24 h活动行为对中心性肥胖中学生身体形态与心肺耐力影响的替代效益

李辉; 王乐

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024329

24 h活动行为对中心性肥胖中学生身体形态与心肺耐力影响的替代效益

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024329

李辉,
王乐

大连海洋大学体育部, 辽宁 116023

基金项目:

教育部产学合作协同育人项目 230802500260113

辽宁省教育科学“十四五”规划2022年度课题 JG22CB222

详细信息

作者简介:
李辉(1984-)，男，山东日照人，硕士，副教授，主要研究方向为中学生体质健康与运动训练

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R179 R723.14 G804.49
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-07-17
- 修回日期: 2024-09-12
- 网络出版日期: 2025-06-07
- 刊出日期: 2025-05-25

Alternative benefits of 24-hour activity behavior on the physical shape and cardiorespiratory endurance of middle school students with central obesity

LI Hui,
WANG Le

Sports Department of Dalian Ocean University, Dalian (116023), Liaoning Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的探究24 h活动行为改变对中心性肥胖中学生身体形态与心肺耐力产生的健康效益，为改善中心性肥胖中学生的健康状况提供参考依据。方法 2022年10—12月，采用随机数字表法从大连市4所中学(2所高中、2所初中)招募362名中心性肥胖中学生。使用国际体力活动问卷短卷与匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表了解学生24 h活动行为；测量受试者的身高、体重、腰围与体脂率、肺活量、心功能指数、最大摄氧量(VO_2max)，计算体质量指数(BMI)、腰围身高比(WHtR)；将身体形态与心肺耐力指标进行归一化，使用成分回归探究24 h活动行为与身体形态、心肺耐力之间的关联性；最终建立等时替代模型。结果成分回归结果显示，受试者睡眠与BMI、腰围、WHtR均呈正相关(β值分别为2.35，5.21，0.01)；久坐行为(SB)与肺活量、VO_2max均呈负相关(β值分别为-392.45，-1.01)，与BMI、腰围、WHtR、体脂率、心功能指数均呈正相关(β值分别为4.67，5.10，0.14，3.53，0.29)；低等强度体力活动(LPA)与BMI、体脂率、心功能指数均呈负相关(β值分别为-2.03，-3.70，-0.82)，与肺活量、VO_2max均呈正相关(β值分别为322.23，0.50)；中高强度体力活动(MVPA)与BMI、腰围、WHtR、体脂率、心功能指数均呈负相关(β值分别为-0.48，-1.20，-0.20，-4.53，-1.12)，与肺活量、VO_2max均呈正相关(β值分别为393.13，1.51)(P值均 < 0.05)。增加30 min的MVPA同时减少SB对BMI、腰围、WHtR、体脂率、心功能指数产生0.17~2.05个单位的降低效益，对肺活量、VO_2max产生0.38~0.43个单位的增加；当MVPA被SB替代时产生的负效益最大，BMI、腰围、WHtR、体脂率、心功能指数将升高0.23~3.06个单位(P值均 < 0.05)。结论改变肥胖中学生的24 h行为模式能够产生明显健康效益，每天增加30 min的MVPA同时减少SB能够降低中学生的腰围、WHtR和体脂率，同时提高心肺耐力。
- 运动活动 /
- 肥胖症 /
- 身体测量 /
- 心脏 /
- 肺 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To investigate the health benefits of 24-hour activity behavioral changes on the physical shape and cardiorespiratory endurance of middle school students with central obesity, so as to provide a basis for improving the health status of middle school students with central obesity. Methods From October to December 2022, a total of 362 middle school students with central obesity were recruited from 4 middle schools (2 senior high schools and 2 junior high schools) in Dalian by using the random number table method. The 24-hour activity behavior was understood using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire short form and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. The height, weight, waist circumference, body fat percentage, lung capacity, heart function index, maximum oxygen uptake (VO_2max) of the subjects were measured, and body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were calculated. Physical shape and cardiorespiratory endurance indicators were normalized, and the component regression was used to explore the correlation between 24-hour activity behavior and physical shape, as well as cardiorespiratory endurance; finally, an isochronous replacement model was established. Results The results of the component regression showed that sleep of the participants was positively correlated with BMI, waist circumference, and WHtR (β=2.35, 5.21, 0.01); and sedentary behavior (SB) was negatively correlated with lung capacity and VO_2max (β=-392.45, -1.01), and positively correlated with BMI, waist circumference, WHtR, body fat percentage and cardiac function index (β=4.67, 5.10, 0.14, 3.53, 0.29) (P < 0.05). Low physical activity (LPA) was negatively correlated with BMI, WHtR, body fat percentage and cardiac function index (β=-2.03, -3.70, -0.82), and positively correlated with lung capacity and VO_2max (β=322.23, 0.50) (P < 0.05). Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) had a negative correlation with BMI, waist circumference, WHtR, body fat percentage and heart function index (β=-0.48, -1.20, -0.20, -4.53, -1.12), and a positive correlation with lung capacity and VO_2max (β=393.13, 1.51) (P < 0.05). Increasing MVPA for 30 minutes while reducing SB resulted in a decrease of 0.17-2.05 units in BMI, waist circumference, WHtR, body fat percentage and heart function index, and an increase of 0.38-0.43 units in lung capacity and VO_2max (P < 0.05). When MVPA was replaced by SB, the negative benefits were the greatest, with BMI, waist circumference, WHtR, body fat percentage and heart function index increasing by 0.23-3.06 units (P < 0.05). Conclusions Shifts in the 24-hour behavior pattern among obese middle school students may result in significant health benefits. Increasing MVPA by 30 minutes per day while reducing SB can reduce waist circumference, WHtR and body fat percentage, while also improve cardiorespiratory endurance.
- Motor activity /
- Obesity /
- Body size /
- Heart /
- Lung /
- Students
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表 1 中学生24 h活动行为与身体形态、心肺耐力关联的成分回归分析(n=362，β值)

Table 1. Principle component regression of association between 24-hour activity behavior, physical shape and cardiorespiratory endurance among middle school students(n=362, β)

变量	SLP	SB	LPA	MVPA
BMI	2.35^**	4.67^**	-2.03^*	-0.48^**
腰围	5.21^*	5.10^*	0.84	-1.20^**
WHtR	0.01^*	0.14^*	-0.11	-0.20^*
体脂率	2.02	3.53^*	-3.70^*	-4.53^*
肺活量	-393.10	-392.45^*	322.23^*	393.13^**
心功能指数	0.63	0.29^*	-0.82^*	-1.12^**
VO_2max	-0.50	-1.01^*	0.50^*	1.51^*
注：^P < 0.05，^*P < 0.01。

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表 2 中学生30 min活动行为等时替代对身体形态、心肺耐力的替代效益(n=362)

Table 2. Substitution benefits of 30 minutes activity behavior as a substitute for physical shape and cardiorespiratory endurance among middle school students(n=362)

指标	身体行为	SB↓	LPA↓	MVPA↓	SLP↓
BMI	SB↑	—	0.16	1.92^*	0.03
	LPA↑	-0.16	—	1.57^*	-0.12
	MVPA↑	-1.29^**	-0.83^*	—	-1.25^*
	SLP↑	-0.04	0.13	1.79^*	—
腰围	SB↑	—	0.06	3.06^**	0.09
	LPA↑	-0.07^*	—	3.00^*	0.02
	MVPA↑	-2.05^**	-1.99^**	—	-1.96^**
	SLP↑	-0.09	0.03	2.97^**	—
WHtR	SB↑	—	0.00	0.33^*	0.00
	LPA↑	0.13^*	—	0.21^*	0.15
	MVPA↑	-0.27^**	0.11^*	—	-0.19^*
	SLP↑	0.08	0.05	0.11^*	—
体脂率	SB↑	—	0.38^**	0.54^**	0.28^*
	LPA↑	-0.37^**	—	0.14^*	-0.09
	MVPA↑	-0.43^**	-0.05	—	-0.05
	SLP↑	-0.28^*	0.11	0.14^*	—
肺活量	SB↑	—	0.38	-0.41^**	0.28
	LPA↑	0.37^*	—	-0.24^*	-0.09
	MVPA↑	0.43^**	0.25^*	—	0.15^*
	SLP↑	0.28	0.11	0.14	—
心功能指数	SB↑	—	0.18^**	0.23^**	-0.02
	LPA↑	-0.07^*	—	0.17^**	-0.10
	MVPA↑	-0.17^**	0.08^*	—	-0.09^*
	SLP↑	0.02	0.10	0.13	—
VO_2max	SB↑	—	-0.17^**	-0.34^**	0.03
	LPA↑	-0.16^*	—	-0.50^**	-0.12
	MVPA↑	0.38^**	0.28^**	—	0.2^**
	SLP↑	-0.04	-0.13^*	-0.37^**	—
注：^P < 0.05，^*P < 0.01；数据为标准化后的效应值。↑代表行为增加30 min，↓代表行为减少30 min。

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