父母吸烟和在家二手烟暴露对青少年尝试吸烟影响

苏琦; 徐露婷; 石建辉; 曾新颖; 刘影; 祁明新; 曹远; 刘世炜

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025065

父母吸烟和在家二手烟暴露对青少年尝试吸烟影响

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2025065

苏琦¹,
徐露婷²,
石建辉²,
曾新颖¹,
刘影¹,
祁明新¹,
曹远^2, ,,
刘世炜^1, ,

1.
中国疾病预防控制中心控烟办公室, 北京 100050
2.
北京市疾病预防控制中心健康教育所

基金项目:

首都卫生发展科研专项重点攻关项目首发2024-1G-4221

详细信息

作者简介:
苏琦(1999-)，女，山西省人，在读硕士，主要研究方向为流行病与卫生统计学、青少年控烟

通讯作者:
曹远，E-mail: cywqf@163.com

刘世炜，E-mail: liusw@chinacdc.cn

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R179 F768.29 C913.5 G78
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-12-27
- 修回日期: 2025-01-05
- 刊出日期: 2025-03-25

Influence of parental smoking and household secondhand smoke exposure on adolescents smoking initiation

SU Qi¹,
XU Luting²,
SHI Jianhui²,
ZENG Xinying¹,
LIU Ying¹,
QI Mingxin¹,
CAO Yuan^{2
, ,},
LIU Shiwei^{1
, ,}

1.
Tobacco Control Office, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing (100050), China

摘要

摘要: 目的探索家庭烟草烟雾暴露环境对青少年尝试吸烟行为的影响，为控烟政策制定和效果评价提供参考。方法 2023年9—11月，采用分层整群随机抽样的方法选取北京市10个监测点(区县)的7 841名初、高中学生进行问卷调查。采用Rao-Scott χ²检验评估亚组间构成比的差异，采用复杂抽样设计的多因素Logistic回归分析探讨父母吸烟和在家二手烟暴露对青少年尝试吸烟行为的影响。结果 47.17%的青少年报告父母至少有一方吸烟，其中仅父亲吸烟报告率为42.36%，仅母亲吸烟报告率为0.73%，父母双方都吸烟报告率为4.08%。有34.66%的青少年报告过去7 d在家暴露于二手烟，其中过去7 d有1~2，3~4，5~7 d在家暴露于二手烟的报告率分别为10.98%，4.79%，18.89%。多因素Logistic回归分析显示，相较于父母都不吸烟，父亲吸烟和父母都吸烟的青少年尝试吸烟的比例更高[OR值(95%CI)分别为1.45(1.06~1.98)，3.73(2.18~6.37)，P值均＜0.05]。相较于过去7 d没有在家暴露于二手烟的青少年，有3~4或5~7 d在家暴露二手烟的青少年尝试吸烟的比例更高[OR值(95%CI)分别为2.21(1.27~3.84)，2.46(1.58~3.83)，P值均＜0.01]。结论家庭烟草烟雾暴露环境与青少年尝试吸烟行为存在关联。父母应尽可能戒烟，并禁止家庭内吸烟，为中学生创造一个无烟的家庭环境。
- 吸烟 /
- 烟草烟污染 /
- 回归分析 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To explore the impact of household tobacco smoke exposure on adolescents attempted smoking behavior, so as to provide a reference for tobacco control policy formulation and evaluation. Methods From September to November 2023, a stratified cluster random sampling method was employed to select 7 841 middle and high school students from 10 monitoring sites (districts/counties) in Beijing for a questionnaire survey. Rao-Scott Chi-square test was used to assess differences in proportions across subgroups, and complex sampling design-based multivariate Logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore the influence of parental smoking and secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure at home on adolescents attempted smoking behavior. Results About 47.17% of adolescents reported to have at least one parent smoked, with 42.36% reported of having only the father smoked, 0.73% reported of having only the mother smoked, and 4.08% reported of having both parents smoked. About 34.66% of middle and high school students were reported SHS exposure at home in the past 7 days, with 10.98%, 4.79% and 18.89% reported SHS exposure for 1-2, 3-4 and 5-7 days. Compared to adolescents with non-smoking parents, those with a smoking father or both smoking parents had higher rates of attempted smoking [OR(95%CI)=1.45(1.06-1.98), 3.73(2.18-6.37), P < 0.05]. Compared to adolescents without SHS exposure at home in the past 7 days, those exposed for 3-4 or 5-7 days had higher rates of attempted smoking [OR(95%CI)=2.21(1.27-3.84), 2.46(1.58-3.83), P < 0.01]. Conclusions Household tobacco smoke exposure is associated with adolescent attempted smoking behavior. Parents should quit smoking and prohibit smoking at home to create a smoke-free environment for adolescents.
- Smoking /
- Tobacco smoke pollution /
- Regression analysis /
- Students
注释:

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表 1 北京市不同性别和学校类型青少年父母吸烟报告率和在家二手烟暴露频率分布/%

Table 1. Distribution of parental smoking and frequency of secondhand smoke exposure at home among adolescents by genders and school types in Beijing/%

组别	选项	人数	父母吸烟报告率			过去7 d在家二手烟暴露频率
组别	选项	人数	仅父亲吸	仅母亲吸	都吸	0	1~2 d	3~4 d	5~7 d
性别	男	3 908	42.22(38.45~45.99)	0.58(0.32~0.84)	3.83(3.09~4.56)	65.15(62.51~67.80)	10.03(8.85~11.22)	5.20(4.35~6.04)	19.62(17.42~21.82)
	女	3 933	42.50(39.29~45.71)	0.88(0.50~1.26)	4.36(3.51~5.22)	65.53(62.50~68.56)	11.99(10.29~13.68)	4.36(3.23~5.50)	18.12(16.14~20.10)
学校类型	初中	3 954	42.02(37.21~46.83)	0.72(0.35~1.09)	3.74(2.90~4.58)	64.84(60.78~68.90)	11.43(10.05~12.81)	5.33(4.30~6.35)	18.40(15.65~21.15)
	普高	2 579	41.69(38.74~44.63)	0.65(0.46~0.83)	4.16(3.21~5.10)	66.37(62.90~69.85)	10.12(7.85~12.40)	4.01(3.21~4.80)	19.50(16.73~22.27)
	职高	1 308	47.44(43.93~50.95)	1.12(0.48~1.75)	6.24(4.47~8.00)	64.62(62.34~66.90)	11.28(8.70~13.86)	4.27(2.90~5.64)	19.83(16.01~23.66)
合计		7 841	42.36(39.33~45.38)	0.73(0.50~0.96)	4.08(3.46~4.71)	65.34(62.70~67.97)	10.98(9.81~12.15)	4.79(4.11~5.47)	18.89(16.98~20.80)
注：构成比为加权百分比；()内数字为95%CI。

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表 2 父母吸烟情况与青少年尝试吸烟行为的多因素Logistic回归分析[OR值(95%CI), n=7 841]

Table 2. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis of parental smoking status and adolescents smoking experimentation behavior[OR(95%CI), n=7 841]

自变量	选项	模型1	模型2	模型3
父母吸烟情况	都不吸	1.00	1.00	1.00
	父亲吸	1.66(1.34~2.06)^**	1.75(1.31~2.34)^**	1.45(1.06~1.98)^*
	母亲吸	1.53(0.62~3.78)	1.20(0.36~4.09)	1.10(0.33~3.63)
	都吸	3.78(2.52~5.67)^**	4.96(3.10~7.92)^**	3.73(2.18~6.37)^**
性别	女		1.00	1.00
	男		3.33(2.55~4.35)^**	2.55(1.91~3.41)^**
学校类型	初中		1.00	1.00
	普高		1.37(0.74~2.53)	1.02(0.57~1.83)
	职高		2.98(1.95~4.54)^**	2.19(1.46~3.29)^**
一周内可支配的零花钱/元	≤10		1.00	1.00
	11~30		0.90(0.42~1.93)	0.74(0.32~1.70)
	31~50		1.10(0.64~1.90)	0.97(0.56~1.67)
	>50		1.27(0.71~2.27)	0.89(0.52~1.53)
二手烟会不会产生危害	会			1.00
	不会			2.61(1.54~4.45)^**
过去30 d在校内是否看到老师吸烟	否			1.00
	是			1.77(1.32~2.39)^**
过去12个月是否在课堂上学习过烟草相关危害知识	否			1.00
	是			1.32(1.02~1.71)^*
好朋友中是否有人吸烟	否			1.00
	是			4.67(3.47~6.28)^**
过去7 d是否在室内公共场所、室外公共场所或	否			1.00
乘坐公共交通工具时看到有人吸烟	是			1.76(1.20~2.58)^**
过去30 d是否在互联网上看到过烟草广告	否			1.00
	是			0.96(0.66~1.38)
注： ^P＜0.05，^*P＜0.01。

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表 3 过去7 d在家二手烟暴露频率与青少年尝试吸烟行为的多因素Logistic回归分析[OR值(95%CI), n=7 841]

Table 3. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis of the frequency of secondhand smoke exposure at home in the past 7 days and adolescent smoking experimentation behavior[OR(95%CI), n=7 841]

自变量	选项	模型1	模型2	模型3
过去7 d在家二手烟暴露频率	0	1.00	1.00	1.00
	1~2	1.50(1.07~2.10)^*	1.78(1.15~2.77)^*	1.43(0.90~2.29)
	3~4	2.52(1.62~3.92)^**	2.90(1.57~5.37)^**	2.21(1.27~3.84)^**
	5~7	2.89(2.09~4.00)^**	3.41(2.26~5.15)^**	2.46(1.58~3.83)^**
性别	女		1.00	1.00
	男		3.34(2.58~4.32)^**	2.54(1.91~3.37)^**
学校类型	初中		1.00	1.00
	普高		1.40(0.76~2.57)	1.03(0.58~1.84)
	职高		3.27(2.16~4.97)^**	2.31(1.54~3.47)^**
一周内可支配的零花钱/元	≤10		1.00	1.00
	11~30		0.84(0.37~1.90)	0.71(0.30~1.69)
	31~50		1.11(0.61~2.03)	1.00(0.55~1.81)
	>50		1.23(0.67~2.27)	0.90(0.51~1.57)
二手烟会不会产生危害	会			1.00
	不会			2.59(1.49~4.53)^**
过去30 d在校内是否看到老师吸烟	否			1.00
	是			1.82(1.33~2.48)^**
过去12个月是否在课堂上学习过烟草相关危害	否			1.00
	是			1.34(1.03~1.74)^*
好朋友中是否有人吸烟	否			1.00
	是			4.51(3.39~6.00)^**
过去7 d是否在室内公共场所、室外公共场所或	否			1.00
乘坐公共交通工具时看到有人吸烟	是			1.48(1.05~2.10)^*
过去30 d是否在互联网上看到过烟草广告	否			1.00
	是			0.95(0.66~1.38)
注： ^P < 0.05，^*P < 0.01。

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