澳门儿童青少年2005—2020年超重肥胖变化及相关因素分析

陈佳鑫; 赵德强; 王艺蓓; 王春苗; 张彦峰

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025132

澳门儿童青少年2005—2020年超重肥胖变化及相关因素分析

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025132

国家体育总局体育科学研究所，北京 100061

基金项目:

中国澳门特别行政区政府体育局与中国国家体育总局体育科学研究所联合项目澳门市民体质监测项目 B24-25

详细信息

作者简介:
陈佳鑫(2001-)，男，江苏南通人，硕士，主要研究方向为体质与健康

通讯作者:
张彦峰，E-mail: zhangyanfeng0310@126.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R179 R723.14 G479
计量
- 文章访问数: 10
- HTML全文浏览量: 3
- PDF下载量: 3
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-01-24
- 修回日期: 2025-02-23
- 网络出版日期: 2025-06-07
- 刊出日期: 2025-05-25

Trends and associated factors of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents in Macao from 2005 to 2020

China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing (100061), China

摘要

摘要: 目的分析2005—2020年澳门儿童青少年超重肥胖现状、流行趋势以及相关因素，为制定儿童青少年体质健康改善策略提供依据。方法数据来源于2005，2010，2015，2020年澳门市民体质监测数据库，以6~22岁儿童青少年为研究对象。采用χ²检验分析超重肥胖检出率变化趋势，采用单因素与多元Logistic回归分析探讨其相关因素。结果澳门儿童青少年超重检出率从2005年的10.4%上升至2020年的14.8%；肥胖检出率从6.8%增至12.1%；总检出率由17.2%升至26.9%，差异均有统计学意义(χ_趋势²值分别为46.7，87.5，145.9，P值均 < 0.01)；其中男生超重肥胖率快速增加(χ_趋势²=118.6，P < 0.01)，女生超重肥胖率在2020年出现降低的拐点。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示，体育课表现得分3分(超重：OR=2.34，95%CI=1.10~4.96；肥胖：OR=2.39，95%CI=1.19~4.81)、父亲肥胖(超重：OR=2.07，95%CI=1.38~3.11；肥胖：OR=1.51，95%CI=1.01~2.27)及母亲肥胖(超重：OR=1.69，95%CI=1.08~2.63；肥胖：OR=1.77，95%CI=1.16~2.71)的儿童青少年发生超重肥胖的风险均较高；运动前适当做准备活动(肥胖：OR=0.37，95%CI=0.15~0.95)、参加2项补习或非体育兴趣班(肥胖：OR=0.46，95%CI=0.24~0.88)和课外体育锻炼时身体感受适中(肥胖：OR=0.60，95%CI=0.36~0.98)的儿童青少年发生超重肥胖的风险均较低(P值均 < 0.05)。结论澳门儿童青少年超重肥胖问题严峻，男生尤为突出，女生开始出现下降拐点。建议构建多方协同防控体系，以减少儿童青少年肥胖的发生。
- 超重 /
- 肥胖症 /
- 回归分析 /
- 儿童 /
- 青少年
Abstract: Objective To analyze the prevalence trends and associated factors of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents in Macao from 2005 to 2020, so as to provide evidence for developing health promotion strategies. Methods Data were obtained from the Macao Citizen Physical Fitness Monitoring Database for the years 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020 for participants aged 6-22 years. The χ² test was employed to analyze trends in detection rates, while univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify influencing factors. Results The overweight rate among Macao's children and adolescents increased from 10.4% in 2005 to 14.8% in 2020. The obesity rate rose from 6.8% to 12.1%, with the total detection rate increasing from 17.2% to 26.9%, and the differences were statistically significant (χ_trend²=46.7, 87.5, 145.9, P < 0.01). Notably, the overweight/obesity rate among boys showed rapid growth (χ_trend²=118.6, P < 0.01), while girls exhibited a declining inflection point in 2020. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that children and adolescents with the following characteristics faced higher risks of overweight/obesity: a physical education performance score of 3 points (overweight: OR=2.34, 95%CI=1.10-4.96; obesity: OR=2.39, 95%CI=1.19-4.81), paternal obesity (overweight: OR=2.07, 95%CI=1.38-3.11; obesity: OR=1.51, 95%CI=1.01-2.27), and maternal obesity (overweight: OR=1.69, 95%CI=1.08-2.63; obesity: OR=1.77, 95%CI=1.16-2.71) (P < 0.05). Conversely, lower risks were observed in those who performed appropriate warm-up activities before exercise (obesity: OR=0.37, 95%CI=0.15-0.95), participated in two academic/non-sports extracurricular classes (obesity: OR=0.46, 95%CI=0.24-0.88), and reported moderate physical exertion during extracurricular exercise (obesity: OR=0.60, 95%CI=0.36-0.98) (P < 0.05). Conclusions Overweight and obesity among Macao's children and adolescents remain severe, particularly among boys, while girls show early signs of improvement. It is recommended to establish a multi-sectoral collaborative prevention and control system to reduce childhood and adolescent obesity.
- Overweight /
- Obesity /
- Regression analysis /
- Child /
- Adolescent
注释:

1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。

HTML全文

图 1 澳门各年龄儿童青少年2020年超重肥胖检出率

Figure 1. Prevalence rates of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents of all ages in Macao in 2020

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 澳门儿童青少年超重肥胖的相关因素单因素分析

Table 1. Univariate analysis of factors related to overweight and obesity among children and adolescents in Macao

组别	选项	人数	超重	肥胖	χ²值	P值
运动前适当做准备活动	是	1 119	148(13.2)	153(13.7)	10.4	0.04
	否	20	2(10.0)	4(20.0)
	不知道	39	6(15.4)	12(30.8)
体育课表现得分	5	489	49(10.0)	63(12.9)	34.2	0.03
	4	457	71(15.5)	58(12.7)
	3	206	34(16.5)	42(20.4)
	2	22	1(4.5)	6(27.3)
	1	5	1(20.0)	1(20.0)
周末每天电子设备	< 0.5	97	11(11.3)	11(11.3)	39.1	< 0.01
使用时间/h	0.5~ < 1	240	23(9.6)	26(10.8)
	1~ < 1.5	255	31(12.2)	46(18.0)
	1.5~ < 2	145	26(17.9)	18(12.4)
	2~ < 3	183	28(15.3)	29(15.8)
	3~ < 4	111	19(17.1)	8(7.2)
	4~ < 5	59	5(8.5)	17(28.8)
	5~ < 6	28	0	6(21.4)
	≥6	43	10(23.3)	6(14.0)
近半年内参加补习或非	没有	339	44(13.0)	66(19.5)	15.6	0.02
体育兴趣班	1项	365	42(11.5)	52(14.2)
	2项	306	45(14.7)	28(9.2)
	≥3项	168	25(14.9)	23(13.7)
上体育课或锻炼时身体	呼吸平稳、和平常差不多、没有特别感觉	247	44(17.8)	28(11.3)	18.8	< 0.01
感受	微微出汗、呼吸加快、心跳有点快	789	92(11.7)	107(13.6)
	出汗较多、心跳明显加快、上气不接下气	138	19(13.8)	33(23.9)
学校体育课外体育锻炼	呼吸平稳、和平常差不多、没有特别感觉	171	37(21.6)	18(10.5)	26.1	< 0.01
时身体感受	微微出汗、呼吸加快、心跳有点快	664	73(11.0)	89(13.4)
	出汗较多、心跳明显加快、上气不接下气	176	26(14.8)	40(22.7)
父亲肥胖	是	389	69(17.7)	68(17.5)	17.5	< 0.01
	否	789	87(11.0)	101(12.8)
母亲肥胖	是	277	47(17.0)	59(21.3)	21.7	< 0.01
	否	901	109(12.1)	110(12.2)
注：()内数字为检出率/%。

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 澳门儿童青少年超重肥胖相关因素的多元Logistic回归分析(n=1 178)

Table 2. Multivariate Logistics regression analysis of related factors of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents in Macao(n=1 178)

自变量	选项	超重		肥胖
自变量	选项	OR值(95%CI)	P值	OR值(95%CI)	P值
体育课表现得分	5	1.00		1.00
	4	1.60(0.90~2.83)	0.11	0.92(0.52~1.64)	0.78
	3	2.34(1.10~4.96)	0.03	2.39(1.19~4.81)	0.02
	2	1.92(0.85~4.33)	0.12	2.49(0.45~13.78)	0.30
	1	1.18(0.12~11.32)	0.88	4.50(0.59~34.61)	0.15
父亲肥胖	否	1.00		1.00
	是	2.07(1.38~3.11)	< 0.01	1.51(1.01~2.27)	0.05
母亲肥胖	否	1.00		1.00
	是	1.69(1.08~2.63)	0.02	1.77(1.16~2.71)	0.01
运动前适当做准备活动	否	1.00		1.00
	是	0.63(0.23~1.73)	0.37	0.37(0.15~0.95)	0.04
	不知道	0.46(0.07~2.96)	0.41	0.50(0.10~2.53)	0.40
近半年内参加补习或非体育兴趣班	没有	1.00		1.00
	1项	0.63(0.34~1.18)	0.15	0.81(0.45~1.45)	0.50
	2项	0.71(0.40~1.27)	0.25	0.46(0.24~0.88)	0.02
	≥3项	0.86(0.48~1.53)	0.60	1.34(0.75~2.39)	0.32
上体育课或锻炼时身体感受	呼吸平稳、和平常差不多、没有特别感觉	1.00		1.00
	微微出汗、呼吸加快、心跳有点快	0.69(0.30~1.59)	0.38	0.52(0.30~0.92)	0.02
	出汗较多、心跳明显加快、上气不接下气	0.66(0.35~1.26)	0.21	0.47(0.21~1.03)	0.06
学校体育课外体育锻炼时身体感受	呼吸平稳、和平常差不多、没有特别感觉	1.00		1.00
	微微出汗、呼吸加快、心跳有点快	1.55(0.73~3.31)	0.26	0.60(0.36~0.98)	0.04
	出汗较多、心跳明显加快、上气不接下气	0.69(0.34~1.18)	0.18	0.60(0.27~1.35)	0.22

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(19)

[1]	夏嘉苓, 官计, 方悦, 等. 儿童家庭饮食环境的研究进展[J]. 中国儿童保健杂志, 2024, 32(9): 984-988. XIA J L, GUAN J, FANG Y, et al. Research progress on family food environment of children[J]. Chin J Child Health, 2024, 32(9): 984-988. (in Chinese)
[2]	KUBOTA T, KUBOTA N, KADOWAKI T. Imbalanced insulin actions in obesity and type 2 diabetes: key mouse models of insulin signaling pathway[J]. Cell Metab, 2017, 25(4): 797-810. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.03.004
[3]	WEIHRAUCH-BLVHER S, SCHWARZ P, KLUSMANN J H. Childhood obesity: increased risk for cardiometabolic disease and cancer in adulthood[J]. Metabolism, 2019, 92: 147-152. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.12.001
[4]	LEE E Y, YOON K H. Epidemic obesity in children and adolescents: risk factors and prevention[J]. Front Med, 2018, 12(6): 658-666. doi: 10.1007/s11684-018-0640-1
[5]	王转, 杜向东, 李忻, 等. 2017—2021年贵州省9~18岁儿童青少年超重与肥胖流行趋势分析[J]. 中国健康教育, 2023, 39(5): 393-397. WANG Z, DU X D, LI X, et al. Trend analysis of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents aged 9-18 years old in Guizhou Province from 2017 to 2021[J]. Chin J Health Educ, 2023, 39(5): 393-397. (in Chinese)
[6]	王明夏, 贾丽红, 翟玲玲, 等. 脂肪组织内质网应激与儿童肥胖相关2型糖尿病的关系研究进展[J]. 中华实用儿科临床杂志, 2019, 34(3): 231-233. WANG M X, JIA L H, ZHAI L L, et al. Study progress of adipose tissue endoplasmic reticulum stress and childhood obesity-related type 2 diabetes[J]. Chin J Pract Pediatr, 2019, 34(3): 231-233. (in Chinese)
[7]	ROMAIN A J, MARLEAU J, BAILLOT A. Association between physical multimorbidity, body mass index and mental health/disorders in a representative sample of people with obesity[J]. J Epidemiol Commun Health, 2019, 73(9): 874-880. doi: 10.1136/jech-2018-211497
[8]	王云涛, 施美莉. 澳门超重、肥胖儿童青少年体质特征及影响因素研究[J]. 中国体育科技, 2019, 55(12): 59-67. WANG Y T, SHI M L. Research on physical characteristics and influencing factors of overweight and obese children and adolescent in Macao[J]. China Sports Sci Technol, 2019, 55(12): 59-67. (in Chinese)
[9]	中华人民共和国国家卫生健康委员会. 学龄儿童青少年超重肥胖筛查: WS/T 586—2018[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2018. National Health Commission of the PRC. Screening for overweight and obesity among school-age children and adolescents[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2018. (in Chinese)
[10]	中华人民共和国国家卫生健康委员会.国家卫生健康委办公厅关于印发体重管理指导原则(2024年版)的通知[EB/OL].(2024-12-31)[2025-01-15].https://www.nhc.gov.cn/ylyjs/zcwj/202412/75cb79c171c94def9e768193e65484f7.shtml.
[11]	顾正云, 熊建萍, 郭志芳, 等. 中国四省市大学生奶茶消费现状与心理困扰的关联[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2024, 45(10): 1436-1440, 1445. doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024302 GU Z Y, XIONG J P, GUO Z F, et al. Relationship between consumption status of milk tea and psychological distress among college students in four provinces of China[J]. Chin J Sch Health, 2024, 45(10): 1436-1440, 1445. (in Chinese) doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024302
[12]	DUBUC M M, AUBERTIN-LEHEUDRE M, KARELIS A D. Lifestyle habits predict academic performance in high school students: the adolescent student academic performance longitudinal study (ASAP)[J]. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2020, 17(1): 243.
[13]	曹黎, 徐静, 薛艳丽, 等. 北京市某社区女性居民营养与饮食行为及影响因素[J]. 卫生研究, 2020, 49(4): 655-658. CAO L, XU J, XUE Y L, et al. Nutrition and dietary behavior of female residents in a community in Beijing and its influencing factors[J]. J Hyg Res, 2020, 49(4): 655-658. (in Chinese)
[14]	YUN Y J, KWON Y J, LEE Y, et al. Association of dietary habits with general and abdominal obesity in Korean children and adolescents: cluster analysis of nationwide population survey data[J]. Front Endocrinol, 2024, 15: 1424761. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1424761
[15]	MALKIN J D, BAID D, ALSUKAIT R F, et al. The economic burden of overweight and obesity in Saudi Arabia[J]. PLoS One, 2022, 17(3): e0264993. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264993
[16]	SONG W J, WANG W T, YIN X F. Research on influencing factors of adolescents' sports health behaviors in social ecology[J]. Revist Brasil De Med Do Esport, 2021, 27(4): 434-439. doi: 10.1590/1517-8692202127042021_0105
[17]	HILLMAN C H, BIGGAN J R. A review of childhood physical activity, brain, and cognition: perspectives on the future[J]. Pediatr Exerc Sci, 2017, 29(2): 170-176. doi: 10.1123/pes.2016-0125
[18]	SHELDRICK M P, MAITLAND C, MACKINTOSH K A, et al. Clusters of activity-related social and physical home environmental factors and their association with children?Home-based physical activity and sitting[J]. Pediatr Exerc Sci, 2023, 35(1): 23-34.
[19]	SAUNDERS L A, JACKSON B, GIBSON L Y, et al. 'It's been a lifelong thing for me': parents' experiences of facilitating a healthy lifestyle for their children with severe obesity[J]. BMC Public Health, 2023, 23(1): 1176. doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-15780-y