中国高中生健康素养评价量表的初步编制

郭世豪; 朱璠; 朱桂因; 祁甜甜; 杨爽; 胡滨; 吴慧云; 姜贺; 马迎华

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025145

中国高中生健康素养评价量表的初步编制

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025145

1.
北京大学公共卫生学院儿童青少年卫生研究所，北京 100191
2.
人民教育出版社体育与健康编辑室

基金项目:

中国教育学会教育科研重点规划课题项目 202416305735A

详细信息

作者简介:
郭世豪(2000-)，男，河南周口人，在读硕士，主要研究方向为儿童青少年生长发育及其影响因素

通讯作者:
马迎华，E-mail: yinghuama@bjmu.edu.cn

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R179 G479 R195
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-12-02
- 修回日期: 2025-04-08
- 网络出版日期: 2025-06-07
- 刊出日期: 2025-05-25

Preliminary development of Health Literacy Evaluation Scale for Chinese High School Students

1.
Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health of Peking University, Beijing (100191), China

摘要

摘要: 目的编制中国高中生健康素养评价量表，为开展高中生健康素养动态监测、健康学校建设效果评价提供工具。方法通过理论研究，构建中国高中生健康素养评价指标体系。通过2轮德尔菲专家咨询定量筛选条目，根据专家意见修订条目池，并编制中国高中生健康素养评价量表。通过2次专题小组访谈，收集健康教育专家、高中教师及高中生对量表题量、题型、难度、语言表述等的建议，据此修订量表。于2024年11月在北京市和天津市开展预调查，基于预调查数据评价量表的信度与效度。结果 2轮德尔菲专家咨询的专家积极性均>80%，专家权威系数均>0.70，专家意见集中程度较高，专家意见分散程度较小，根据专家意见修订后的条目池包含39个条目。根据专题小组访谈收集的意见和建议修订后的量表题量、难度适中。预调查获得800份有效答卷，问卷有效率为89.39%。量表的Cronbach α系数为0.911，χ²值与自由度比值(χ²/df)为3.321，渐近残差均方和平方根为0.054，调整适配度指数为0.991，部分条目的因子负荷小于0.40。结论初步编制出兼具科学性与适用性的中国高中生健康素养评价量表，量表内部一致性良好，结构效度尚可。
- 健康教育 /
- 问卷调查 /
- 德尔菲技术 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To develop a health literacy evaluation scale for Chinese high school students, providing a tool for dynamic monitoring of health literacy among high school students and evaluating the effectiveness of health school construction. Methods Through theoretical research, an evaluation index system for health literacy of Chinese high school students was constructed. Two rounds of Delphi expert consultations were conducted to quantitatively screen the items, and the item pool was revised based on expert opinions to compile the health literacy evaluation scale for Chinese students. Two focus group interviews were held to collect suggestions from health educators, high school teachers, and high school students regarding optimized scale length, question types, difficulty and wording of the scale. The scale was revised accordingly. A pilot survey was conducted in Beijing and Tianjin in November 2024, and the reliability and validity of the scale were evaluated based on the pilot survey data. Results The response rate in both rounds of Delphi expert consultations was over 80%, and the expert authority coefficient was over 0.70. The expert opinions were highly concentrated, and the dispersion was small. The revised item pool based on expert opinions contained 39 items. The revised scale based on the suggestions and opinions collected from the focus group interviews had a moderate number of questions and difficulty level. The pilot survey obtained 800 valid responses, with the response rate of 89.39%. The Cronbach α coefficient of the scale was 0.911, χ²/df=3.321, the root mean square error of approximation was 0.054, the adjusted goodness-of-fit index was 0.991, and the factor loadings of some items were less than 0.40. Conclusion The health literacy evaluation scale for Chinese high school students demonstrates scientific rigor and practical applicability, with good internal consistency and structural validity.
- Health education /
- Questionnaires /
- Delphi technique /
- Students
注释:

1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。

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表 1 《量表2.0》各条目因子负荷(n=800)

Table 1. The factor loading of each item in Scale 2.0(n=800)

各因子条目内容	因子负荷
因子1
了解获取健康相关信息的可靠渠道	0.58
理解不良饮食习惯、缺乏运动、吸烟、饮酒等会增加高血压、糖尿病、高血脂等慢性非传染性疾病发生的可能性	0.53
了解高度近视引发的眼底病变及其预防措施	0.05
了解睡眠时间和质量对身心健康的影响	0.02
了解反式脂肪酸的危害及其食物来源	0.11
了解《14~17岁学龄儿童平衡膳食宝塔》的内容	0.05
了解食源性疾病的原因和预防措施	0.09
认同保持健康生活方式的重要性，树立“每个人都是自己健康第一责任人”的意识	0.62
能够通过睡前放松训练、营造良好睡眠环境等方法提高睡眠质量	0.47
自觉抵制吸烟行为	0.50
坚持科学、规律的体育锻炼	0.55
坚持合理作息，保证睡眠时间和质量	0.44
因子2
了解青春期不同阶段的生长发育特点	0.10
认同“体态以健康自然为美”	0.78
树立健康的异性交往观念	0.15
能够识别导致性骚扰和性侵害的危险因素	0.13
遇到性骚扰和性侵害时，采取适当的自我保护措施	0.17
因子3
了解竞争存在利弊两面性	0.57
能够客观认识自身的优势、劣势、兴趣、目标等	0.71
认同焦虑症和抑郁症患者需要接受药物治疗、心理治疗等	0.67
能够分析压力的来源并能正确应对压力	0.58
能够识别自身出现的焦虑、抑郁等不良情绪	0.64
能够有效地疏解焦虑、抑郁情绪，主动寻求帮助	0.71
遭遇校园欺凌和校园暴力时，及时寻求师长的帮助	0.71
正确应对失败和挫折	0.77
因子4
了解艾滋病病毒感染者与艾滋病患者的区别	0.03
树立接纳、平等对待传染病患者的意识	0.70
认同国家在传染病流行时采取的必要措施	0.68
能够识别可能感染性传播疾病的危险行为，提高防范能力	-0.03
主动关注公共卫生信息，提高关于疫情信息的识别能力	0.74
传染病发生时，采取正确措施做好个人防护	0.71
因子5
了解家庭药箱中的常用药品及其使用方法	0.10
了解药物误用、滥用对身体的危害	0.13
了解预防网络成瘾的方法	0.11
树立自觉主动报告突发应急事件的意识	0.67
能够在遇险时准确、有效地传递信息	0.76
能够根据现场情况判断触电的种类，在保证自身安全的情况下，对触电者进行科学、及时的急救处置	0.76
能够正确实施心肺复苏、正确使用自动体外除颤仪	0.68
在医生指导下正确使用抗生素，遵医嘱正确使用镇静催眠药和镇痛药等成瘾性药物	0.68
注：因子1为健康行为与生活方式，因子2为生长发育与青春期保健，因子3为心理健康，因子4为传染病预防与突发公共卫生事件应对，因子5为安全应急与避险。

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