职校学生不同类型领悟社会支持关联因素的纵向研究

刘汗青; 许曙青; 汤表倩; 李艺扬; 蒋泓; 王书梅

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024266

职校学生不同类型领悟社会支持关联因素的纵向研究

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024266

1.
复旦大学公共卫生学院, 上海 200032
2.
江苏联合职业技术学院南京工程分院

基金项目:

2021年江苏省社会科学基金项目 21GLD015

详细信息

作者简介:
刘汗青(1999-), 女, 山东菏泽人, 在读硕士, 主要研究方向为儿童青少年健康

通讯作者:
蒋泓, E-mail: h_jiang@fudan.edu.cn

王书梅, E-mail: smwang@fudan.edu.cn

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R179 G444 G478 G78
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-06-20
- 修回日期: 2024-07-03
- 网络出版日期: 2024-10-08
- 刊出日期: 2024-09-25

Longitudinal study on the associated factors of different types of precieved social support for vocational school students

1.
School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai (200032), China

摘要

摘要: 目的探究职校学生领悟社会支持水平及关联因素, 为职校学生社会支持网络的精细化构建提供依据。方法采用多阶段整群与方便抽样相结合的方法, 2021年11月选取上海市和江苏省的11 767名职校学生, 随访调查于2022年11月开展, 使用自编的电子问卷, 内容包含个人、家庭、学校信息和儿童及青少年社会支持量表(CASSS)。通过广义线性估计方程进行关联因素分析。结果基线和随访调查职校学生的领悟社会支持百分制总分分别为(66.13±20.46)和(67.65±21.18)分。广义线性估计方程结果显示, 在个人特征方面, 女生领悟到的情感性支持和评价性支持均高于男生(B值分别为0.60, 0.68);性格偏外向、不吸烟、不饮酒、每周运动≥1次、睡眠质量较好和很好与领悟社会支持总分和不同类型得分均呈正相关, 每日上网时间>2 h与领悟社会支持总分和不同类型得分均呈负相关(B值分别为1.03~4.49, -4.04~-0.58)(P值均＜0.05)。在家庭特征方面, 父母非在婚、与(外)祖父母共同居住与领悟社会支持总分和不同类型得分均呈负相关; 家庭收入满意度(一般、满意、很满意)、父母文化程度在初中及以上等家庭特征与领悟社会支持总分和不同类型得分均呈正相关(B值分别为-1.34~-0.37, 0.57~2.37, P值均＜0.05)。在学校特征方面, 无校园欺凌经历、同性或异性朋友数量>1个与领悟社会支持总分和不同类型得分均呈正相关, 未担任学生组织干部与领悟社会支持总分和不同类型得分均呈负相关(B值分别为1.21~5.04, -2.00~-0.76, P值均＜0.05)。结论职校学生领悟社会支持水平有较大提升空间。应根据职校学生领悟社会支持的个人、家庭和学校等相关因素, 针对性提升职校学生的领悟社会支持水平。
- 社会支持 /
- 精神卫生 /
- 线性模型 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To explore perceived social support levels of vocational school students and associated factors, so as to provide a basis for the fine-tuned construction of social support networks for vocational school students. Methods Adopting a combination of multi-stage cluster sampling and convenience sampling method, a sample of 11 767 vocational school students in Shanghai City and Jiangsu Province were selected to conduct two surveys (November 2021 and November 2022) by using a self-administered electronic questionnaire regarding personal, family, school information and the Child and Adolescent Social Support Scale (CASSS). Correlates were analyzed by generalized linear estimating equations (GEE). Results The total perceived social support scores in percentage at baseline and follow-up survey were (66.13±20.46) and (67.65±21.18). The results of GEE showed that in terms of personal characteristics, girls had higher emotional support and evaluative support scores than boys (B=0.60, 0.68, P < 0.05); extraversion, non-smoking, non-drinking, exercising ≥1 time per week, and better quality of sleep were positively correlated with the total score and the different types scores of precieved social support, and time spent on the Internet >2 h/d was negatively correlated with the total score and the different types scores of precieved social support (B=1.03-4.49, -4.04--0.58, P < 0.05). In terms of family characteristics, parents not in marriage and living with (external) grandparents were negatively correlated with the total score and different types scores of percieved social support, while family characteristics such as satisfaction with family income (average, satisfactory, very satisfactory) and parents' education level of junior high school and above were positively correlated with the total score and the different types scores of precieved social support (B=-1.34--0.37, 0.57-2.37, P < 0.05). In terms of school characteristics, without experience of bullying in school and the number of same-sex or opposite-sex friends >1 were positively correlated with the total score and different types scores of perceptual social support, and without serving as an officer of a student organization was negatively correlated with the total score and the different types scores of precieved social support (B=1.21-5.04, -2.00--0.76, P < 0.05). Conclusions The levels of overall and different types of precieved social support among vocational school students need to be improved. According to individual, family, and school related factors of precieved social support can help to target the improvement of students' precieved social support level.
- Social support /
- Mental health /
- Linear models /
- Students
注释:

1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。

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表 1 个人特征对领悟支持总分和不同维度得分的广义线性估计方程分析[B值(95%CI)]

Table 1. Analysis of generalized linear estimation equations of individual characteristics on overall and different types of precieved social support scores[B(95%CI)]

自变量	选项	人数	领悟社会支持总分	情感性支持	信息性支持	评价性支持	工具性支持
性别	男	6 277	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
	女	5 490	0.16(-0.51~0.83)	0.60(0.18~1.03)^**	0.37(-0.08~0.81)	0.68(0.23~1.13)^**	0.54(-0.17~0.91)
自评性格	偏内向	3 028	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
	偏外向	6 277	3.69(2.76~4.63)^**	1.36(0.93~1.80)^**	1.43(0.98~1.87)^**	1.57(1.08~2.07)^**	1.85(1.31~2.19)^**
	中等	2 462	0.33(-1.04~1.70)	0.12(-0.49~0.73)	-0.04(-0.42~0.34)	-0.07(-0.50~0.36)	-0.22(-0.62~0.18)
是否吸烟	是	220	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
	否	11 547	4.10(3.05~5.14)^**	1.37(0.28~2.46)^**	1.89(0.77~3.01)^**	1.52(0.25~2.79)^**	1.76(0.62~2.90)^**
是否饮酒	是	292	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
	否	11 475	4.49(3.35~5.63)^**	1.03(0.36~1.70)^**	1.07(0.38~1.75)^**	1.50(0.71~2.28)^**	1.37(0.63~2.11)^**
每周运动次数	0	2 624	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
每周运动次数	1~3	5 043	3.19(2.74~3.64)^**	2.27(1.81~2.73)^**	2.27(1.79~2.74)^**	2.81(2.26~3.36)^**	2.79(2.24~3.35)^**
	4~6	2 682	3.34(2.97~3.71)^**	3.36(2.87~3.85)^**	3.18(2.68~3.68)^**	3.08(2.49~3.67)^**	3.21(2.98~3.44)^**
	≥7	1 418	3.88(3.63~4.13)^**	3.38(2.82~3.94)^**	3.26(2.69~3.83)^**	3.25(2.61~3.89)^**	3.44(3.07~3.81)^**
每日上网时长/h	＜1	186	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
每日上网时长/h	1~2	3 224	-2.18(-3.12~1.24)	-0.03(-0.66~0.60)	-0.74(-1.65~0.20)	-1.51(-2.26~-0.76)^**	-1.20(-1.95~-0.45)^**
	＞2~3	3 950	-3.39(-4.28~-2.50)^**	-0.58(-1.23~-0.08)^**	-1.05(-1.71~-0.38)^**	-1.17(-1.93~-0.40)^**	-1.59(-1.83~-1.35)^**
	＞3~4	1 264	-3.83(-4.35~-3.31)^**	-1.32(-2.03~-0.62)^**	-1.68(-2.41~-0.96)^**	-1.94(-2.77~-1.11)^**	-2.04(-2.23~-1.85)^**
	＞4	3 143	-4.04(-4.37~-3.31)^**	-1.40(-2.05~-0.75)^**	-1.86(-2.52~-1.19)^**	-2.09(-2.85~-1.33)^**	-2.16(-2.38~-1.94)^**
睡眠质量	很差	220	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
	较差	670	2.71(2.49~2.93)^**	2.23(2.04~2.42)^**	2.16(1.89~2.43)^**	1.99(1.44~2.54)^**	1.64(1.30~1.98)^**
	一般	3 130	3.06(2.91~3.21)^**	2.83(2.51~3.15)^**	2.71(2.25~3.17)^**	2.41(2.15~2.67)^**	2.43(2.16~2.70)^**
	较好	3 447	3.94(3.70~4.18)^**	3.12(2.92~3.32)^**	3.04(2.73~3.35)^**	2.98(2.62~3.34)^**	2.50(2.24~2.76)^**
	很好	4 300	3.48(3.25~3.71)^**	3.09(2.87~3.31)^**	3.05(2.84~3.26)^**	3.14(2.87~3.41)^**	3.41(3.17~3.65)^**
注：^**P＜0.01。

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表 2 家庭特征对领悟支持总分和不同维度得分的广义线性估计方程分析[B值(95%CI)]

Table 2. Analysis of generalized linear estimation equations of family characteristics on overall and different types of precieved social support scores[B(95%CI)]

自变量	选项	人数	领悟社会支持总分	情感性支持	信息性支持	评价性支持	工具性支持
父母婚姻状况	在婚	9 128	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
父母婚姻状况	离婚	1 538	-0.99(-1.30~-0.68)^**	-0.47(-0.70~-0.24)^**	-0.89(-1.47~-0.32)^**	-0.59(-1.09~-0.09)^**	-0.73(-1.19~-0.27)^**
	一方去世	138	-0.54(-0.86~-0.22)^**	-0.37(-0.64~-0.10)^**	-0.93(-1.64~-0.22)^**	-0.89(-1.72~-0.06)^**	-0.91(-1.37~-0.45)^**
	不知道	963	-0.46(-0.72~-0.20)^**	-0.58(-1.01~-0.15)^**	-0.72(-1.30~-0.14)^**	-0.84(-1.49~-0.19)^**	-1.05(-1.54~-0.56)^**
家庭收入满意度	很不满意	240	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
家庭收入满意度	不满意	280	1.36(0.75~1.97)^*	0.69(0.34~1.04)^*	0.57(0.12~1.02)^*	0.73(0.32~1.14)^**	0.78(0.50~1.06)^**
	一般	4 621	1.94(1.68~2.20)^**	1.08(0.67~1.49)^**	1.04(0.73~1.35)^**	1.22(0.84~1.60)^**	1.27(0.89~1.65)^**
	满意	4 766	2.25(1.95~2.55)^**	1.36(0.93~1.79)^**	1.25(0.81~1.69)^**	1.65(1.32~1.98)^**	1.54(1.27~1.81)^**
	很满意	1 860	2.29(1.98~2.60)^**	1.53(1.18~1.88)^**	1.48(1.26~1.70)^**	1.53(1.25~1.81)^**	1.59(1.33~1.85)^**
与谁共同居住	父母	8 953	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
与谁共同居住	(外)祖父母	506	-1.34(-2.57~-0.11)^*	-0.84(-1.60~-0.09)^*	-0.79(-1.45~-0.13)^*	-0.92(-1.44~-0.40)^**	-0.51(-1.61~-0.01)^*
	父母及(外)祖父母	2 060	-1.07(-2.86~0.72)	-0.05(-0.50~0.40)	-0.02(-0.48~0.44)	-0.15(-0.66~0.36)	-0.17(-0.62~0.28)
	其他	248	0.86(-1.25~2.97)	0.03(-0.98~1.04)	-0.21(-1.03~0.60)	-0.18(-1.00~0.64)	-0.12(-1.03~0.79)
父亲文化程度	小学及以下	995	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
父亲文化程度	初中	4 900	1.35(0.75~1.95)^**	1.16(0.94~1.38)^**	1.09(0.94~1.24)^**	1.03(0.87~1.19)^**	1.25(0.96~1.54)^**
	高中或中专	3 636	1.48(0.94~2.02)^**	1.18(0.97~1.39)^**	1.14(1.01~1.27)^**	1.18(1.03~1.33)^**	1.47(1.06~1.88)^**
	大专	1 456	1.92(1.65~2.19)^**	1.49(1.23~1.75)^**	1.45(1.22~1.68)^**	1.61(1.38~1.84)^**	1.54(1.14~1.94)^**
	大学及以上	780	2.04(1.81~2.27)^**	1.55(1.30~1.80)^**	1.78(1.49~2.07)^**	1.69(1.40~1.98)^**	1.76(1.53~1.99)^**
母亲文化程度	小学及以下	1 908	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
母亲文化程度	初中	4 893	1.83(1.67~1.99)^**	1.14(0.91~1.37)^**	1.03(0.92~1.14)^**	1.01(0.72~1.34)^**	1.26(0.83~1.69)^**
	高中或中专	2 924	1.95(1.83~2.07)^**	1.60(1.47~1.73)^**	1.58(1.46~1.70)^**	1.78(1.56~1.99)^**	1.70(1.49~1.91)^**
	大专	1 366	2.11(1.92~2.30)^**	1.81(1.53~2.09)^**	1.95(1.71~2.19)^**	2.04(1.72~2.36)^**	1.87(1.57~2.17)^**
	大学及以上	676	2.37(2.16~2.58)^**	2.14(1.86~2.42)^**	2.27(1.95~2.59)^**	2.25(1.94~2.56)^**	2.12(1.85~2.39)^**
注：^P＜0.05，^*P＜0.01。

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表 3 学校特征对领悟支持总分和不同维度得分的广义线性估计方程分析[B值(95%CI)]

Table 3. Analysis of generalized linear estimation equations of school characteristics on overall and different types of precieved social support scores[B(95%CI)]

自变量	选项	人数	领悟社会支持总分	情感性支持	信息性支持	评价性支持	工具性支持
校园欺凌经历	欺负过别人	162	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
	被欺负过	594	1.69(-0.24~1.93)	0.16(-1.08~1.39)	-0.18(-1.15~0.79)	-0.17(-1.23~0.89)	-0.45(-1.87~0.94)
	两者都有	216	1.20(-0.98~2.18)	-0.46(-1.95~1.03)	-0.99(-2.41~0.44)	-0.47(-1.24~0.30)	-1.23(-2.96~0.50)
	两者都没有	10 795	2.92(2.39~3.45)^**	2.06(1.02~3.10)^**	2.23(1.16~3.29)^**	2.35(1.12~3.58)^**	1.90(1.23~2.57)^**
学生组织任职	校级组织	488	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
	院级组织	260	-0.62(-1.78~0.57)	-0.25(-1.48~0.98)	-0.48(-1.15~0.19)	-0.27(-1.36~0.82)	-0.63(-1.95~0.69)
	班级干部	4 568	-0.49(-1.16~0.18)	-0.12(-0.84~0.42)	-0.88(-2.29~0.53)	-0.38(-1.28~0.52)	-0.63(-1.45~0.19)
	未担任职务	6 451	-1.50(-2.03~-0.97)^**	-0.76(-0.91~-0.61)^**	-1.87(-2.68~-1.06)^**	-2.00(-2.80~-1.19)^**	-1.90(-2.32~-1.69)^**
同性朋友数量/个	0	400	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
	1	826	4.77(4.38~5.16)^**	2.93(2.87~2.99)^**	2.29(1.53~3.04)^**	2.66(1.56~3.76)^**	3.05(2.29~3.81)^**
	2	1 700	4.81(4.40~5.20)^**	3.06(2.91~3.21)^**	2.81(2.11~3.51)^**	3.06(2.24~3.89)^**	3.34(2.66~4.04)^**
	3	1 634	4.96(4.54~5.36)^**	3.11(2.95~3.27)^**	3.25(2.64~3.85)^**	3.66(2.33~4.39)^**	3.68(2.90~4.46)^**
	＞3	7 207	5.04(4.69~5.39)^**	3.68(3.54~3.82)^**	3.67(3.43~3.91)^**	4.15(3.48~4.82)^**	3.85(2.94~4.76)^**
异性朋友数量/个	0	4 679	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
	1	2 012	4.29(3.87~4.71)^**	1.74(1.62~1.86)^**	1.66(1.22~2.06)^**	1.75(1.25~2.25)^**	1.21(0.96~1.46)^**
	2	1 506	4.49(3.96~5.02)^**	2.65(2.23~3.07)^**	2.60(2.30~2.90)^**	2.59(2.32~2.86)^**	2.18(2.04~2.32)^**
	3	642	4.83(4.45~5.21)^**	3.27(3.06~3.48)^**	2.81(2.37~3.25)^**	2.55(2.16~2.94)^**	2.49(2.22~2.76)^**
	＞3	2 928	4.90(4.52~5.28)^**	3.34(3.12~3.56)^**	3.39(3.08~3.70)^**	2.92(2.47~3.37)^**	2.97(2.63~3.31)^**
注：^**P＜0.01。

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