Association between physical exercise, exercise motivation with mental health among vocational college students
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摘要:
目的 探究高职大学生心理健康状况及其与体育锻炼、运动动机之间的关联, 为高职大学生体育锻炼促进、运动动机调节以及保护心理健康策略的制定提供数据支撑。 方法 于2023年6月2日—7月2日, 采用方便抽样方法选取四川、重庆、贵州3所高职院校1 763名学生进行调查。采用体育活动等级量表(PARS-3)、身体运动动机量表简化版(MPAM-R)、患者健康自评问卷(PHQ-9)和心盛量表(FS)评估高职大学生体育锻炼、运动动机、抑郁症状和心盛水平。通过多元线性回归分析考察体育锻炼、运动动机与心理健康消极指标抑郁症状、心理健康积极指标心盛的关系。 结果 高职大学生体育锻炼、运动动机及其5个因子与抑郁症状得分均呈负相关(r=-0.162~-0.133, P值均＜0.01);体育锻炼、健康动机和乐趣动机与高职大学生心盛及其8个因子均呈正相关(r=0.054~0.099, P值均＜0.05)。不同体育锻炼和运动动机水平的高职大学生抑郁症状得分和心盛得分差异均有统计学意义(F值分别为11.18~15.69, 2.80~16.05, P值均＜0.05)。多元线性回归分析显示, 体育锻炼、健康动机和运动动机总分与高职大学生抑郁症状呈负性相关(β值分别为-0.02, -0.11, -0.35), 体育锻炼、健康动机、乐趣动机和运动动机总分与高职大学生心盛呈正性相关(β值分别为0.31, 0.32, 0.50, 0.30)(P值均＜0.05)。 结论 体育锻炼、运动动机与高职大学生心理健康存在关联。应加强体育锻炼和提升健康、乐趣等方面的运动动机, 促进高职大学生心理健康。 Abstract:Objective To explore mental health status of vocational college students and its association with physical exercise and exercise motivation, so as to provide data support for the promotion of physical exercise, exercise motivation theory and the protection of mental health among vocational college students. Methods From June 2 to July 2, 2023, a convenience sampling method was used to select 1 763 college students from three vocational colleges in Sichuan, Chongqing, and Guizhou for the survey. Physical Activity Rating Scale (PARS-3), Motives for Physical Activities Measure-Revised (MPAM-R), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Flourishing Scale (FS) were used to assess physical exercise, exercise motivation, depressive symptoms and flourishing levels of vocational college students. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between physical exercise, exercise motivation, depression as the negative indicator of mental health and flourishing as the positive indicator of mental health. Results There were negative correlations between physical exercise, exercise motivation and their five factors with depression scores among vocational college students (r=-0.162--0.133, P < 0.01). Physical exercise, health motivation and pleasure motivation were positively correlated with flourishing and its eight factors among vocational college students (r=0.054-0.099, P < 0.05). Depression scores and flourishing scores varied significantly across students with different levels of physical exercise and exercise motivation (F=11.18-15.69, 2.80-16.05, P < 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that physical exercise, health motivation, and total exercise motivation scores were negatively correlated with depressive symptoms (β=-0.02, -0.11, -0.35), and physical exercise, health motivation, pleasure motivation, and total exercise motivation scores were positively correlated with flourishing (β=0.31, 0.32, 0.50, 0.30) (P < 0.05). Conclusions Physical exercise and exercise motivation are significantly associated with mental health of vocational college students. Enhancing physical exercise and increasing exercise motivation in aspects of health and pleasure can promote mental health of vocational college students. -
Key words:
- Exercise movement techniques /
- Motor activity /
- Motivation /
- Mental health /
- Regression analysis /
- Students
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表 1 高职大学生体育锻炼、运动动机与抑郁症状、心盛相关性分析(r值，n=1 763)
Table 1. Correlation analysis of physical exercise, exercise motivation and depression, flourishing among vocational college students (r, n=1 763)
变量 体育锻炼 外貌动机 健康动机 乐趣动机 能力动机 社交动机 运动动机总分 抑郁症状 -0.148** -0.133** -0.157** -0.160** -0.142** -0.152** -0.162** 生活目标意义感 0.087** 0.036 0.088** 0.058* 0.004 -0.009 0.038 社会关系支持感 0.059* 0.044 0.087** 0.054* 0.014 0.012 0.045 从事工作兴趣感 0.073** 0.031 0.087* 0.070** 0.009 0.022 0.047* 他人幸福奉献感 0.086** 0.047 0.086** 0.076** 0.030 0.020 0.057* 解决事情能力感 0.095** 0.031 0.097** 0.068** -0.005 -0.010 0.030 生活状态满意感 0.084** 0.014 0.071** 0.057* -0.012 -0.008 0.026 未来前景乐观感 0.095** 0.055* 0.097* 0.093** 0.030 0.030 0.069** 受到他人尊重感 0.065** 0.058* 0.097** 0.079** 0.007 0.020 0.056* 心盛总分 0.094** 0.044 0.099** 0.077** 0.012 0.012 0.052* 注：*P＜0.05，**P＜0.01。 
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表 2 不同体育锻炼水平高职大学生抑郁症状、心盛得分比较(x±s)
Table 2. Comparison of depression and flourishing among vocational college students at different levels of physical exercise (x±s)
组别 人数 抑郁症状 生活目标意义感 社会关系支持感 从事工作兴趣感 他人幸福奉献感 解决事情能力感 生活状态满意感 未来前景乐观感 受到他人尊重感 心盛总分 高水平组 143 3.86±1.61 5.22±1.98 6.17±1.87 5.26±1.82 5.21±1.72 5.48±1.87 6.41±1.85 5.51±1.88 5.47±1.79 44.72±13.81 中等水平组 192 5.37±1.50 4.26±1.73 4.22±1.65 4.25±1.58 4.45±1.55 4.53±1.52 4.42±1.53 4.43±1.55 4.60±1.53 35.16±10.92 低水平组 1 428 5.93±1.81 3.29±1.63 3.31±1.54 3.33±1.49 3.39±1.48 3.52±1.48 3.46±1.39 3.47±1.49 3.55±1.48 30.33±10.78 F值 12.73 12.67 15.69 13.39 11.18 12.08 16.13 12.11 13.33 20.21 P值 ＜0.01 ＜0.01 ＜0.01 ＜0.01 ＜0.01 ＜0.01 ＜0.01 ＜0.01 ＜0.01 ＜0.01
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表 3 不同运动动机水平下高职大学生抑郁症状、心盛得分比较(x±s)
Table 3. Comparison of depression and flourishing among vocational college students at different levels of exercise motivation(x±s)
组别 人数 抑郁症状 生活目标意义感 社会关系支持感 从事工作兴趣感 他人幸福奉献感 解决事情能力感 生活状态满意感 未来前景乐观感 受到他人尊重感 心盛总分 高水平组 482 4.79±1.47 4.44±2.00 4.45±1.90 4.50±1.92 4.57±1.87 4.67±1.90 4.58±1.91 4.66±1.87 4.77±1.86 36.64±13.98 中等水平组 790 5.76±1.49 4.28±1.50 4.30±1.42 4.32±1.33 4.41±1.30 4.50±1.32 4.45±1.30 4.40±1.33 4.51±1.32 35.27±9.55 低水平组 491 6.51±1.39 4.12±1.55 4.10±1.47 4.14±1.38 4.18±1.41 4.38±1.40 4.35±1.42 4.26±1.45 4.38±1.40 33.91±9.92 F值 16.05 4.53 6.03 6.67 8.30 4.35 2.80 8.55 8.39 7.44 P值 ＜0.01 0.01 ＜0.01 ＜0.01 ＜0.01 0.01 0.06 ＜0.01 ＜0.01 ＜0.01
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表 4 体育锻炼、运动动机对高职大学生抑郁症状和心盛影响的多元线性回归分析(n=1 763)
Table 4. Multiple linear regression analysis of physical exercise and exercise motivation on depression and flourishing among vocational college students(n=1 763)
自变量与常数 抑郁症状 心盛 B值 标准误 β值 t值 P值 B值 标准误 β值 t值 P值 体育锻炼 -0.03 0.01 -0.02 -4.41 ＜0.01 1.13 0.22 0.31 3.55 ＜0.01 健康动机 -0.04 0.12 -0.11 -3.31 ＜0.01 1.25 0.28 0.32 4.49 ＜0.01 乐趣动机 -0.02 0.03 -0.05 -1.39 0.07 1.27 0.35 0.50 3.61 ＜0.01 运动动机总分 -0.14 0.08 -0.35 -3.62 ＜0.01 1.04 0.19 0.30 2.28 0.01 常数项 8.51 0.45 18.73 ＜0.01 31.83 1.06 30.16 ＜0.01
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