宁夏儿童青少年习惯性读写姿势与常见病多病的关联

魏嵘; 罗海燕; 马宁; 赵瑜; 杨艺; 陈耀庚

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025117

宁夏儿童青少年习惯性读写姿势与常见病多病的关联

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025117

魏嵘^{1, 2},
罗海燕¹,
马宁¹,
赵瑜¹,
杨艺²,
陈耀庚^3, ,

1.
宁夏医科大学公共卫生学院，银川 750001
2.
宁夏疾病预防控制中心慢性病监测科
3.
宁夏医科大学医学信息与工程学院

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 82060331

宁夏重点研发计划(引才专项)项目 2021BEB04078

宁夏卫生健康系统科研课题 2021-NW-052

详细信息

作者简介:
魏嵘(1989-)，女，宁夏回族自治区人，在读硕士，主管医师，主要研究方向为慢性病预防与控制

通讯作者:
陈耀庚，E-mail: ygch@nxmu.edu.cn

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R179 R366 G479
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-01-10
- 修回日期: 2025-02-09
- 网络出版日期: 2025-06-07
- 刊出日期: 2025-05-25

Association of habitual reading and writing postures with common diseases and comorbidities among children and adolescents in Ningxia

WEI Rong^{1, 2},
LUO Haiyan¹,
MA Ning¹,
ZHAO Yu¹,
YANG Yi²,
CHEN Yaogeng^{3
, ,}

1.
School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan (750001), Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解习惯性读写姿势与儿童青少年常见病(超重/肥胖、视力不良、高血压及脊柱侧弯)多病的关联，为儿童青少年常见病多病共防提供数据支持。方法 2021年9月—2022年6月，采用多阶段整群随机抽样方法从银川市金凤区、中卫市沙坡头区、吴忠市盐池县、石嘴山市平罗县4个县(区)抽取16所中小学共4 577名小学生和初中生进行问卷调查和身体测量。利用加权复杂抽样设计的分析方法探讨习惯性读写姿势与儿童青少年常见病多病的关联。结果宁夏儿童青少年超重/肥胖、视力不良、脊柱侧弯及高血压4种常见病中，检出率分别为22.87%，62.52%，2.30%，1.30%，2种及以上的多病检出率为15.95%。多因素非条件Logistic回归分析结果显示，经常/总是塌腰低头向前趴着坐会增加儿童青少年常见病多病共存的发生风险(OR=1.90，P < 0.05)。与对应的参照组相比，9~12岁年龄组、男性儿童青少年超重/肥胖的检出风险相对较低(OR值分别为0.71，0.70，P值均 < 0.05)；9~12岁年龄组、男性、城镇儿童青少年视力不良的检出风险相对较低(OR值分别为0.59，0.60，0.73)，经常/总是向左或向右倾斜着坐儿童青少年视力不良的检出风险较高(OR=1.78)；城镇儿童青少年脊柱侧弯的检出风险较高(OR=3.71)；9~12岁年龄组儿童青少年高血压的检出风险相对较低(OR=0.09)，经常/总是塌腰低头向前趴着坐儿童青少年的高血压检出风险较高(OR=5.03)(P值均 < 0.05)。结论宁夏儿童青少年常见病多病检出率较高，读写姿势不良是其相关行为因素。应尽早开展儿童青少年读写姿势防控，促使养成良好的读写习惯，以有效防控常见病多病发生。
- 阅读 /
- 书写 /
- 疾病 /
- 回归分析 /
- 儿童 /
- 青少年
Abstract: Objective To investigate the association between habitual reading/writing postures and the co-occurrence of common health conditions (overweight/obesity, visual impairment, hypertension, and scoliosis) and comorbidities among children and adolescents, in order to provide data support for the joint prevention of common diseases and comorbidities among children and adolescents. Methods From September 2021 to June 2022, a multi-stage cluster random sampling method was used to select a total of 4 577 children and adolescents from 16 primary and secondary schools in Ningxia: Jinfeng District of Yinchuan City, Shapotou District of Zhongwei City, Yanchi County of Wuzhong City, and Pingluo County of Shizuishan City. A weighted complex sampling design was used to investigate the association of habitual reading and writing postures with common comorbidities in children and adolescents. Results The prevalence rates of common diseases among children and adolescents in Ningxia were as follows: overweight/obesity was 22.87%, visual impairment was 62.52%, scoliosis was 2.30%, and hypertension was 1.30%. The prevalence of multimorbidity (co-occurrence of ≥2 conditions) among Ningxia children and adolescents was 15.95%. Multivariate unconditional Logistic regression analysis showed that frequent/always collapsing waist and sitting forward with head lowered increased the risk of common comorbidities in children and adolescents (OR=1.90, P < 0.05). Compared with the corresponding reference group, male children and adolescents aged 9 to 12 years and boys had relatively lower risks of overweight/obesity (OR=0.71, 0.70); the risk of poor vision among children and adolescents aged 9 to 12 years, male, and urban was relatively low (OR=0.59, 0.60, 0.73)(P < 0.05). Children and adolescents who often/always sat leaning to the left or right were at higher risk of poor vision (OR=1.78); urban children and adolescents had a higher risk of developing scoliosis (OR=3.71); children and adolescents aged 9 to 12 had a relatively low risk of developing hypertension (OR=0.09), and children and adolescents who often/always bent their backs and sat forward on their knees had a higher risk of hypertension (OR=5.03)(P < 0.05). Conclusions Ningxia has a high incidence of common diseases and multiple diseases among children and adolescents, frequent or always collapsing waist and sitting forward with head lowered is associated with common comorbidities in children and adolescents in Ningxia. Proper postural measures for reading and writing should be carried out as soon as possible to encourage children and adolescents to develop good reading and writing habits for effectively preventing and controlling the occurrence of common diseases.
- Reading /
- Handwriting /
- Disease /
- Regression analysis /
- Chid /
- Adolescent
注释:

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表 1 宁夏儿童青少年常见病及多病共存的单因素分析[OR值(95%CI)，n=4 577]

Table 1. Single factor analysis of common and comorbidities among children and adolescents in Ningxia[OR(95%CI), n=4 577]

自变量	超重/肥胖	视力不良	脊柱侧弯	高血压	多病
年龄/岁	1.41(1.11~1.78)^**	0.53(0.43~0.66)^**	0.53(0.29~0.97)^*	0.07(0.02~0.22)^**	0.90(0.69~1.17)
性别	1.43(1.13~1.81)^**	0.62(0.50~0.77)^**	0.96(0.49~1.86)	0.41(0.14~1.24)	1.01(0.78~1.33)
城乡	0.96(0.76~1.20)	0.74(0.60~0.90)^**	3.75(2.04~6.89)^**	2.89(1.01~8.26)^*	1.00(0.77~1.31)
趴着读写	1.09(0.57~2.06)	1.59(0.85~2.99)	0.49(0.11~2.21)	1.02(0.20~5.30)	1.47(0.75~2.91)
躺着读写	1.04(0.57~1.87)	1.42(0.54~3.72)	1.90(0.64~5.63)	—	1.48(0.81~2.70)
向左或向右倾斜着坐	0.79(0.36~1.71)	2.68(1.47~4.88)^**	1.52(0.49~4.65)	1.97(0.44~8.90)	1.35(0.62~2.92)
翘二郎腿或压腿坐	0.79(0.36~1.71)	2.68(1.47~4.88)^**	1.52(0.49~4.65)	1.97(0.44~8.90)	1.35(0.62~2.92)
塌腰低头向前趴着坐	1.10(0.69~1.73)	1.61(1.05~2.48)^*	2.50(0.99~6.28)	7.10(1.67~30.17)^**	1.72(1.05~2.80)^*
家长提醒姿势异常	1.02(0.81~1.28)	1.18(0.94~1.48)	0.88(0.42~1.82)	1.92(0.64~5.79)	1.16(0.89~1.52)
老师提醒姿势异常	0.87(0.70~1.09)	0.90(0.74~1.11)	0.69(0.35~1.36)	2.94(0.96~9.04)	0.86(0.66~1.11)
学生对待家人的提醒	0.97(0.52~1.79)	0.48(0.26~0.90)^*	0.79(0.18~3.38)	0.84(0.10~6.90)	0.55(0.30~1.00)
学生对待老师的提醒	0.91(0.34~2.45)	0.26(0.09~0.69)^**	0.40(0.09~1.74)	0.37(0.04~3.09)	0.38(0.16~0.90)^*
注：自变量赋值为习惯性读写姿势—“经常/总是”=1，“从不/偶尔”=2；年龄—9~12岁=1，13~16岁=2；性别—男=1，女=2；城乡—城镇=1，乡村=2。躺着读写的儿童青少年高血压患儿为0人，无OR数据。^* P < 0.05，^** P < 0.01。

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表 2 宁夏儿童青少年常见病及多病共存多因素Logistic回归分析[OR值(95%CI)，n=4 577]

Table 2. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis of common diseases and comorbidities among children and adolescents in Ningxia[OR(95%CI), n=4 577]

自变量	选项	多病	超重/肥胖	视力不良	脊柱侧弯	高血压
年龄/岁	9~12		0.71(0.56~0.90)^*	0.59(0.47~0.74)^**	0.59(0.32~1.09)	0.09(0.03~0.27)^**
性别	男		0.70(0.55~0.88)^*	0.60(0.49~0.74)^**
城乡	城镇			0.73(0.59~0.90)^**	3.71(2.01~6.86)^**	2.79(0.96~8.10)
向左或向右倾斜着坐	经常/总是			1.78(1.21~2.63)^**
翘二郎腿或压腿坐	经常/总是			1.46(0.92~2.32)
塌腰低头向前趴着坐	经常/总是	1.90(1.14~3.14)^*		1.04(0.69~1.56)	2.21(0.87~5.57)	5.03(1.22~20.82)^*
学生对待家人的提醒	接受	0.71(0.33~1.52)		0.75(0.32~1.74)
学生对待老师的提醒	接受	0.61(0.20~1.83)		0.46(0.13~1.60)
注：自变量中年龄、性别、城乡、习惯性读写姿势(塌腰低头向前趴着坐、向左或向右倾斜着坐、翘二郎腿或压腿坐)、学生对待家人或老师的提醒分别以13~16岁、女生、农村、从不/偶尔、不接受为参照；^* P < 0.05，^**P < 0.01。

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