中学生睡眠质量与心肺耐力的关系

曾理; 曹伟; 尹小俭; 王进贤; 吴慧攀

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025075

中学生睡眠质量与心肺耐力的关系

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025075

曾理¹,
曹伟^2, ,,
尹小俭³,
王进贤⁴,
吴慧攀⁵

1.
华东理工大学体育科学与工程学院，上海 200237
2.
上海应用技术大学体育教育部
3.
华东师范大学体育与健康学院
4.
中北大学体育学院
5.
太原工业学院儿童青少年健康促进研究中心

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金资助项目 82373595

详细信息

作者简介:
曾理(1985-)，男，湖北武汉人，硕士，讲师，主要研究方向为学生健康促进与干预

通讯作者:
曹伟，E-mail: 411780921@qq.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R179 Q428 R540.4⁺⁷
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-02-07
- 修回日期: 2025-02-26
- 网络出版日期: 2025-04-03
- 刊出日期: 2025-03-25

Association between sleep quality and cardiorespiratory fitness among secondary school students

1.
School of Sports Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai(200237), China

摘要

摘要: 目的探讨中学生睡眠质量与心肺耐力的关系，为促进中国青少年身心健康全面发展提供参考。方法于2023年9—12月, 在上海、苏州、太原、婺源、兴义、乌鲁木齐分别采用分层整群随机抽样法抽取5 713名13~18岁中学生，采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)结合心肺耐力测试的方法对中学生的睡眠质量和心肺耐力水平进行评估，采用Pearson相关和多元线性回归分析睡眠质量与心肺耐力的关系。结果中学生睡眠质量差的报告率为33.7%(1 926/5 713)，13~18岁女生的PSQI评分均高于男生(χ²值分别为1.60，12.78，15.62，3.04，10.09，13.65，P值均 < 0.05)。中学生20 m往返跑(20 m SRT)为40(27，51)次，VO₂max为46.27(40.84，51.30)mL/(kg·min)，各年龄段女生20 m SRT与VO₂max均低于男生(Z=-15.27~-6.41，-18.06~-14.07，P值均 < 0.05)。男生心肺耐力(VO₂max)与睡眠时间和催眠药物评分呈负相关(r值分别为-0.032，-0.005)，女生VO₂max与睡眠时间、日间功能障碍评分均呈负相关(r值分别为-0.028，-0.008)(P值均 < 0.05)。控制相关变量后，线性回归分析显示，中学生PSQI总分与VO₂max呈负相关(β=-0.347，P < 0.01)。结论中学生睡眠质量越好，心肺耐力水平越高。促进中学生睡眠质量有利于改善其心肺耐力水平。
- 睡眠 /
- 心脏 /
- 肺 /
- 精神卫生 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To explore the association between sleep quality and cardiorespiratory fitness among secondary school students, so as to provide a reference for promoting the overall development of physical and mental health of Chinese adolescents. Methods From September to December 2023, 5 713 secondary school students aged 13 to 18 years were selected by the stratified cluster random sampling method from Shanghai, Suzhou, Taiyuan, Wuyuan, Xingyi, and Urumqi, respectively. Sleep quality and cardiorespiratory fitness level of secondary school students were evaluated by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI) combined with cardiorespiratory fitness test, and the association between sleep quality and cardiorespiratory fitness was analyzed by Pearson's correlation and multivariate linear regression. Results The report rate of poor sleep quality among secondary school students was 33.7%(1 926/5 713). The PSQI scores of girls aged 13-18 years were higher than those of boys (χ²=1.60, 12.78, 15.62, 3.04, 10.09, 13.65) (P < 0.05). The 20 m SRT of secondary school students was 40 (27, 51) times, and the VO₂max was 46.27 (40. 84, 51.30) mL/(kg · min). The 20 m SRT and VO₂max of girls of all ages were lower than those of boys(Z=-15.27 to -6.41, -18.06 to -14.07, P < 0.05). Cardiorespiratory fitness (VO₂max) was negatively correlated with sleep duration and hypnotic medication scores in boys (r=-0.032, -0.005); VO₂max was negatively correlated with sleep duration and daytime dysfunction scores in girls (r=-0.028, -0.008) (P < 0.05). After controlling the related variables, linear regression analysis showed that the total PSQI score was negatively correlated with VO₂max among secondary school students(β=-0.347, P < 0.01). Conclusions Secondary school students with better sleep quality have higher levels of cardiorespiratory fitness. Sleep quality should be promoted to improve cardiorespiratory fitness levels in secondary school students.
- Sleep /
- Heart /
- Lung /
- Mental health /
- Students
注释:

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表 1 各年龄组不同性别中学生睡眠质量差报告率比较

Table 1. Comparison of the reporting rate of poor sleep quality among secondary school students of different genders and age groups

年龄/岁	性别	人数	睡眠质量差	χ²值	P值
13	男	634	138(21.8)	4.60	0.03
	女	631	170(26.9)
14	男	710	181(25.5)	12.78	< 0.01
	女	652	224(34.4)
15	男	394	102(25.9)	15.62	< 0.01
	女	358	141(39.4)
16	男	387	143(37.0)	3.04	0.08
	女	414	178(43.0)
17	男	465	170(36.6)	10.09	< 0.01
	女	443	208(47.0)
18	男	318	115(36.2)	13.65	< 0.01
	女	307	156(50.8)
注： ()内数字为报告率/%。

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表 2 各年龄组不同性别中学生PSQI及各因子评分比较[M(P₂₅, P₇₅)]

Table 2. PSQI and scores of each factor in secondary school students of different genders and age groups[M(P₂₅, P₇₅)]

年龄/岁	性别	人数	统计值	睡眠质量	入睡时间	睡眠时间	睡眠效率	睡眠障碍	催眠药物	日间功能障碍	PSQI
13	男	634		1.0(0.0, 1.0)	1.0(0.0, 1.0)	0.0(0.0, 0.0)	0.0(0.0, 0.0)	1.0(0.0, 1.0)	0.0(0.0, 0.0)	1.0(0.0, 2.0)	3.0(2.0, 5.0)
	女	631		1.0(0.0, 1.0)	1.0(0.0, 1.0)	0.0(0.0, 0.0)	0.0(0.0, 0.0)	1.0(0.0, 1.0)	0.0(0.0, 0.0)	1.0(1.0, 2.0)	4.0(3.0, 6.0)
			Z值	-4.62	-1.68	-1.03	-1.00	-4.09	-1.20	-4.37	-5.04
			P值	< 0.01	0.09	0.30	0.32	< 0.01	0.23	< 0.01	< 0.01
14	男	710		1.0(0.0, 1.0)	1.0(0.0, 1.0)	0.0(0.0, 1.0)	0.0(0.0, 0.0)	1.0(0.0, 1.0)	0.0(0.0, 0.0)	1.0(1.0, 2.0)	4.0(2.0, 6.0)
	女	652		1.0(0.0, 1.0)	1.0(0.0, 2.0)	0.0(0.0, 1.0)	0.0(0.0, 0.0)	1.0(0.0, 1.0)	0.0(0.0, 0.0)	2.0(1.0, 2.0)	4.0(3.0, 6.0)
			Z值	-2.47	-1.28	-3.67	-1.81	-5.36	-2.76	-4.96	-5.11
			P值	0.01	0.20	< 0.01	0.07	0.00	0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01
15	男	394		1.0(0.0, 1.0)	1.0(0.0, 1.0)	0.0(0.0, 1.0)	0.0(0.0, 0.0)	1.0(0.0, 1.0)	0.0(0.0, 0.0)	1.0(0.0, 2.0)	4.0(2.0, 6.0)
	女	358		1.0(0.0, 1.0)	1.0(0.0, 1.0)	0.0(0.0, 1.0)	0.0(0.0, 0.0)	1.0(1.0, 1.0)	0.0(0.0, 0.0)	2.0(1.0, 3.0)	5.0(3.0, 7.0)
			Z值	-4.49	-1.45	-1.58	-1.35	-4.76	-1.34	-4.72	-5.09
			P值	< 0.01	0.15	0.11	0.18	< 0.01	0.18	< 0.01	< 0.01
16	男	387		1.0(0.0, 1.0)	1.0(0.0, 1.0)	1.0(0.0, 1.0)	0.0(0.0, 0.0)	1.0(0.0, 1.0)	0.0(0.0, 0.0)	2.0(1.0, 2.0)	5.0(3.0, 6.0)
	女	414		1.0(0.0, 1.0)	1.0(0.0, 1.0)	1.0(1.0, 1.0)	0.0(0.0, 0.0)	1.0(0.0, 1.0)	0.0(0.0, 0.0)	2.0(1.0, 3.0)	5.0(4.0, 7.0)
			Z值	-0.64	-1.01	-3.72	-1.68	-3.70	-0.59	-6.00	-3.78
			P值	0.52	0.31	< 0.01	0.09	< 0.01	0.55	< 0.01	< 0.01
17	男	465		1.0(0.0, 1.0)	1.0(0.0, 1.0)	1.0(1.0, 1.0)	0.0(0.0, 0.0)	1.0(0.0, 1.0)	0.0(0.0, 0.0)	2.0(1.0, 3.0)	5.0(3.0, 6.0)
	女	443		1.0(0.0, 1.0)	1.0(0.0, 1.0)	1.0(0.0, 1.0)	0.0(0.0, 0.0)	1.0(1.0, 1.0)	0.0(0.0, 0.0)	2.0(1.0, 3.0)	5.0(4.0, 7.0)
			Z值	-0.59	-0.46	-2.79	-1.03	-4.84	-0.19	-4.32	-4.03
			P值	0.56	0.65	0.01	0.31	< 0.01	0.85	< 0.01	< 0.01
18	男	318		1.0(0.0, 1.0)	0.0(0.0, 1.0)	1.0(0.0, 1.0)	0.0(0.0, 0.0)	1.0(0.0, 1.0)	0.0(0.0, 0.0)	2.0(1.0, 2.0)	5.0(3.0, 6.0)
	女	307		1.0(0.0, 1.0)	1.0(0.0, 1.0)	1.0(1.00, 2.0)	0.0(0.0, 0.0)	1.0(0.0, 1.0)	0.0(0.0, 0.0)	2.0(1.0, 2.0)	6.0(4.0, 7.0)
			Z值	-0.11	-0.56	-6.22	-0.78	-2.53	-0.59	-2.47	-3.82
			P值	0.91	0.57	< 0.01	0.44	0.01	0.55	0.01	< 0.01
总体	男	2 908		1.0(0.0, 1.0)	1.0(0.0, 1.0)	0.0(0.0, 1.0)	0.0(0.0, 0.0)	1.0(0.0, 1.0)	0.0(0.0, 0.0)	1.0(1.0, 2.0)	4.0(2.0, 6.0)
	女	2 805		1.0(0.0, 1.0)	1.0(0.0, 1.0)	1.0(0.0, 1.0)	0.0(0.0, 0.0)	1.0(1.0, 1.0)	0.0(0.0, 0.0)	2.0(1.0, 2.0)	5.0(3.0, 5.0)
			Z值	-5.58	-1.53	-6.91	-0.57	-10.37	-2.86	-10.87	-10.90
			P值	< 0.01	0.13	< 0.01	0.57	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01	< 0.01

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表 3 不同性别各年龄组中学生心肺耐力指标比较[M(P₂₅, P₇₅)]

Table 3. Comparison of cardiorespiratory endurance indexes of secondary school students of different genders and age groups [M(P₂₅, P₇₅)]

年龄/岁	性别	人数	统计值	20 m SRT/次	VO₂max[mL/(kg·min)]
13	男	634		40(24, 53)	46.30(41.35, 51.25)
	女	631		32(21, 41)	47.27(41.43, 52.22)
			Z值	-6.41	-14.07
14	男	710		47(31, 60)	46.75(40.95, 51.88)
	女	652		34(24, 43)	46.78(41.46, 51.92)
			Z值	-10.88	-18.94
15	男	394		48(32, 61)	47.43(42.27, 52.33)
	女	358		35(27, 42)	45.82(41.34, 50.09)
			Z值	-9.03	-14.33
16	男	387		50(35, 59)	45.00(38.88, 50.83)
	女	414		37(27, 44)	45.37(39.94, 50.86)
			Z值	-10.35	-15.37
17	男	465		52(39, 62)	46.00(40.53, 50.88)
	女	443		34(24, 40)	45.48(40.61, 49.94)
			Z值	-15.27	-18.06
18	男	318		50(36, 62)	44.68(40.04, 48.40)
	女	307		30(22, 37)	46.95(40.35, 53.38)
			Z值	-13.11	-14.98
总体	男	2 908		47(31, 60)	46.16(40.73, 51.32)
	女	2 805		34(24, 41)	46.37(40.94, 51.28)
			Z值	-25.67	-38.80
注：P值均 < 0.01。

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表 4 不同性别各年龄组中学生PSQI因子与VO₂max的相关性(r值)

Table 4. Correlation between sleep quality and VO₂max in secondary school students of different genders and age groups(r)

性别	年龄/岁	人数	PSQI	入睡时间	睡眠时间	睡眠效率	催眠药物	日间功能障碍
男	13	634	-0.061	-0.019	-0.022^**	0.031	0.006	-0.064^**
	14	710	-0.002	-0.026	-0.019	—	0.012	-0.027^**
	15	394	-0.038	-0.073	-0.050^**	0.008	-0.033	-0.031
	16	387	-0.065	-0.071^**	-0.021^**	—	0.040	-0.015^**
	17	465	-0.116^*	-0.107^*	0.022	—	-0.005^**	-0.042
	18	318	-0.043	-0.020	0.031	-0.064	0.027	-0.148^**
	小计	2 908	0.007	0.008^*	-0.032^**	-0.011	-0.005^**	0.023
女	13	631	-0.044	0.026	-0.054^**	—	-0.091^*	-0.008
	14	652	0.033	-0.077^*	0.007	0.021	-0.017^**	-0.011
	15	358	-0.026	0.002	0.007	—	-0.021	0.008
	16	414	-0.045^*	-0.036	0.006	0.040	-0.033	0.018
	17	443	-0.056^**	0.042	-0.054	-0.090	-0.102^*	-0.088^**
	18	307	-0.006	0.070	-0.071	-0.004	-0.089^**	-0.098^**
	小计	2 805	-0.001	0.000	-0.028^**	-0.001	-0.025	-0.008^*
注： ^* P < 0.05，^** P < 0.01。

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表 5 中学生睡眠质量与VO₂max线性回归分析(n=5 713)

Table 5. Linear regression analysis of sleep quality and VO₂max in secondary school students (n=5 713)

常量与自变量	β值	标准误	t值	P值
常量	49.935	0.580	86.027	＜0.01
入睡时间	0.380	0.210	1.808	0.07
睡眠时间	-0.384	0.202	-1.897	0.06
睡眠效率	1.338	2.014	0.664	0.51
催眠药物	0.450	0.315	1.428	0.15
日间功能障碍	-0.071	0.202	-0.354	0.72
PSQI总分	-0.347	0.119	-2.917	＜0.01

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