山东省2015—2024年师生首剂流感疫苗接种率趋势分析

栾桂杰; 刘尧; 刘少楠; 孙辉峰; 张伟燕; 孙靓

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025154

山东省2015—2024年师生首剂流感疫苗接种率趋势分析

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025154

栾桂杰^{1, 2},
刘尧¹,
刘少楠¹,
孙辉峰¹,
张伟燕¹,
孙靓^1, ,

1.
山东省疾病预防控制中心免疫预防管理所，济南 250014
2.
艾美诚信生物制药有限公司博士后工作站

基金项目:

中华预防医学会疫苗与免疫青年人才托举项目 CPMAQT_YM0314

山东省疾病预防控制中心青年创新基金项目 QC-202301

详细信息

作者简介:
栾桂杰(1987-)，男，山东招远人，博士，主管医师，主要从事免疫规划工作

通讯作者:
孙靓，E-mail: sunliang1669@163.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: G478 R181.3⁺² R511.7
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-03-04
- 修回日期: 2025-03-18
- 网络出版日期: 2025-06-07
- 刊出日期: 2025-05-25

Trends analysis of first-dose influenza vaccination coverages among teachers and students in Shandong Province, 2015-2024

1.
Institute for Immunization Management, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan (250014), Shandong Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的分析教师和学生流感疫苗接种的机构和地区差异，为校园的流感防控提供参考。方法通过山东省预防接种信息系统收集2015—2024年山东省教师和学生群体中流感疫苗的接种数据，利用Joinpoint回归模型分析接种率年度变化百分比(APC)和平均年度变化百分比(AAPC)。结果 2015—2024年山东省教师首剂流感疫苗接种率分别为0.01%，0.02%，0.15%，0.29%，0.60%，2.06%，1.64%，2.27%，3.00%，2.43%，接种率转折点为2020年；托幼机构、中小学、高等学校教师2015—2020年APC分别为163.36%，162.09%，174.94%(P值均 < 0.01)，2020—2024年APC分别为9.53%，9.92%，8.14%(P值均>0.05)，AAPC分别为78.32%，78.13%，81.61%(P值均 < 0.01)；高、中、低国内生产总值(GDP)地区2015—2020年APC分别为173.84%，162.75%，136.67%(P值均 < 0.01)，2020—2024年APC分别为5.77%，13.92%，11.86%(P值均>0.05)，AAPC分别为79.42%，81.23%，69.63%(P值均 < 0.01)。学生首剂流感疫苗接种率为1.59%~7.20%；托幼机构学生无转折点，2015—2024年AAPC为18.73%(P < 0.01)；小学和中学学生转折点为2018和2022年，2015—2018，2018—2022，2022—2024年APC分别为-32.59%(P < 0.01)，48.45%(P < 0.01)，-26.25%(P=0.04)，AAPC为-2.32%(P=0.45)；高等学校学生转折点为2020，2015—2020，2020—2024年APC分别为63.27%(P < 0.01)，4.31%(P=0.77)，2015—2024年接种率AAPC为33.79%(P < 0.01)；高、中、低GDP地区学生均无转折点，AAPC分别为10.46%(P=0.18)，13.67%(P=0.01)，10.42%(P=0.05)。结论 2015—2024年山东省教师和学生流感疫苗接种率呈上升趋势，但整体水平仍然较低。需继续加强流感疾病和疫苗相关知识健康教育，进一步提升师生疫苗接种率。
- 流感疫苗 /
- 接种 /
- 回归分析 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To analyze the institutional and regional differences in influenza vaccination for teachers and students, so as to provide a basis for influenza prevention and control in campus. Methods Influenza vaccination data for teachers and students in Shandong Province from 2015 to 2024 were collected from Immunization Information Systems. Joinpoint regression models were used to calculate the annual percent change (APC) and average annual percent change (AAPC) in first-dose vaccination rates. Results The vaccination coverages for the first dose of influenza vaccine among teachers in Shandong Province from 2015 to 2024 were 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.15%, 0.29%, 0.60%, 2.06%, 1.64%, 2.27%, 3.00%, and 2.43%, with a turning point in 2020. For preschools, primary/secondary schools, and higher education institutions, APCs during 2015-2020 were 163.36%, 162.09%, and 174.94%, respectively(P < 0.01), declining to 9.53%, 9.92%, and 8.14% during 2020-2024(P>0.05). Corresponding AAPCs were 78.32%, 78.13%, and 81.61%(P < 0.01). High, middle, and low GDP regions exhibited APCs of 173.84%, 162.75%, and 136.67% during 2015-2020(P < 0.01) and 5.77%, 13.92%, and 11.86% during 2020-2024(P>0.05), with AAPCs of 79.42%, 81.23%, and 69.63%(P < 0.01), respectively. Among students, vaccination coverage ranged from 1.59% to 7.20%. Preschool students showed no turning points, with an AAPC of 18.73%(P < 0.01). Primary/secondary students had turning points in 2018 and 2022, APCs were -32.59% during 2015-2018(P < 0.01), 48.45% during 2018-2022(P < 0.01), and -26.25% during 2022-2024(P=0.04), yielding an AAPC of -2.32%(P=0.45). Higher education students had a turning point in 2020, with APCs of 63.27% during 2015-2020(P < 0.01) and 4.31% during 2020-2024 (P=0.77), and the AAPC was 33.79% during 2015-2024 (P < 0.01). High, middle, and low GDP regions for students showed no turning points, with AAPCs of 10.46%(P=0.18), 13.67%(P=0.01), and 10.42%(P=0.05), respectively. Conclusions The influenza vaccination rate among teachers and students in Shandong Province has shown an upward trend from 2015 to 2024, but the overall level is still relatively low. However, continued efforts are needed to enhance health education on influenza and vaccination, to further improve the vaccination rate of teachers and students.
- Influenza vaccines /
- Vaccination /
- Regression analysis /
- Students
注释:

1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。

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图 1 山东省2015—2024年不同机构教师流感疫苗接种率Joinpoint回归分析

Figure 1. Joinpoint regression analysis of the vaccination rate of influenza vaccines among teachers in different institutions in Shandong Province from 2015 to 2024

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 山东省2015—2024年不同机构学生流感疫苗接种率Joinpoint回归分析

Figure 2. Joinpoint regression analysis of the vaccination rate of influenza vaccines among students in different institutions in Shandong Province from 2015 to 2024

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 山东省2015—2024年不同地区教师流感疫苗接种率Joinpoint回归分析

Figure 3. Joinpoint regression analysis of the vaccination rate of influenza vaccines among teachers by regions in Shandong Province from 2015 to 2024

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 山东省2015—2024年不同地区学生流感疫苗接种率Joinpoint回归分析

Figure 4. Joinpoint regression analysis of the vaccination rate of influenza vaccines among students by regions in Shandong Province from 2015 to 2024

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 山东省2015—2024年教师流感疫苗接种人数和接种率

Table 1. The number and vaccination rate of influenza vaccines for teachers in Shandong Province from 2015 to 2024

年份	学段			地区			总体
年份	托幼机构	中小学	高校	高GDP	中GDP	低GDP	总体
2015	4(0.01)	25(0.01)	3(0.01)	17(0.01)	7(0.01)	8(0.01)	32(0.01)
2016	35(0.02)	177(0.02)	24(0.02)	142(0.03)	51(0.01)	43(0.02)	236(0.02)
2017	263(0.15)	1 284(0.15)	186(0.15)	766(0.18)	578(0.12)	389(0.14)	1 733(0.15)
2018	556(0.29)	2 569(0.29)	360(0.29)	1 259(0.28)	1 335(0.28)	890(0.32)	3 484(0.29)
2019	1 326(0.60)	5 450(0.59)	806(0.61)	2 992(0.64)	2 684(0.53)	1 906(0.63)	7 582(0.60)
2020	5 198(2.16)	19 790(2.07)	3 232(2.32)	12 190(2.52)	10 018(1.89)	6 012(1.70)	28 220(2.06)
2021	4 445(1.65)	15 891(1.60)	2 649(1.83)	9 492(1.90)	8 577(1.51)	4 826(1.48)	22 895(1.64)
2022	6 314(2.24)	22 284(2.22)	3 651(2.43)	12 846(2.53)	12 794(2.21)	6 609(1.99)	32 249(2.27)
2023	7 594(2.97)	29 757(2.92)	5 265(3.22)	16 656(3.21)	17 163(2.99)	8 797(2.70)	42 616(3.00)
2024	5 648(2.45)	24 907(2.41)	4 309(2.52)	12 749(2.45)	14 567(2.54)	7 548(2.21)	34 864(2.43)
注：()内数字为接种率/%。

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 山东省2015—2024年学生流感疫苗接种数和接种率

Table 2. The number and vaccination rate of influenza vaccines for students in Shandong Province from 2015 to 2024

年份	学段			地区			总体
年份	托幼机构	中小学	高校	高GDP	中GDP	低GDP	总体
2015	10 145(0.37)	532 099(4.29)	2 228(0.10)	174 570(2.95)	225 781(3.14)	144 121(3.68)	544 472(3.20)
2016	52 805(5.24)	307 731(2.45)	1 343(0.06)	105 671(1.95)	166 265(2.52)	89 943(1.71)	361 879(2.09)
2017	199 425(7.19)	266 475(2.08)	4 543(0.19)	133 702(2.19)	227 594(3.04)	109 147(2.72)	470 443(2.67)
2018	149 268(4.85)	136 025(1.04)	4 606(0.18)	77 276(1.23)	136 669(1.72)	75 954(1.89)	289 899(1.59)
2019	281 364(8.32)	248 067(1.85)	8 294(0.32)	165 969(2.54)	249 507(3.06)	122 249(2.87)	537 725(2.84)
2020	395 386(10.38)	510 698(3.73)	23 384(0.79)	315 943(4.52)	427 139(5.02)	186 286(4.33)	929 368(4.69)
2021	327 011(8.40)	341 142(2.42)	13 753(0.48)	236 783(3.35)	303 334(3.47)	141 789(3.07)	681 906(3.34)
2022	582 182(14.98)	887 725(6.18)	25 211(0.80)	414 620(5.63)	757 814(8.56)	322 684(7.07)	1 495 118(7.20)
2023	575 606(18.73)	802 171(5.35)	33 496(1.04)	434 559(5.78)	677 197(7.76)	299 517(6.66)	1 411 273(6.81)
2024	338 662(14.38)	443 782(2.90)	18 927(0.56)	239 317(3.21)	395 979(4.63)	166 075(3.30)	801 371(3.81)
注：()内数字为接种率/%。

下载: 导出CSV

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