Relationship between processed food consumption and blood pressure of students in a university in Yunnan Province
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摘要:
目的 探讨云南某大学学生加工食品消费与血压水平的关联, 为预防大学生高血压提供参考依据。 方法 2021年10月, 采用整群抽样方法, 抽取云南省昆明市某高校4 781名新生, 使用膳食频率调查表评估大学生加工食品消费频率, 并测量身高、体重和血压。使用Mann-Whitney检验和Kruskal-Wallis检验比较不同人口统计学变量大学生血压水平的差异, 使用广义线性模型分析加工食品消费与血压水平的关联。 结果 云南某大学学生中收缩压正常高值检出率为33.86%、高血压检出率为1.23%, 舒张压正常高值检出率为32.13%、高血压检出率为7.22%。广义线性模型分析结果显示, 控制人口学变量和其他可能影响大学生血压水平的变量后, 加工食品(面包、蛋糕: β=0.15, 95%CI=0.01~0.29), 超加工食品(咖啡饮料: β=-0.29, 95%CI=-0.54~-0.03)的消费与收缩压水平均有相关性; 加工食品(咸鸭蛋: β=0.21, 95%CI=0.01~0.41)的消费与大学生舒张压水平有相关性(P值均 < 0.05)。 结论 大学生加工食品消费可能增加高血压的风险。应加强大学生健康饮食的教育, 减少加工食品的消费。 Abstract:Objective To explore the relationship between processed food consumption and blood pressure level of students in a university in Yunnan Province, so as to provide the reference for preventing hypertension in university students. Methods In October 2021, a cluster sampling method was used to select 4 781 freshmen from a university in Kunming, Yunnan Province.The frequency of processed food consumption of university students was assessed by using the dietary frequency questionnaire, and height, weight and blood pressure were measured.Mann-Whitney test and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to compare the differences in blood pressure level of university students with different demographic variables, and the association between processed food consumption and blood pressure level was analyzed with a generalized linear model. Results Among the students of a university in Yunnan Province, the detection rates of systolic prehypertension and hypertension were 33.86% and 1.23%, and the detection rates of diastolic prehypertension were 32.13% and hypertension 7.22%.The results of generalized linear model analysis showed that after controlling for demographic variables and other variables that might affect the blood pressure level of university students, the consumption of processed food (bread and cake: β=0.15, 95%CI=0.01-0.29) and ultra-processed food (coffee beverage: β=-0.29, 95%CI=-0.54-0.03) were associated with systolic blood pressure level (P < 0.05).The consumption of processed food (salted duck egg: β=0.21, 95%CI=0.01-0.41) was correlated with the diastolic blood pressure of college students (P < 0.05). Conclusions Processed food consumption in university students may increase the risk of high blood pressure.The education of healthy eating among college students should be strengthened to reduce the consumption of processed foods. -
Key words:
- Food handling /
- Blood pressure /
- Linear models /
- Students
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表 1 不同组别大学生血压异常检出率比较
Table 1. Comparison of detection rates of abnormal blood pressure among university students in different groups
组别 选项 人数 收缩压 舒张压 正常高值 高血压 Z/H值 P值 正常高值 高血压 Z/H值 P值 性别a 男 1 586 922(58.13) 49(3.09) -26.91 ＜0.01 693(43.69) 222(14.00) -19.27 ＜0.01 女 3 195 697(21.82) 10(0.31) 843(26.38) 123(3.85) 专业学科分类b 工学 682 320(46.92) 17(2.49) 111.87 ＜0.01 267(39.15) 81(11.88) 68.54 ＜0.01 管理学 557 167(29.98) 6(1.08) 182(32.68) 41(7.36) 教育学 833 252(30.25) 6(0.72) 244(29.29) 44(5.28) 理学 616 221(35.88) 15(2.44) 203(32.95) 35(5.68) 农学 455 185(40.66) 6(1.32) 166(36.48) 36(7.91) 文学 481 147(30.56) 1(0.21) 144(29.94) 25(5.20) 医学 527 158(29.98) 3(0.57) 161(30.55) 34(6.45) 艺术学 482 126(26.14) 5(1.04) 120(24.90) 42(8.71) 其他 148 43(29.05) 0 49(33.11) 7(4.73) 家庭居住地a 农村 3 787 1 297(34.25) 45(1.19) -0.90 0.37 1 232(32.53) 271(7.16) -0.80 0.42 城市 994 322(32.39) 14(1.41) 304(30.58) 74(7.44) 独生子女a 是 870 311(35.75) 15(1.72) -1.71 0.09 295(33.91) 72(8.28) -2.00 0.05 否 3 911 1 308(33.44) 44(1.13) 1 241(31.73) 273(6.98) 自评家庭经济 差 446 179(40.13) 7(1.57) 14.47 0.01 140(31.39) 38(8.52) 4.24 0.38 条件b 较差 1 132 393(34.72) 11(0.97) 378(33.39) 68(6.01) 中等 2 963 957(32.30) 37(1.25) 938(31.66) 219(7.39) 较好 192 68(35.42) 4(2.08) 58(30.21) 16(8.33) 好 48 22(45.83) 0 22(45.83) 4(8.33) 自评朋友数 0 60 24(40.00) 1(1.67) 14.42 < 0.01 21(35.00) 3(5.00) 3.76 0.29 量/个b 1~2 677 207(30.58) 10(1.48) 214(31.61) 43(6.35) 3~4 892 271(30.38) 6(0.67) 267(29.93) 63(7.06) ＞5 3 152 1 117(35.44) 42(1.33) 1 034(32.80) 236(7.49) 注： ()内数字为检出率/%；a为Mann-Whitney检验, b为Kruskal-Wallis检验。 
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表 2 不同加工食品消费组别大学生血压异常检出率比较
Table 2. Comparison of detection rates of abnormal blood pressure among university students in different processed foods consumption groups
组别 选项 人数 收缩压 舒张压 正常高值 高血压 Z值 P值 正常高值 高血压 Z值 P值 加工食品 加工肉品 否 1 498 500(33.38) 22(1.47) -0.16 0.87 501(33.44) 106(7.08) -0.97 0.33 是 3 283 1 119(34.08) 37(1.13) 1 035(31.53) 239(7.28) 果脯/蜜饯 否 2 927 1 019(34.81) 36(1.23) -1.69 0.09 957(32.70) 227(7.76) -2.16 0.03 是 1 854 600(32.36) 23(1.24) 579(31.23) 118(6.36) 烤(煎、炸)肉 否 1 750 594(33.94) 22(1.26) -0.12 0.90 567(32.40) 134(7.66) -0.88 0.38 是 3 031 1 025(33.82) 37(1.22) 969(31.97) 211(6.96) 咸鸭蛋 否 3 674 1 209(32.91) 39(1.06) -3.09 < 0.01 1 165(31.71) 260(7.08) -1.45 0.15 是 1 107 410(37.04) 20(1.81) 371(33.51) 85(7.68) 面包/蛋糕 否 1 286 484(37.64) 16(1.24) -3.28 < 0.01 447(34.76) 112(8.71) -3.72 ＜0.01 是 3 495 1 135(32.47) 43(1.23) 1 089(31.16) 233(6.67) 超加工食品 膨化食品 否 1 709 622(36.40) 22(1.29) -2.77 < 0.01 553(32.36) 147(8.60) -2.12 0.03 是 3 072 997(32.45) 37(1.20) 983(32.00) 198(6.45) 速食食品 否 1 489 528(35.46) 20(1.34) -1.67 0.09 478(32.10) 122(8.19) -1.19 0.24 是 3 292 1 091(33.14) 39(1.18) 1 058(32.14) 223(6.77) 糖果 否 2 025 711(35.11) 32(1.58) -2.10 0.04 652(32.20) 164(8.10) -1.47 0.14 是 2 756 908(32.95) 27(0.98) 884(32.08) 181(6.57) 巧克力 否 2 858 984(34.43) 39(1.36) -1.29 0.20 928(32.47) 215(7.52) -1.23 0.22 是 1 923 635(33.02) 20(1.04) 608(31.62) 130(6.76) 碳酸饮料 否 2 948 937(31.78) 32(1.09) -4.12 0.01 914(31.00) 200(6.78) -2.84 0.01 是 1 833 682(37.21) 27(1.47) 622(33.93) 145(7.91) 果汁饮料 否 2 731 881(32.26) 35(1.28) -2.53 0.01 856(31.34) 198(7.25) -1.09 0.27 是 2 050 738(36.00) 24(1.17) 680(33.17) 147(7.17) 奶茶 否 2 716 951(35.01) 34(1.25) -1.92 0.06 890(32.77) 209(7.70) -1.96 0.05 是 2 065 668(32.35) 25(1.21) 646(31.28) 136(6.59) 维生素饮料 否 3 403 1 103(32.41) 34(1.00) -3.97 0.01 1 072(31.50) 243(7.14) -1.48 0.14 是 1 378 516(37.45) 25(1.81) 464(33.67) 102(7.40) 咖啡饮料 否 3 757 1 247(33.19) 40(1.06) -2.46 0.01 1 198(31.89) 266(7.08) -1.07 0.28 是 1 024 372(36.33) 19(1.86) 338(33.01) 79(7.71) 注： ()内数字为检出率/%。
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表 3 大学生加工食品消费与收缩压水平的关联(n=4 781)
Table 3. Association of processed food consumption with systolic blood pressure level among university students(n=4 781)
食品分类 自变量 模型1 模型2 标准误 β值(95%CI) Wald χ2值 P值 标准误 β值(95%CI) Wald χ2值 P值 加工食品 加工肉品 0.08 0.08(-0.08~0.24) 0.99 0.32 0.07 0.07(-0.08~0.21) 0.81 0.37 果脯/蜜饯 0.10 -0.13(-0.32~0.06) 1.69 0.19 0.09 -0.05(-0.22~0.12) 0.32 0.57 烤(煎、炸)肉 0.09 0.08(-0.10~0.25) 0.75 0.39 0.08 0.02(-0.13~0.17) 0.07 0.80 咸鸭蛋 0.13 0.48(0.23~0.74) 13.74 ＜0.01 0.12 0.18(-0.05~0.41) 2.42 0.12 面包/蛋糕 0.08 -0.00(-0.16~0.15) 0.00 0.99 0.07 0.15(0.01~0.29) 4.58 0.03 超加工食品 膨化食品 0.09 -0.13(-0.31~0.05) 2.05 0.15 0.08 0.02(-0.14~0.18) 0.05 0.83 速食食品 0.08 0.17(0.02~0.31) 4.77 0.03 0.07 0.06(-0.07~0.20) 0.86 0.36 糖果 0.09 -0.11(-0.29~0.07) 1.42 0.23 0.08 0.01(-0.15~0.17) 0.03 0.86 巧克力 0.11 0.02(-0.20~0.24) 0.04 0.85 0.01 0.13(-0.07~0.33) 1.71 0.19 碳酸饮料 0.10 0.31(0.11~0.50) 9.65 < 0.01 0.09 -0.02(-0.20~0.15) 0.07 0.79 果汁饮料 0.10 0.08(-0.12~0.28) 0.58 0.45 0.09 -0.06(-0.24~0.12) 0.43 0.51 奶茶 0.11 -0.47(-0.68~-0.26) 19.87 < 0.01 0.10 -0.10(-0.29~0.09) 1.06 0.30 维生素饮料 0.14 0.46(0.18~0.73) 10.68 < 0.01 0.13 0.17(-0.08~0.42) 1.87 0.17 咖啡饮料 0.14 -0.07(-0.35~0.22) 0.21 0.65 0.13 -0.29(-0.54~-0.03) 4.87 0.03
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表 4 大学生加工食品消费与舒张压水平的关联(n=4 781)
Table 4. Association of processed food consumption with diastolic blood pressure level among university students(n=4 781)
食品分类 自变量 模型1 模型2 标准误 β值(95%CI) Wald χ2值 P值 标准误 β值(95%CI) Wald χ2值 P值 加工食品 加工肉品 0.07 0.02(-0.10~0.15) 0.12 0.73 0.06 0.02(-0.10~0.14) 0.12 0.73 果脯/蜜饯 0.08 -0.13(-0.28~0.02) 2.80 0.09 0.07 -0.08(-0.22~0.07) 1.09 0.30 烤(煎、炸)肉 0.07 0.05(-0.09~0.19) 0.46 0.50 0.07 0.01(-0.12~0.14) 0.02 0.90 咸鸭蛋 0.10 0.37(0.16~0.57) 12.31 ＜0.01 0.10 0.21(0.01~0.41) 4.41 0.04 面包/蛋糕 0.06 -0.12(-0.24~0.01) 3.47 0.06 0.06 -0.04(-0.16~0.08) 0.49 0.49 超加工食品 膨化食品 0.07 -0.05(-0.19~0.10) 0.38 0.54 0.07 0.03(-0.10~0.17) 0.23 0.63 速食食品 0.06 0.15(0.03~0.27) 5.88 0.02 0.06 0.09(-0.02~0.21) 2.57 0.11 糖果 0.07 -0.03(-0.18~0.11) 0.19 0.67 0.07 0.04(-0.10~0.17) 0.30 0.59 巧克力 0.09 0.01(-0.17~0.18) 0.01 0.93 0.09 0.09(-0.08~0.25) 1.03 0.31 碳酸饮料 0.08 0.22(0.06~0.37) 7.47 0.01 0.08 0.05(-0.10~0.20) 0.36 0.55 果汁饮料 0.08 0.06(-0.10~0.23) 0.61 0.44 0.08 -0.01(-0.16~0.15) 0.01 0.91 奶茶 0.09 -0.29(-0.46~-0.13) 12.13 ＜0.01 0.08 -0.07(-0.23~0.09) 0.75 0.39 维生素饮料 0.11 0.16(-0.06~0.38) 1.98 0.16 0.11 -0.01(-0.22~0.20) 0.01 0.94 咖啡饮料 0.12 -0.02(-0.25~0.21) 0.03 0.87 0.11 -0.15(-0.37~0.07) 1.84 0.18
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