	＜0.01	＜0.01
15	男	394		5.23(-14.74, 23.22)	811.64(661.18, 1 105.05)	1 049.86(821.17, 1 285.44)	284.13(188.64, 395.83)
	女	358		3.14(-18.10, 19.85)	803.28(660.83, 1 130.96)	1 071.94(827.61, 1 357.88)	312.23(209.78, 407.16)
			Z值	-1.01	-0.12	-1.26	-1.68
			P值	0.31	0.91	0.21	0.09
16	男	387		3.81(-7.54, 18.75)	788.60(685.52, 1 009.56)	1 132.72(951.60, 1 330.60)	298.22(232.31, 384.44)
	女	414		4.65(-10.43, 18.34)	773.44(681.81, 936.30)	1 134.36(964.23, 1 322.20)	337.59(272.11, 423.08)
			Z值	-0.58	-1.58	-0.28	-5.08
			P值	0.56	0.11	0.78	＜0.01
17	男	465		5.63(-8.26, 18.78)	788.80(673.84, 1 001.34)	1 102.04(894.24, 1 299.42)	297.98(232.40, 374.17)
	女	443		4.46(-8.96, 17.42)	768.36(674.64, 953.44)	1 111.24(936.00, 1 300.88)	327.59(253.89, 411.36)
			Z值	-0.88	-0.18	-0.80	-3.74
			P值	0.38	0.86	0.43	＜0.01
18	男	318		7.22(-7.09, 20.92)	752.36(664.08, 910.94)	1 108.44(927.69, 1 312.65)	305.52(242.73, 369.18)
	女	307		4.13(-10.79, 18.98)	777.56(683.60, 929.08)	1 122.36(905.68, 1 328.80)	335.41(270.52, 428.63)
			Z值	-1.58	-1.34	-0.50	-3.89
			P值	0.12	0.18	0.62	＜0.01
合计	男	2 908		4.50(-10.71, 20.13)	784.60(652.62, 994.33)	1 074.68(834.98, 1 294.08)	295.18(205.38, 380.80)
	女	2 805		3.56(-12.27, 19.56)	787.36(663.94, 983.68)	1 109.92(875.28, 1 329.72)	328.38(239.72, 421.47)
			Z值	-1.73	-0.77	-3.58	-9.71
			P值	0.08	0.44	＜0.01	＜0.01

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表 2 中学生睡眠质量与执行功能线性回归分析[B值(95%CI)，n=5 713]

Table 2. Linear regression analysis of sleep quality and executive function among middle school students[B(95%CI), n=5 713]

自变量	抑制功能	1-back	2-back	转换功能
睡眠质量	-2.29(-4.40~-0.17)^*	1.87(-18.54~22.29)	-23.14(-45.93~-0.36)^*	-15.30(-25.81~-4.78)^**
入睡时间	-1.15(-2.69~0.40)	3.73(-11.19~18.65)	-24.33(-40.99~-7.68)^**	-11.09(-18.78~-3.41)^**
睡眠时间	-0.70(-2.53~1.13)	-1.01(-18.70~16.68)	38.61(18.87~58.36)^**	14.07(4.96~23.18)^**
睡眠效率	-2.14(-19.46~15.19)	115.23(-52.18~282.64)	86.99(-99.86~273.85)	57.61(-28.62~143.85)
睡眠障碍	-1.62(-3.78~0.55)	17.40(-3.53~38.33)	6.86(-16.51~30.22)	-14.42(-25.21~-3.64)^**
催眠药物	-2.55(-5.24~0.15)	8.99(-17.08~35.07)	-25.07(-54.17~4.03)	-12.59(-26.02~0.84)
PSQI总分	1.28(0.21~2.34)^*	-5.88(-16.14~4.37)	8.05(-3.39~19.50)	7.62(2.34~12.90)^**
注：控制变量为营养状况、体力活动和心理健康；^P＜0.05，^*P＜0.01。

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