中学生睡眠质量与心理健康的关联

吴慧攀; 刘媛; 尹小俭; 王进贤; 王毅; 郭亚茹; 徐鼎坤

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025173

中学生睡眠质量与心理健康的关联

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025173

吴慧攀^{1, 2},
刘媛^3, ,,
尹小俭^{4, 5},
王进贤²,
王毅²,
郭亚茹⁵,
徐鼎坤⁶

1.
太原工业学院儿童青少年健康促进研究中心，山西 030008
2.
中北大学体育学院
3.
上海大学体育学院
4.
华东理工大学体育科学与工程学院
5.
华东师范大学体育与健康学院
6.
山西大学体育学院

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金资助项目 82373595

详细信息

作者简介:
吴慧攀(1983-)，男，山西长治人，博士，副教授，主要研究方向为青少年健康促进

通讯作者:
刘媛，E-mail: yliu0809@163.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R179 Q428 B844.2
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-02-07
- 修回日期: 2025-04-21
- 网络出版日期: 2025-07-04
- 刊出日期: 2025-06-25

Association between sleep quality and mental health among middle school students

WU Huipan^{1, 2},
LIU Yuan^{3
, ,},
YIN Xiaojian^{4, 5},
WANG Jinxian²,
WANG Yi²,
GUO Yaru⁵,
XU Dingkun⁶

1.
Research Center for Health Promotion of Children and Adolescents, Taiyuan Institute of Technology, Taiyuan (030008), Shanxi Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的探讨中学生睡眠质量与心理健康之间的关系，为改善青少年心理健康提供科学依据。方法 2023年9—12月，采用分层整群随机抽样方法在上海、苏州、太原、婺源、兴义、乌鲁木齐抽取5 713名13~18岁中学生，采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)和中学生心理健康评定简明问卷对其进行睡眠质量和心理健康调查。采用Spearman相关分析和线性回归分析方法探讨中学生睡眠质量与心理健康各维度之间的关系。结果不同年龄组中学生PSQI总分差异有统计学意义(H=226.49，P＜0.01)；不同年龄组中学生心理健康得分差异无统计学意义(H=5.37，P>0.05)。在性别方面，女生PSQI总分[5.00(3.00，6.00)分]高于男生[4.00(2.00，6.00)分]，男生心理健康得分[85.00(75.00，90.00)分]高于女生[83.00(70.00，89.00)分]，差异均有统计学意义(Z值分别为-10.90，-8.16，P值均 < 0.01)。Spearman相关分析结果显示，中学生的PSQI总分与心理健康得分呈负相关(r=-0.51，P < 0.05)。线性回归分析显示，控制最大摄氧量、体力活动和营养状况等变量后，中学生PSQI总分与心理健康得分呈负相关(B=-3.76，95%CI=-4.15~-3.38，P < 0.01)。结论中学生的PSQI与心理健康得分存在负相关关系，提升中学生睡眠质量可能有助于促进其心理健康。
- 睡眠 /
- 精神卫生 /
- 回归分析 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To explore the relationship between sleep quality and mental health among middle school students, so as to provide scientific basis for improving mental health among adolescents. Methods From September to December 2023, a stratified cluster random sampling method was employed to select 5 713 middle school students aged 13-18 from Shanghai, Suzhou, Taiyuan, Wuyuan, Xingyi, and Urumqi. Sleep quality and mental health were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Brief Adolescent Mental Health Assessment Questionnaire. Spearman correlation analysis and linear regression analysis were used to explore the relationship between sleep quality and various dimensions of mental health among middle school students. Results There was a statistically significant difference in the total PSQI score among middle school students of different age groups (H=226.49, P < 0.01), and there was no statistically significant difference in the psychological health scores of middle school students in different age groups (H=5.37, P>0.05). In terms of gender, the total PSQI score for girls [5.00 (3.00, 6.00)] was higher than that for boys [4.00 (2.00, 6.00)]; additionally, boys had higher mental health scores [85.00 (75.00, 90.00)] than females [83.00 (70.00, 89.00)], with statistically significant differences (Z=-10.90, -8.16, P < 0.01). Spearman correlation analysis revealed a negative correlation between total PSQI scores and mental health scores (r=-0.51, P < 0.05) among middle school students. After controlling for variables such as maximum oxygen uptake, physical activity and nutritional status, linear regression analysis further confirmed that higher PSQI scores were associated with lower mental health scores (B=-3.76, 95%CI=-4.15 to -3.38, P < 0.01). Conclusion There is a negative correlation between PSQI scores and mental health scores among middle school students, indicating that improving sleep quality may contribute to better mental health among middle school students.
- Sleep /
- Mental health /
- Regression analysis /
- Students
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表 1 不同组别中学生睡眠质量与心理健康得分比较[M(P₂₅, P₇₅)]

Table 1. Comparison of scores for sleep quality and mental health among middle school student in different groups[M(P₂₅, P₇₅)]

组别	选项	人数	统计值	PSQI总分	心理健康得分
年龄/岁	13	1 265		4.00(2.00，5.00)	85.00(74.00，90.00)
	14	1 362		4.00(2.00，6.00)	84.00(71.00，90.00)
	15	752		4.00(3.00，6.00)	84.00(71.00，90.00)
	16	801		5.00(3.00，6.00)	84.00(74.00，89.00)
	17	908		5.00(3.00，7.00)	85.00(73.00，90.00)
	18	625		5.00(3.00，7.00)	85.00(75.00，90.00)
			H值	226.49	5.37
			P值	＜0.01	0.37
性别	男	2 908		4.00(2.00，6.00)	85.00(75.00，90.00)
	女	2 805		5.00(3.00，6.00)	83.00(70.00，89.00)
			Z值	-10.90	-8.16
			P值	＜0.01	＜0.01

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表 2 中学生睡眠质量与心理健康相关性分析(r值，n=5 713)

Table 2. Analysis of the correlation between sleep quality and mental health in middle school students(r, n=5 713)

变量	睡眠质量	入睡时间	睡眠时间	睡眠效率	睡眠障碍	催眠药物	PSQI总分	情绪问题	品行问题	社会适应困难
入睡时间	0.40^**
睡眠时间	0.13^**	0.05^**
睡眠效率	0.07^**	0.09^**	0.09^**
睡眠障碍	0.39^**	0.35^**	0.07^**	0.03
催眠药物	0.02	0.10^**	0.04^**	0.02	0.15^**
PSQI总分	0.71^**	0.64^**	0.40^**	0.09^**	0.62^**	0.21^**
情绪问题	-0.35^**	-0.28^**	-0.10^**	-0.03^*	-0.39^**	-0.13^**	-0.50^**
品行问题	-0.25^**	-0.25^**	-0.03^*	-0.05^**	-0.30^**	-0.13^**	-0.36^**	0.63^**
社会适应困难	-0.32^**	-0.28^**	-0.06^**	-0.04^**	-0.33^**	-0.11^**	-0.43^**	0.69^**	0.60^**
心理健康得分	-0.36^**	-0.31^**	-0.08^**	-0.04^**	-0.40^**	-0.13^**	-0.51^**	0.93^**	0.76^**	0.86^**
注：^P＜0.05，^*P＜0.01。

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表 3 中学生睡眠质量与心理健康线性回归分析[B值(95%CI)，n=5 713]

Table 3. Linear regression analysis of sleep quality and mental health in middle school students[B(95%CI), n=5 713]

自变量	情绪问题	品行问题	社会适应困难	心理健康得分
睡眠质量	0.80(0.39~1.22)^**	0.27(0.04~0.50)^**	0.21(-0.05~0.48)	1.29(0.51~2.07)^**
入睡时间	1.16(0.86~1.47)^**	0.15(-0.02~0.32)^*	0.35(0.16~0.55)^**	1.67(1.10~2.24)^**
睡眠时间	1.89(1.54~2.25)^**	0.87(0.67~1.06)^**	1.05(0.82~1.28)^**	3.81(3.13~4.48)^**
睡眠效率	3.14(-0.26~6.53)^*	-0.49(-2.38~1.40)	0.10(-2.09~2.29)	2.75(-3.64~9.13)
睡眠障碍	-0.10(-0.53~0.32)	-0.31(-0.55~-0.07)^**	-0.10(-0.38~0.17)	-0.51(-1.31~0.29)
催眠药物	0.08(-0.45~0.61)	-0.42(-0.72~-0.13)^**	0.26(-0.08~0.61)	-0.08(-1.07~0.92)
PSQI总分	-2.07(-2.27~-1.86)^**	-0.67(-0.78~-0.55)^**	-1.03(-1.16~-0.90)^**	-3.76(-4.15~-3.38)^**
注：^P＜0.05，^*P＜0.01。

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