新疆重点营养监测县中小学生维生素D和铁蛋白营养状况

乃吉麦·买买提艾力; 丹尼尔·阿不都外力; 邓希希; 艾依热提·买买提; 林勤; 夏荣香; 者炜

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025133

新疆重点营养监测县中小学生维生素D和铁蛋白营养状况

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025133

1.
新疆医科大学公共卫生学院，乌鲁木齐 830011
2.
新疆维吾尔自治区疾病预防控制中心健康所

基金项目:

“天山英才”医药卫生高层次人才项目 TSYC202401B095

详细信息

作者简介:
乃吉麦·买买提艾力(2000-)，女，新疆伊犁人，在读硕士，主要研究方向为学校卫生

通讯作者:
者炜，E-mail：zhewei1982@163.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R179 R153.2 R591.44
计量
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- PDF下载量: 3
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-02-04
- 修回日期: 2025-03-13
- 网络出版日期: 2025-06-07
- 刊出日期: 2025-05-25

Vitamin D and ferritin nutritional status among primary and secondary school students in the key nutrition monitoring counties of Xinjiang

1.
School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi (830011), Xinjiang Uygar Autonomous Region, China

摘要

摘要: 目的分析新疆重点营养监测县中小学生维生素D、铁蛋白营养状况及与体格指标的关系，为学生营养问题的早期预防和干预提供依据。方法于2023年11—12月，采用分层随机整群抽样的方法，选取新疆营养改善计划地区重点营养监测县1 071名6~18岁中小学生进行体格检查和生化检测。采用U检验和Kruskal-Wallis H检验比较不同组别中小学生体格指标及维生素D、铁蛋白水平，采用χ²检验比较不同组别中小学生维生素D、铁蛋白缺乏率，用Pearson相关分析中小学生维生素D、铁蛋白营养水平与体格指标的关系。结果新疆营养改善重点营养监测县中小学生维生素D水平为14.7(10.7, 19.0)ng/mL，缺乏率为30.8%，不足率为47.8%;铁蛋白水平为57.4(37.7, 83.9)μg/L，缺乏率为5.7%；男生、小学生、乡镇学生血清25(OH)D和铁蛋白水平分别高于女生、初中生及县城学生(U值分别为-11.35，-6.88，-4.52；-3.94，-9.17，-5.23，P值均 < 0.05)；女生、初中生及县城学生的维生素D缺乏率分别高于男生、小学生及乡镇学生(χ²值分别为97.52，49.01，21.89，P值均 < 0.05)。初中生铁蛋白缺乏率高于小学生，县城学生高于乡镇学生(χ²值分别为34.11，5.63，P值均 < 0.05)。不同维生素D、铁蛋白营养状况下的中小学生体质量指数、腰围指标间差异有统计学意义(U/H值分别为35.47，22.82；-4.19，-5.36，P值均 < 0.05)。相关性分析显示，维生素D水平和铁蛋白水平与年龄、体质量指数、腰围均呈负相关，与腰围身高比呈正相关(r值分别为-0.31，-0.19，-0.19，0.20；-0.32，-0.13，-0.21，0.08，P值均 < 0.05)。结论新疆重点营养监测县中小学生维生素D和铁蛋白水平与年龄、体质量指数、腰围及腰围身高比相关，且存在营养素缺乏问题。建议采取有效措施改善中小学生营养状况，提高学生身体素质。
- 维生素D /
- 铁蛋白质类 /
- 营养状况 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To analyze the relationship between vitamin D and ferritin nutritional status with physical indicators in primary and secondary school students in the key nutrition monitoring counties of Xinjiang, so as to provide reference for early prevention and intervention of students' nutrition issues. Methods From November to December 2023, 1 071 students aged 6-18 from key nutrition monitoring counties in the Xinjiang Nutrition Improvement Plan area were selected via stratified random sampling for physical and biochemical tests. The U test and Kruskal-Wallis H test were used to compare the differences in physical indicators and the distribution of vitamin D and ferritin levels. Chi-square test was used to compare the prevalence of vitamin D and ferritin deficiencies among different groups of primary and secondary school students. Pearson correlation was used to analyze the relationship between the nutritional levels of vitamin D and ferritin and physical indicators. Results The median vitamin D level was 14.7 (10.7, 19.0)ng/mL, with deficiency and insufficiency rates of 30.8% and 37.4% among primary and secondary school students in the key nutrition monitoring counties of Xinjiang Nutrition Improvement Plan area. Ferritin levels were 57.4 (37.7, 83.9)μg/L, with a deficiency rate of 5.7%. Males, primary school students, and rural residents had higher vitamin D and ferritin levels than females, secondary school students, and urban residents (U=-11.35, -6.88, -4.52; -3.94, -9.17, -5.23, P < 0.05). Vitamin D deficiency was more prevalent in females, secondary school students, and urban students (χ²=97.52, 49.01, 21.89, P < 0.05), while ferritin deficiency was higher in primary school students and urban areas (χ²=34.11, 5.63, P < 0.05). Significant differences in body mass index (BMI) and waist circumstance (WC) were observed across vitamin D/ferritin statuses (U/H=35.47, 22.82; -4.19, -5.36, P < 0.05). Vitamin D and ferritin levels negatively correlated with age, BMI, and WC but positively with waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) (r=-0.31, -0.19, -0.19, 0.20; -0.32, -0.13, -0.21, 0.08, P < 0.05). Conclusions Vitamin D and ferritin levels in primary and secondary school students in key nutritional monitoring counties in Xinjiang are correlated with age, BMI, WC and WHtR, and there are nutrient deficiencies. Targeted measures are recommended to improve nutritional status and physical health.
- Vitamin D /
- Ferritins /
- Nutritional status /
- Students
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表 1 不同组别中小学生BMI、WC、WHtR、维生素及铁蛋白水平指标比较[M(P₂₅, P₇₅)]

Table 1. Comparison of BMI, WC, WHtR, vitamin D and ferritin nutritional among different groups of primary and secondary school students[M(P₂₅, P₇₅)]

组别	选项	人数	统计值	BMI/(kg·m^-2)	WC/cm	WHtR/%	25(OH)D/(ng·mL^-1)	铁蛋白/(μg·L^-1)
性别	男	536		17.0(15.7, 19.2)	60.0(56.0, 66.0)	41.6(40.1, 43.6)	17.0(13.0, 20.7)	62.5(41.3, 86.5)
	女	535		17.3(15.5, 19.2)	58.5(54.0, 63.0)	40.5(39.0, 42.9)	12.7(9.0, 16.6)	53.2(34.3, 80.0)
			U值	-0.11	-3.85	-5.22	-11.35	-3.94
			P值	0.91	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01
学段	小学	717		16.4(15.2, 18.1)	57.0(53.0, 60.0)	41.5(39.6, 43.9)	15.5(12.1, 19.8)	65.0(44.4, 88.7)
	初中	354		18.7(17.2, 20.4)	65.3(61.2, 69.0)	40.6(39.1, 42.4)	12.9(9.0, 17.4)	43.2(26.8, 68.1)
			U值	-12.12	-18.68	-4.81	-6.88	-9.17
			P值	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01
学校所在地	乡镇	360		16.6(15.4, 18.3)	57.0(52.9, 60.0)	41.5(39.6, 44.5)	15.5(12.4, 20.2)	65.6(44.9, 93.5)
	县城	711		17.6(15.9, 19.7)	61.0(56.5, 66.1)	40.9(39.2, 42.8)	14.3(10.0, 18.4)	54.5(34.3, 79.6)
			U值	-4.90	-9.42	-2.91	-4.52	-5.23
			P值	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01
营养状况	营养不足	111		14.0(13.3, 15.1)	57.0(52.5, 60.5)	39.8(36.9, 42.1)	15.9(11.9, 20.6)	61.6(39.0, 81.3)
	正常	829		17.1(15.9, 18.8)	59.0(55.0, 64.0)	41.1(39.4, 42.7)	14.4(10.4, 18.7)	56.5(37.2, 83.9)
	超重	80		20.9(18.9, 22.6)	64.1(58.1, 69.9)	43.4(41.3, 48.8)	16.0(12.3, 19.7)	57.3(35.7, 79.7)
	肥胖	51		23.7(21.1, 26.6)	67.5(53.5, 80.0)	49.0(40.4, 54.9)	15.5(12.7, 19.1)	70.9(45.8, 94.9)
			H值	395.40	48.81	98.12	9.93	4.25
			P值	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.02	0.24
维生素D	缺乏	330		17.9(16.3, 19.7)	61.0(57.0, 65.2)	40.4(39.0, 41.9)
水平	不足	512		17.0(15.6, 19.2)	59.0(54.3, 65.0)	41.5(39.5, 43.8)
	充足	229		16.3(15.0, 18.2)	57.5(54.0, 62.5)	41.9(40.0, 45.1)
			H值	35.47	22.82	45.85
			P值	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01
铁蛋白	缺乏	61		18.8(17.3, 20.3)	65.4(61.0, 67.0)	41.2(39.6, 42.8)
水平	充足	1 010		17.1(15.5, 19.1)	58.9(54.5, 64.4)	41.2(39.3, 43.3)
			U值	-4.19	-5.36	-0.25
			P值	< 0.01	< 0.01	0.80
合计		1 071		17.2(15.6, 19.2)	59.1(55.0, 65.0)	41.2(39.3, 43.2)	14.7(10.7, 19.0)	57.4(37.7, 83.9)

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表 2 不同组别中小学生维生素D、铁蛋白缺乏率比较

Table 2. Comparison of vitamin D and ferritin nutritional status in primary and secondary school students

组别	选项	人数	统计值	25(OH)D	铁蛋白
性别	男	536		100(18.7)	22(4.1)
	女	535		230(43.0)	39(7.3)
			χ²值	97.52	5.06
			P值	< 0.01	0.03
学段	小学	717		172(24.0)	20(2.8)
	初中	354		158(44.6)	41(11.6)
			χ²值	49.01	34.11
			P值	< 0.01	< 0.01
学校所在地	乡镇	360		79(21.9)	12(3.3)
	县城	711		251(35.3)	49(6.9)
			χ²值	21.89	5.63
			P值	< 0.01	0.02
营养状态	营养不足	111		29(26.1)	2(1.8)
	正常	829		276(33.3)	54(6.5)
	超重	80		17(21.3)	4(5.0)
	肥胖	51		8(15.7)	1(2.0)
			χ²值	15.22	5.19
			P值	0.02	0.14
注：()内数字为缺乏率/%。

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