中国儿童青少年身体活动的地区差异性

彭李奥; 柳鸣毅; 敬艳; 孔年欣; 尹子康; 蔡静洁

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024288

中国儿童青少年身体活动的地区差异性

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024288

彭李奥^{1, 2, 3},
柳鸣毅^{1, 2, 3, ,},
敬艳^{1, 3},
孔年欣^{1, 2, 3},
尹子康^{1, 2, 3},
蔡静洁^{1, 2, 3}

1.
武汉体育学院中国青少年体育与体教融合公共政策研究中心, 湖北 430079
2.
武汉体育学院运动训练学院
3.
武汉体育学院特色竞技体育高质量发展研究中心

基金项目:

湖北省教育科学规划项目 2023ZD012

"十四五"省级优势特色学科群鄂教研[2021]5号

湖北省教育厅科学技术研究项目 Q20234103

详细信息

作者简介:
彭李奥(2001-), 男, 湖南邵阳人, 在读硕士, 主要研究方向为体育公共政策与体育公共治理及青少年体育

通讯作者:
柳鸣毅, E-mail: mingyi84@aliyun.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R179 G806 G479
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-05-11
- 修回日期: 2024-07-15
- 网络出版日期: 2024-10-08
- 刊出日期: 2024-09-25

Regional variations in physical activity among children and adolescents in China

PENG Li'ao^{1, 2, 3},
LIU Mingyi^{1, 2, 3
, ,},
JING Yan^{1, 3},
KONG Nianxin^{1, 2, 3},
YIN Zikang^{1, 2, 3},
CAI Jingjie^{1, 2, 3}

1.
China Youth Sports and Integration of Sport and Education Public Policy Research Center, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan (430079), Hubei Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解中国不同地区儿童青少年身体活动的现状及差异, 为提升中国儿童青少年整体身体活动水平提供科学参考。方法于2023年6—12月, 采用"奔跑吧·少年"全国儿童青少年主题健身活动学员满意度测评问卷, 以线上与线下相结合的问卷调查方式, 对参与2023年"奔跑吧·少年"活动的397 013名儿童青少年进行调查。采用描述性统计、Logistic回归等方法对数据进行分析。结果中国东北、西北、华北、华东、华中、西南地区儿童青少年身体活动达标率分别为10.27%, 11.79%, 9.32%, 8.48%, 8.81%, 7.30%, 差异有统计学意义(χ²=33.48, P＜0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示, 西北地区、男生、16~18岁、城市儿童青少年身体活动达标率相对较高(OR值分别为1.12, 1.68, 0.60, 1.88, P值均＜0.05)。调整混杂因素后, 二元Logistic回归分析结果显示, 地区、年龄、性别和城乡分布的交互作用与儿童青少年身体活动存在交互效应关系(OR=0.51, P＜0.01);基于性别分析, 各地区男生每周身体活动时间均高于女生; 基于年龄分析, 除华中和西南地区外, 其余地区儿童青少年每周身体活动时间达标率均随年龄增长而上升; 基于城乡占比分析, 各地区城市儿童青少年每周身体活动时间达标率均高于乡镇。结论中国西北地区儿童青少年身体活动达标率最高, 各地区之间差异并不显著; 各地区男生身体活动参与度及身体活动水平均高于女生, 城市身体活动达标率均高于乡镇。
- 运动活动 /
- 回归分析 /
- 儿童 /
- 青少年
Abstract: Objective To understand the current situation and differences in physical activity among children and adolescents in different regions of China, so as to provide a scientific reference for promoting the level of overall physical activity promotion among children and adolescents in China. Methods From June to December 2023, the student satisfaction assessment questionnaire for the national children and adolescents' theme fitness activity "Run, Youth!" was conducted, which was administered via a combined online and offline questionnaire survey to explore 397 013 students participation in the "Run, Youth!" activity in 2023. Descriptive statistics, Logistic regression, and other approaches were utilized for data analysis. Results There were notable disparities in the rates of children and adolescents meeting the physical activity standards among northeast China, northwest China, north China, east China, central China and southwest China (10.27%, 11.79%, 9.32%, 8.48%, 8.81%, 7.30%) (χ²=33.48, P < 0.05). The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that rate of recommended level of physical activity among children in northwest China, boys, children aged 16-18, children in urban areas were relatively high (OR=1.12, 1.68, 0.60, 1.88, P < 0.05). After adjusting for confounding factors, the results of binary Logistic regression analysis showed that there was an interactive effect relationship between the interaction of region, age, gender, and urban-rural distribution and physical activity among children and adolescents (OR=0.51, P < 0.01). Based on gender analysis, weekly physical activity duration of boys in each region surpassed that of girls; based on age analysis, except for the central and southwestern regions, weekly physical activity duration of children and adolescents gradually increased with age in other regions; based on the proportion of urban and rural areas, weekly physical activity duration of children and adolescents in urban areas across all regions exceeded that in rural areas. Conclusions The attainment rate of sufficient physical activity among children and adolescents in northwest China is the highest, and the differences between regions are not significant. The participation and level of physical activity of male students in each region surpass those of females and the attainment rate of physical activity of physical activity of urban children and adolescents is higher than that of those in rural areas.
- Motor activity /
- Regression analysis /
- Child /
- Adolescent
注释:

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图 1 不同地区不同特征组儿童青少年身体活动达标率比较

Figure 1. Comparison of physical activity compliance rates among children and adolescents in different regional and characteristic groups

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表 1 不同地区儿童青少年身体活动各指标比较(x±s)

Table 1. Comparison of various physical activity among children and adolescents in different regions(x±s)

地区	人数	每周身体活动频次	每次身体活动时间/min	每周身体活动时间/min
东北	11 791	4.24±1.90	33.77±17.78	156.23±125.03
西北	202 937	4.35±1.91	35.32±18.52	165.13±128.80
华北	48 810	4.24±1.90	34.26±17.94	160.05±128.66
华东	21 347	4.55±1.98	33.80±17.61	164.06±124.86
华中	10 429	4.00±1.87	33.66±17.64	146.27±119.45
西南	101 699	4.13±1.84	32.58±17.38	146.24±117.69
F值		396.41	140.83	242.01
P值		0.02	0.03	0.02

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表 2 不同组别儿童青少年身体活动水平达标率比较

Table 2. Comparison of compliance rates of physical activity levels among children and adolescents in different groups

组别	选项	人数	达标人数	χ²值	P值
地区	东北	11 791	1 211(10.27)	33.48	＜0.01
	西北	202 937	23 927(11.79)
	华北	48 810	4 550(9.32)
	华东	21 347	1 811(8.48)
	华中	10 429	919(8.81)
	西南	101 699	7 428(7.30)
性别	男	199 867	24 528(12.27)	2 228.15	＜0.01
	女	197 146	15 318(7.77)
年龄/岁	7~9	88 401	7 963(9.01)	731.95	＜0.01
	10~12	144 513	13 795(9.55)
	13~15	117 040	11 782(10.07)
	16~18	47 059	6 306(13.40)
城乡	城市	229 484	28 198(12.29)	3 052.23	＜0.01
	乡镇	167 529	11 648(6.95)
注：()内数字为达标率/%。

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表 3 儿童青少年身体活动水平相关因素的多因素Logistic回归分析(n=397 013)

Table 3. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis of factors related to physical activity level in children and adolescents(n=397 013)

自变量与常量	选项	β值	标准误	Wald χ²值	P值	OR值(95%CI)
地区	西南			111.32	＜0.01	1.00
	东北	0.45	0.04	281.25	＜0.01	1.57(1.55~1.63)
	华北	0.20	0.03	22.22	＜0.01	1.22(1.20~1.36)
	华东	0.15	0.03	16.67	＜0.01	1.12(1.10~1.22)
	西北	0.55	0.01	550.64	＜0.01	1.71(1.68~1.78)
	华中	0.17	0.02	42.50	＜0.01	1.19(1.15~1.20)
性别	女生					1.00
	男生	0.51	0.01	2171.54	＜0.01	1.68(1.63~1.70)
年龄/岁	7~9					1.00
	10~12	0.27	0.02	67.50	＜0.01	1.62(1.60~1.65)
	13~15	0.35	0.02	87.76	＜0.01	1.69(1.67~1.70)
	16~18	0.52	0.02	130.20	＜0.01	1.72(1.69~1.73)
城乡	乡镇					1.00
	城市	0.63	0.01	2912.41	＜0.01	1.88(1.84~1.93)
常量		-2.61	0.02	514.42	＜0.01

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