"双减"背景下小学生一日学习时间卫生状况评估

杨浩然; 李进; 刘开琦; 涂英; 李素云; 杨晓; 雷苏文; 李京

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024260

"双减"背景下小学生一日学习时间卫生状况评估

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024260

杨浩然^{1, 2},
李进³,
刘开琦⁴,
涂英⁵,
李素云⁶,
杨晓¹,
雷苏文^4, ,,
李京^2, ,

1.
山东第二医科大学护理学院, 潍坊 261053
2.
山东第二医科大学公共卫生学院
3.
潍坊市人民医院口腔科
4.
中国疾病预防控制中心卫生标准处
5.
贵州省疾病预防控制中心标准管理处
6.
山东省疾病预防控制中心健康管理所

基金项目:

山东第二医科大学教育教学改革与研究课题项目 2023YBD006

山东第二医科大学教育教学改革与研究课题项目 2023YBD022

山东省优质专业学位教学案例库立项建设项目 SDYAL2022149

国家疾病预防控制局公共卫生领域标准制修订及监督支撑项目 202401

国家疾病预防控制局公共卫生领域卫生健康标准研究制定项目 233007

详细信息

作者简介:
杨浩然(2000-), 男, 山东淄博人, 在读硕士, 主要研究方向为学校卫生政策

李进(1987-), 女, 山东潍坊人, 大学本科

通讯作者:
雷苏文, E-mail: leisw@chinacdc.cn

李京, E-mail: lijing@sdsmu.edu.cn

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
杨浩然与李进为共同第一作者。
中图分类号: R179 G478 D432.63 G791
计量
- 文章访问数: 77
- HTML全文浏览量: 33
- PDF下载量: 20
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-06-13
- 修回日期: 2024-07-25
- 网络出版日期: 2024-10-08
- 刊出日期: 2024-09-25

Assessment of the health situation of daily learning time for elementary school students in the context of Double Reduction policy

YANG Haoran^{1, 2},
LI Jin³,
LIU Kaiqi⁴,
TU Ying⁵,
LI Suyun⁶,
YANG Xiao¹,
LEI Suwen^{4
, ,},
LI Jing^{2
, ,}

1.
School of Nursing, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang (261053), Shandong Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的调查小学生一日学习时间卫生现状, 了解学校对《中小学生一日学习时间卫生要求》(GB/T 17223-2012)的实施情况, 为加强和改进新时代学校卫生与健康教育工作提供参考。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法抽取山东省7 776名小学生, 并基于《中小学生一日学习时间卫生要求》(GB/T 17223-2012)标准设计调查问卷, 对其一日学习安排、睡眠与体育活动、课间休息等进行调查。采用χ²检验、Kruskal-Wallis H检验进行组间比较。结果小学生一日学习时间符合标准规定的比例为55.88%;一二、三四、五六3个年级段小学生一日学习时间达标率差异有统计学意义(Z=1 629.47, P < 0.01), 其中五六年级的达标比例最高(85.92%)。小学生的课时、课数、早读时长符合规定的占比分别为30.07%, 10.20%, 42.19%。小学生睡眠不足率为58.69%, 体育活动不足率为65.78%;不同年级小学生的睡眠时间与体育活动时间不足率差异均有统计学意义(χ²值分别为56.39, 95.95, P值均 < 0.01), 其中六年级睡眠与体育活动不足率均最高(64.35%, 73.37%)。49.78%的学生课间休息时间低于标准规定时间。结论山东省小学生一日学习时间卫生状况欠佳, 学校对标准的执行力度不足, 需要进一步加强对标准的执行力度。
- 学习 /
- 时间 /
- 合格鉴定 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To investigate the daily learning time status of elementary school students and understand the implementation of Health Requirements of Daily Learning Time for Secondary and Elementary School Students (GB/T 17223-2012) in schools, so as to provide a reference for strengthening and improving school health and health education in the new era. Methods A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 7 776 primary school students in Shandong Province, and a survey questionnaire was designed based on the Health Requirements for Dayily Learning Time for Secondary and Elementary School Students (GB/T 17223-2012) standard to investigate their daily learning arrangements, sleep and physical activities, and breaks between classes.Comparison of intergroup differences were used by Chi-square test and Kruskal-Wallis H test. Results About 55.88% of primary school students for daily learning time met the standard.There was a statistically significant difference in the daily learning time achievement rate among primary school students in three grades for first and second grade, third and fourth grade and fifth and sixth grade (Z=1 629.47, P < 0.01), and the fifth and sixth grade had the highest proportion of achieving the standard (85.92%).Specifically, the proportions of students whose class hours, class numbers and morning reading time meeting the standards were 30.07%, 10.20% and 42.19%, respectively.The sleep deficiency rate of primary school studnets was 58.69%, and the physical activity deficiency rate was 65.78%;and there was a statistically significant difference in the rate of insufficient sleep time and physical activity time among primary school students of different grades (χ²=56.39, 95.95, P < 0.01), with sixth-grade students showing the highest rates for both sleep and physical activity deficiencies (64.35%, 73.37%).Additionally, 49.78% of students had recess time below the standard requirements. Conclusion The health status of daily learning time among primary school students in Shandong Province is poor, with insufficient implementation of school standards, and the implementation of standards needs to be further strengthened.
- Learning /
- Time /
- Eligibility determination /
- Students
注释:

1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。

2) 杨浩然与李进为共同第一作者。

HTML全文

图 1 不同年级小学生睡眠时间与体育活动时间不足率

Figure 1. Insufficient rates of sleep time and physical activity time among primary school students in different grades

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表 1 《中小学生一日学习时间卫生要求》GB/T 17223—1998与GB/T 17223—2012标准比较

Table 1. Comparison of GB/T 17223-1998 and GB/T 17223-2012 standards based on the Hygiene Requirements for Dayily Learning Time for Secondary and Elementary School Students

比较条目	GB/T 17223—1998	GB/T 17223—2012
一日学习时间	一二年级≤4 h，三四年级≤5 h，五六年级≤6 h	一二年级≤4 h，三四年级≤5 h，五六年级≤6 h
课时安排	40或45 min/节；上午4节，下午1~2节	≤40 min/节；上午4节，下午1~2节
早读、自习、作业安排	一年级不宜留作业；二年级自习及作业≤45 min/d；三四年级自习及作业≤60 min/d；五六年级自习及作业≤90 min/d	一二年级不宜安排早读及作业；三至六年级早读≤20 min/d，自习及作业≤60 min/d
睡眠时间	一二年级≥10 h/d；三至六年级≥9 h/d	≥10 h/d
体育活动	每周安排3次以上课外体育活动	1 h/d
课间休息	—	2节课之间≥10 min；2和3节之间不少于20~30 min
排课	—	一日内不连排两节相同课程，一二年级周总课时≤26节，三至六年级周总课时≤30节

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表 2 山东省不同年级小学生一日学习安排现况

Table 2. One-day learning arrangement status of primary school students at different stages in Shandong Province

年级	人数	课时/min			上午课数/节			下午课数/节		早读时长/min			自习时间/min
年级	人数	< 40	40~45	>45	≤3	4	≥5	≤2	>2	0	>0~20	>20	0	>0~60	>60
一二	2 219	822(37.04)	1 379(62.15)	18(0.81)	869(39.16)	1 335(60.16)	15(0.68)	614 (27.67)	1 605(72.33)	765(34.47)	447(20.14)	1 007(45.38)	2 150(96.89)	60(2.70)	9(0.41)
三四	2 900	844(29.10)	2 023(69.76)	33(1.14)	904(31.17)	1 969(67.90)	27(0.93)	507(17.48)	2 393(82.52)	719(24.79)	620(21.38)	1 561(53.83)	2 650(91.38)	107(3.69)	143(4.93)
五六	2 657	672(25.29)	1 955(73.58)	30(1.13)	923(34.74)	1 687(63.49)	47(1.77)	282(10.61)	2 375(89.39)	708(26.65)	469(17.65)	1 480(55.70)	2 290(86.19)	169(6.36)	198(7.45)
注： ()内数字为构成比/%。

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表 3 不同组别小学生课间休息时间比较

Table 3. Comparison of the recess time of elementary school studnets in different groups

组别	选项	人数	5~10 min	＞10 min	χ²值	P值
年级	一	1 074	440(40.97)	634(59.03)	139.96	< 0.01
	二	1 145	467(40.79)	678(59.21)
	三	1 509	742(49.17)	767(50.83)
	四	1 391	685(49.25)	706(50.75)
	五	1 260	729(57.86)	531(42.14)
	六	1 397	808(57.84)	589(42.16)
性别	男	4 102	2 005(48.88)	2 097(51.12)	2.83	0.92
	女	3 674	1 866(50.79)	1 808(49.21)
籍贯	城市	3 705	1 618(43.67)	2 087(56.33)	105.71	< 0.01
	农村	4 071	2 253(55.34)	1 818(44.66)
注： ()内数字为构成比/%。

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