重庆市沙坪坝区儿童百日咳发病的相关因素分析

胡倩; 孙诗恒; 黄子权; 冯书蓉; 徐茜; 杨连建; 支倩

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024282

重庆市沙坪坝区儿童百日咳发病的相关因素分析

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024282

重庆市沙坪坝区疾病预防控制中心，400038

基金项目:

重庆市沙坪坝区2023年度技术创新与应用发展项目 202304

详细信息

作者简介:
胡倩(1997-)，女，重庆市人，硕士，公卫医师，主要从事传染病预防控制工作

通讯作者:
支倩，E-mail：18686562@qq.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R179 R181.3⁺² R516.6
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-07-08
- 修回日期: 2024-08-20
- 网络出版日期: 2024-10-08
- 刊出日期: 2024-09-25

Analysis of the related factors of pertussis incidence among children in Shapingba District, Chongqing

Chongqing Shapingba District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing (400038), China

摘要

摘要: 目的探索重庆市沙坪坝区儿童百日咳发病的相关因素, 为优化百日咳疫情防控措施提供科学依据。方法选取2024年1-5月重庆市沙坪坝区辖区内医院明确诊断百日咳的新发病例作为病例组, 按照1:1匹配原则(与病例住同一街道, 与病例性别相同且年龄相差不过1岁)选取对照组, 共计纳入病例和对照各200名, 采用自行设计的0~12岁儿童百日咳问卷进行调查。采用条件Logistic回归模型分析儿童百日咳发病的影响因素。结果多因素条件Logistic回归分析结果显示, 家人吸烟、发病前21 d儿童接触有咳嗽症状的人、发病前21 d儿童照看人去过人口密集场所的儿童百日咳发病风险较高[OR值(95%CI)分别为1.97(1.00~3.86), 11.23(5.27~23.95), 9.57(3.16~28.99)], 较大的家庭居住面积(100~150, >150 m²)和儿童外出回家后洗手的儿童百日咳发病风险较低[OR值(95%CI)分别为0.57(0.21~0.96), 0.38(0.18~0.74), 0.13(0.02~0.61), P值均 < 0.05]。结论重庆市沙坪坝区儿童百日咳发病主要受发病前的暴露情况、居住面积和手卫生的影响。应加大手卫生、戴口罩、勤通风和减少去人口密集场所等非特异性公共卫生措施的健康宣教, 以减少儿童百日咳的发病率。
- 百日咳 /
- 回归分析 /
- 儿童
Abstract: Objective To identify related factors for pertussis among children in Shapingba District, Chongqing, so as to provide a scientific basis for optimizing pertussis epidemic prevention and control measures. Methods From January to May 2024, newly diagnosed cases of pertussis in hospitals within the jurisdiction of Shapingba District, Chongqing were selected as the case group, and the cases of control group were selected according to the 1:1 matching principle (living on the same street as the case, of the same gender as the case, and with an age difference of no more than 1 year).A total of 200 children in the case group and 200 children in the control were included, and a self-designed pertussis questionnaire for children aged 0-12 years was used for investigation.A conditional Logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of pertussis incidence. Results Multivariate conditional Logistic analysis showed that family members smoking, children coming into contact with people with cough symptoms 21 d before the onset of the disease, and caregivers visiting densely populated areas 21 d before the onset of the disease had a higher risk of pertussis in children[OR(95%CI)=1.97(1.00-3.86), 11.23(5.27-23.95), 9.57(3.16-28.99)], and larger residential areas (100-150, >150 m²) and children washing their hands after going out and returning home had a lower risk of pertussis in children[OR(95%CI)=0.57(0.21-0.96), 0.38(0.18-0.74), 0.13(0.02-0.61)](P < 0.05). Conclusions The incidence of pertussis in children in Shapingba District, Chongqing is mainly affected by exposure, living area, and hand hygiene before the onset of the disease.Therefore, health education on non-specific public health measures such as hand hygiene, wearing masks, frequent ventilation and reducing access to densely populated places should be strengthened to reduce the incidence of pertussis in children.
- Whooping cough /
- Regression analysis /
- Child
注释:

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表 1 重庆市沙坪坝区儿童百日咳发病的单因素分析

Table 1. Single factor analysis of the influencing factors of pertussis in children in Shapingba District of Chongqing

自变量	病例组 (n=200)	对照组 (n=200)	OR值(95%CI)	自变量	病例组 (n=200)	对照组 (n=200)	OR值(95%CI)
BMI分类				发病前21 d照看人是否去过人口密集场所
消瘦	25	27	1.00	否	5	114	1.00
正常	142	140	1.11(0.59~2.06)	是	195	86	55.50(13.70~224.68)^*
超重	19	17	1.21(0.51~2.87)	儿童在公众场合是否戴口罩
肥胖	14	16	0.96(0.39~2.35)	否	190	124	1.00
基础病史				是	10	76	0.08(0.03~0.19)^*
无	176	192	1.00	儿童饭前便后是否洗手
有	24	8	4.20(1.58~11.13)^*	否	74	1	1.00
家庭居住面积/m²				是	126	199	0.01(0.00~0.09)^*
＜100	132	54	1.00	儿童外出回家后是否洗手
100~150	57	104	0.20(0.12~0.35)^*	否	91	5	1.00
＞150	11	42	0.09(0.04~0.21)^*	是	109	195	0.06(0.02~0.14)^*
照看人文化程度				儿童发病前21 d是否接触过有咳嗽症状的人
小学及以下	17	3	1.00	否	25	155	1.00
初中	34	7	1.13(0.23~5.39)	是	175	45	22.66(10.01~51.34)^*
高中/职高/中专	32	24	0.29(0.08~1.08)	照看人近1年是否接种过流感疫苗
大专/大学	103	142	0.16(0.04~0.56)^*	否	187	156	1.00
研究生及以上	14	24	0.11(0.02~0.44)^*	是	13	44	0.26(0.13~0.51)^*
家长职业类型				儿童近1年是否接种过流感疫苗
教育	21	25	0.86(0.43~1.73)	否	125	97	1.00
医疗	6	37	0.09(0.02~0.32)^*	是	85	103	0.72(0.49~1.05)
服务	31	42	0.69(0.38~1.22)	儿童近5年是否接种过肺炎疫苗
家务及待业	53	28	1.72(0.91~3.24)	否	108	80	1.00
其他	89	68	1.00	是	92	120	0.51(0.33~0.80)^*
家人是否吸烟				儿童是否接种过百日咳疫苗
否	71	139	1.00	否	4	5	1.00
是	129	61	3.83(2.41~6.05)^*	是	196	195	1.50(0.25~8.97)
儿童是否锻炼				儿童发病前21 d是否曾服用药物
否	147	58	1.00	否	184	189	1.00
是	53	142	0.14(0.08~0.25)^*	是	16	11	1.44(0.67~3.13)
儿童每周锻炼次数				儿童发病前21 d是否去过医院
≥4	9	97	0.51(0.33~0.76)^*	否	177	190	1.00
< 4	191	103	1.00	是	23	10	2.85(1.20~6.75)^*
注： ^* P < 0.05。

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