Relationship between the use of disposable plastic food containers and executive function among primary school students in a district of Chongqing
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摘要:
目的 探讨一次性塑料食品容器使用对小学生执行功能的影响，为制定相关健康政策提供依据。 方法 2023年11月至2024年5月，采用方便抽样方法从重庆市某主城区3所小学抽取1 118名一至三年级小学生进行调查。通过自编问卷收集一般人口学特征及一次性塑料食品容器使用情况，采用儿童执行功能量表(CHEXI)评估小学生执行功能，并通过多因素线性回归分析小学生一次性塑料食品容器接触及加热情况与执行功能的关联。 结果 小学生工作记忆、抑制力及执行功能总分分别为32(26，39)，33(28，38)，66(54，75)分。多因素线性回归分析显示，使用塑料饭盒吃饭频率越高的女生CHEXI工作记忆得分(β=1.29)、抑制力得分(β=1.57)、执行功能总分(β=2.85)越高；与未使用塑料杯或饮用桶装水的女生相比，使用塑料杯喝水或饮用桶装水的女生工作记忆得分(β=2.63)、抑制力得分(β=2.10)、执行功能总分(β=4.73)更高；与未吃金属易拉罐食品的女生相比，吃金属易拉罐食品的女生工作记忆得分(β=3.62)、抑制力得分(β=1.89)、执行功能总分(β=5.50)更高；使用塑料饭盒吃饭频率越高的男生抑制力得分(β=1.13)越高(P值均＜0.05)；与使用塑料饭盒吃饭时且带饭盒时未加热的女生相比，加热的女生工作记忆得分(β=5.39)、抑制力得分(β=4.29)、执行功能总分(β=9.68)更高(P值均＜0.05)。 结论 一次性塑料食品容器的使用可能影响小学生执行功能，在女生中更为明显。应加强对一次性塑料制品使用的监管，提高公众健康意识。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the impact of disposable plastic food container usage on the executive function among primary school students, so as to provide the evidence for the formulation of relevant health policies. Methods From November 2023 to May 2024, a convenience sampling method was employed to select 1 118 grade 1-3 students from three primary schools in a central district of Chongqing. A self-developed questionnaire was used to collect demographic characteristics and data on disposable plastic food container usage. Executive function of primary school students was assessed using the Childhood Executive Functioning Inventory (CHEXI). Multivariate linear regression analysis was conducted to explore the associations between disposable plastic food container usage and heating with executive function among primary school students. Results Median scores for working memory, inhibition and total executive function among primary school students were 32 (26, 39), 33 (28, 38), and 66 (54, 75), respectively. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that among girls, higher frequencies of eating meals from plastic lunchboxes were associated with higher CHEXI working memory scores (β=1.29), inhibition scores (β=1.57), and total executive function scores (β=2.85) (P < 0.05). Compared to girls who did not use plastic cups or drank bottled water, those who used plastic cups for drinking or drank bottled water had higher scores in working memory (β=2.63), inhibition (β=2.10), and total executive function (β=4.73); compared to girls who did not eat canned food from metal cans, those who ate such food had higher scores in working memory (β=3.62), inhibition (β=1.89), and total executive function (β=5.50) (P < 0.05).Among boys, higher frequencies of eating meals from plastic lunchboxes were associated with higher inhibition scores (β=1.13) (P < 0.05). Compared to girls who ate with a plastic lunch box and did not heat it when they ate, girls who more frequent heating plastic lunchboxes with food inside had higher working memory scores (β=5.39), inhibition scores (β=4.29), and total executive function scores (β=9.68) (P < 0.05). Conclusions The use of disposable plastic food containers may adversely affect executive function of primary school students, with a more pronounced effect observed in girls. Strengthened regulation of disposable plastic products and health education are urgently needed. -
Key words:
- Plastics /
- Food /
- Executive function /
- Regression analysis /
- Students
1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。 -
表 1 不同组别小学生执行功能量表得分比较
Table 1. Comparison of CHEXI scores among primary school students with different groups
组别 选项 人数 工作记忆 抑制力 总分 M(P25, P75) H/Z值 M(P25, P75) H/Z值 M(P25, P75) H/Z值 父亲文化程度 初中及以下 187 35(27, 41) 23.89** 35(30, 40) 9.47** 70(59, 79) 19.14** 高中或中专 287 33(27, 39) 33(29, 38) 67(55, 75) 大专及以上 644 31(25, 38) 33(27, 38) 65(52, 74) 母亲文化程度 初中及以下 165 35(29, 39) 23.03** 34(29, 40) 5.70 70(57, 79) 16.52** 高中或中专 297 33(26, 39) 33(29, 39) 68(55, 76) 大专及以上 656 31(25, 37) 33(28, 37) 64(53, 74) 家庭人均月收入 ＜4 000 182 35(28, 39) 22.94** 34(30, 40) 14.84** 70(59, 78) 21.93** 水平/元a 4 000~6 000 195 33(27, 39) 33(29, 39) 66(57, 77) >6 000~8 000 194 33(26, 39) 35(30, 39) 68(56, 77) >8 000~10 000 192 31(25, 37) 32(28, 37) 65(54, 73) >10 000 284 30(24, 38) 33(27, 37) 64(52, 73) 学校 学校1 206 32(26, 39) 1.63 33(28, 37) 0.97 66(53, 74) 1.85 学校2 652 32(26, 39) 33(28, 38) 66(55, 75) 学校3 260 33(27, 39) 34(29, 39) 68(55, 77) 性别 男 558 33(26, 39) -3.67** 34(29, 39) -3.91** 68(56, 77) -4.10** 女 560 31(25, 37) 33(27, 37) 64(52, 74) 注：a表示存在缺失值；**P＜0.01。 
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表 2 小学生一次性塑料食品容器接触与执行功能得分的线性回归分析[β值(95%CI)]
Table 2. Linear regression analysis of disposable plastic food container usage and CHEXI scores among primary school students [β(95%CI)]
因变量 自变量 男生(n=558) 女生(n=560) 单因素 多因素 单因素 多因素 工作记忆 使用塑料饭盒吃饭频率 0.78(-0.32~1.87) — 1.26(0.24~2.29)* 1.29(0.15~2.43)* 是否使用塑料杯喝水或饮用桶装水 1.46(-0.16~3.07) — 2.47(0.95~3.99)** 2.63(1.13~4.13)** 是否吃金属易拉罐食品 -0.93(-2.60~0.74) — 3.57(1.95~5.19)** 3.62(2.02~5.21)** 抑制力 使用塑料饭盒吃饭频率 1.03(0.13~1.93)* 1.13(0.14~2.12)* 1.34(0.50~2.17)** 1.57(0.63~2.50)** 是否使用塑料杯喝水或饮用桶装水 1.01(-0.32~2.35) — 1.98(0.78~3.22)** 2.10(0.85~3.35)** 是否吃金属易拉罐食品 -0.43(-1.81~0.94) — 1.94(0.61~3.28)** 1.89(0.55~3.23)** CHEXI总分 使用塑料饭盒吃饭频率 1.80(-0.07~3.68) — 2.60(0.84~4.36)** 2.85(0.89~4.82)** 是否使用塑料杯喝水或饮用桶装水 2.47(-0.31~5.25) — 4.44(1.84~7.05)** 4.73(2.13~7.33)** 是否吃金属易拉罐食品 -1.37(-4.23~1.50) — 5.51(2.71~8.30)** 5.50(2.73~8.27)** 注：多因素分析调整小学生年龄、父母文化程度、家庭人均月收入、出生孕周、出生体重等协变量；*P＜0.05，**P＜0.01。
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表 3 小学生一次性塑料食品容器的加热行为与CHEXI得分的线性回归分析[β值(95%CI)]
Table 3. Linear regression analysis of the behaviors of heating disposable plastic food containers and CHEXI scores among primary school students[β(95%CI)]
因变量 自变量 男生(n=558) 女生(n=560) 人数 单因素 多因素 人数 单因素 多因素 工作记忆 是否使用塑料饭盒吃饭时带饭盒加热 240 1.26(-1.32~3.83) — 219 5.61(3.04~8.18)** 5.39(2.69~8.10)** 是否使用塑料杯喝温/热水或饮用桶装温/热水 312 1.21(-1.11~3.52) — 311 2.33(0.12~4.54)* 1.90(-0.28~4.09) 是否吃金属易拉罐食品时带罐加热 205 0.80(-2.16~3.76) — 174 2.87(-0.27~6.01) — 抑制力 是否使用塑料饭盒吃饭时带饭盒加热 240 0.98(-1.15~3.11) — 219 4.53(2.45~6.61)** 4.29(2.07~6.50)** 是否使用塑料杯喝温/热水或饮用桶装温/热水 312 0.00(-1.89~1.89) — 311 0.63(-1.14~2.40) — 是否吃金属易拉罐食品时带罐加热 205 -0.55(-2.97~1.86) — 174 -0.35(-2.74~2.03) — CHEXI总分 是否使用塑料饭盒吃饭时带饭盒加热 240 2.24(-2.18~6.65) — 219 10.13(5.77~14.50)** 9.68(5.04~14.31)** 是否使用塑料杯喝温/热水或饮用桶装温/热水 312 1.20(-2.76~5.17) — 311 2.96(-0.83~6.75) — 是否吃金属易拉罐食品时带罐加热 205 0.25(-4.86~5.35) — 114 2.52(-2.72~7.77) — 注：多因素分析调整小学生年龄、父母文化程度、家庭人均月收入、出生孕周、出生体重等协变量；*P＜0.05，**P＜0.01。
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