Effects of different types of acute exercise on working memory among sedentary college students
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摘要:
目的 探讨不同类型急性运动对久坐大学生工作记忆的影响, 为开展运动干预提供依据。 方法 2023年4月15日-5月30日, 在北京某大学招募42名久坐大学生, 采用单盲完全随机分组实验设计, 随机分为开放式运动组、封闭式运动组和对照组, 每组14人。开放式运动组进行30 min羽毛球运动, 封闭式运动组进行30 min跑步运动, 对照组静坐30 min。所有受试者在干预前后完成工作记忆2-back任务, 并记录脑电数据。对实验前后测得的行为学和脑电数据进行重复测量方差分析。 结果 开放式运动组、封闭式运动组和对照组的正确率时间主效应(0.90±0.06, 0.94±0.05;0.88±0.05, 0.94±0.05;0.85±0.10, 0.90±0.06)差异有统计学意义(F=37.14, P＜0.01);反应时的时间主效应、组别与时间交互效应[(923.65±145.08, 711.56±140.93;909.59±180.28, 807.85±169.66;917.05±166.35, 871.86±186.07)ms]差异均有统计学意义(F值分别为70.55, 11.83, P值均＜0.01)。采用重复测量方差分析干预前后结果显示, 3组正确率和反应时均优于前测, 组间正确率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);开放式运动组的反应时快于对照组(P＜0.05), 封闭式运动组与对照组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。P2波幅的时间主效应和时间与组别交互效应有统计学意义(F值分别为10.60, 7.66, P值均＜0.01), 开放式运动组的P2波幅高于对照组(P＜0.05), 而封闭式运动组与对照组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);N2波幅仅在时间主效应上有统计学意义(F=5.94, P＜0.05);P3波幅的时间和电极点主效应及组别与时间交互效应均有统计学意义(F值分别为23.16, 4.53, 5.85, P值均＜0.05), 两个运动组P3波幅高于对照组(P值均＜0.05), 两运动组之间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。 结论 开放式运动对久坐大学生工作记忆的改善效果优于封闭式运动。 Abstract:Objective To explore the effects of different types of acute exercise on the working memory of sedentary college students, so as to provide a basis for exercise intervention. Methods From April 15 to May 30, 2023, a total of 42 sedentary college students were recruited from one university in Beijing. Using a single-blind, completely randomized experimental design, participants were randomly assigned to an open-skill exercise group, a closed-skill exercise group, or a control group, with 14 participants in each group. The open-skill exercise group engaged in 30 minutes of badminton, the closed-skill exercise group performed 30 minutes of running, and the control group remained seated for 30 minutes. All participants completed a 2-back working memory task and had their electroencephalogram (EEG) data recorded before and after the intervention. Results The accuracy rates of the open-skill exercise group, closed-skill exercise group, and control group (0.90±0.06, 0.94±0.05; 0.88±0.05, 0.94±0.05; 0.85±0.10, 0.90±0.06) showed a significant main effect of time (F=37.14, P < 0.01). Reaction times [(923.65±145.08, 711.56±140.93; 909.59±180.28, 807.85±169.66; 917.05±166.35, 871.86±186.07)ms] showed both a significant main effect of time and a significant interaction between group and time (F=70.55, 11.83, P < 0.01). Repeated measures ANOVA revealed that all three groups improved in accuracy and reaction time compared to pre-test values, with no significant difference in accuracy between groups. However, the reaction time of the open-skill exercise group was significantly faster than that of the control group (P < 0.05), while there was no significant difference between the closed-skill exercise group and the control group (P > 0.05). For EEG data, the P2 amplitude showed a significant main effect of time and a significant interaction between groups and time (F=10.60, 7.66, P < 0.01), with the open-skill exercise group exhibiting a higher P2 amplitude than the control group (P < 0.05), while the closed-skill exercise group showed no significant difference compared to the control group (P > 0.05). The N2 amplitude showed a significant main effect of time (F=5.94, P < 0.05). The P3 amplitude showed significant main effects of time and electrode position, as well as a significant interaction between groups and time (F=23.16, 4.53, 5.85, P < 0.05), with both exercise groups exhibiting higher P3 amplitudes than the control group (P < 0.05), but no significant difference between the two exercise groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion Open-skill exercise is more effective than closed-skill exercise in improving the working memory of sedentary college students. -
Key words:
- Motor activity /
- Sedentary lifestyle /
- Work /
- Memory /
- Intervention studies /
- Students
1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。 -
图 1 不同组别久坐大学生在空间2-back任务中的ERP分析
Figure 1. ERP analysis of the spatial 2-back task in sedentary college students among different groups
表 1 不同组别久坐大学生干预前后空间2-back任务正确率与反应时(x±s)
Table 1. The accuracy and reaction time of the space 2-back task before and after intervention in different groups of sedentary college students(x±s)
组别 人数 正确率 反应时/ms 干预前 干预后 干预前 干预后 开放式运动组 14 0.90±0.06 0.94±0.05 923.65±145.08 711.56±140.93 封闭式运动组 14 0.88±0.05 0.94±0.05 909.59±180.28 807.85±169.66 对照组 14 0.85±0.10 0.90±0.06 917.05±166.35 871.86±186.07 
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表 2 不同组别久坐大学生干预前后空间2-back任务ERP结果(x±s，μv)
Table 2. ERP results of the space 2-back task before and after intervention in different groups of sedentary college students(x±s, μv)
组别 干预前后 人数 P2 N2 P3 FZ CZ FZ CZ FZ CZ PZ 开放式运动组 前测 14 3.61±2.68 3.28±2.54 2.14±1.45 2.03±1.75 2.37±2.42 2.87±2.14 3.19±1.92 后测 14 5.17±2.41 4.31±2.50 1.69±1.96 1.47±1.50 3.21±2.76 3.57±2.24 5.05±2.27 封闭式运动组 前测 14 4.03±2.80 3.86±1.95 1.72±3.56 2.23±3.01 2.26±2.04 2.51±2.21 3.53±1.74 后测 14 4.25±2.78 4.27±2.22 1.32±2.91 1.65±2.04 3.14±1.90 3.31±1.77 4.88±2.12 对照组 前测 14 3.50±2.12 3.34±1.97 1.81±2.63 2.02±2.43 2.37±2.19 2.94±2.25 3.22±2.16 后测 14 3.27±1.74 3.30±1.92 1.77±1.73 1.96±1.69 2.25±2.32 2.97±1.86 3.29±1.67
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