浙江省中小学生早餐现状及相关因素分析

赵栋; 苏丹婷; 邹艳; 黄李春; 何梦洁; 韩丹; 顾炜; 章荣华

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024259

浙江省中小学生早餐现状及相关因素分析

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024259

浙江省疾病预防控制中心营养与食品安全所, 杭州 310051

基金项目:

国家重点研发计划项目 2020YFC2006301

详细信息

作者简介:
赵栋(1986-)，男，山东东阿人，硕士，副主任医师，主要研究方向为学生营养与改善

通讯作者:
章荣华, E-mail: rhzhang@cdc.zj.cn

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R179 R155.1 G479
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- 文章访问数: 110
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-06-20
- 修回日期: 2024-07-08
- 网络出版日期: 2024-10-08
- 刊出日期: 2024-09-25

Analysis of current status and related factors of breakfast among primary and secondary school students in Zhejiang Province

Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou (310051), Zhejiang Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解浙江省中小学生早餐现状及相关因素，为改善中小学生早餐习惯提供科学依据。方法 2023年5—11月，在浙江省90个县市区采用分层整群随机抽样方法抽取小学四至六年级和初中一至二年级学生33 326名，采用问卷收集学生的基本信息和早餐行为。采用多因素Logistic回归分析中小学生早餐的相关因素。结果 81.29%的中小学生每天吃早餐，上学日高于休息日(92.23%，85.17%)，小学生高于初中生(85.83%，74.71%)，差异均有统计学意义(χ²值分别为827.42，655.03，P值均 < 0.01)。49.19%的中小学生10 min内吃完早餐。83.30%的中小学生早餐吃3~5种食物，早餐每天吃谷薯类、奶及奶制品、蛋类的中小学生分别占18.76%，28.85%，14.63%，早餐不吃肉类、豆制品、蔬菜、水果的中小学生较多，分别占22.84%，28.00%，32.60%，32.23%。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示，女生、乡村、初中、住宿地(学校宿舍，其他)、父母在外打工情况(一方在外，均在外)、休息日睡觉时间(22:00—22:59，23:00及以后)、休息日起床时间(9:00及以后)与不是每天早餐均呈正相关(OR值分别为1.22，1.40，1.46，1.20，1.20，1.34，1.36，1.41，3.51，2.32，P值均 < 0.05)。白天活动时间(30~ < 60，60~ < 90，90~120，>120 min/d)、上学日睡觉时间(21:00—21:59，22:00—22:59)、上学日起床时间(6:00—6:59，7:00—7:59)与不是每天早餐均呈负相关(OR值分别为0.75，0.64，0.67，0.64，0.77，0.82，0.75，0.67，P值均 < 0.05)。结论浙江省中小学生不是每天吃早餐的比例较高，早餐行为与多种因素相关。应加强早餐相关营养教育，改善中小学生早餐饮食行为。
- 饮食习惯 /
- 进食 /
- 回归分析 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To understand current status and related factors of breakfast among primary and secondary school students in Zhejiang Province, so as to provide a scientific basis for improving breakfast habits of primary and secondary school students. Methods During May to November of 2023, 33 326 students from grade four to six of primary schools and grade one to two of secondary schools were selected from 90 counties and cities in Zhejiang Province by using the stratified cluster random sampling method. General information and breakfast consumption were collected by questionnaire. Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the related factors of breakfast. Results About 81.29% of the primary and secondary school students reported regular breakfast consumption. The rate of regular breakfast consumption was higher on the school days (92.23%) than on the weekends (85.17%), and higher in primary school students (85.83%) compared to secondary school students (74.71%), with statistically significant differences (χ²=827.42, 655.03, P < 0.01). About 49.19% of primary and secondary school students had their breakfast within 10 minutes or less, and 83.30% of primary and secondary school students had 3-5 food groups for breakfast. The proportions of students who consumed cereals and potatoes, milk, and eggs were respectively 18.76%, 28.85%, 14.63%. About 22.84%, 28.00%, 32.60% and 32.23% of the students had no meat, soybeans, vegetables and fruits in their breakfast. The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that girls, rural area, secondary school, place of living (dormitory, others), migrant parent (one or both outside the hometown), late bedtime (22:00-22:59, 23:00 and later) and late wake-up time (9:00 and later) on the weekends were positively correlated with no having breakfast every day (OR=1.22, 1.40, 1.46, 1.20, 1.20, 1.34, 1.36, 1.41, 3.51, 2.32, P < 0.05). The time of physical activity per day (30- < 60, 60- < 90, 90-120, >120 min), bedtime (21:00-21:59, 22:00-22:59) and wake-up time (6:00-6:59, 7:00-7:59) on school days were negatively correlated with no having breakfast every day (OR=0.75, 0.64, 0.67, 0.64, 0.77, 0.82, 0.75, 0.67, P < 0.05). Conclusions There is a considerable number of primary and secondary school students with irregular breakfast consumption, which are related to multiple factors. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen nutrition education and improve the behavior of breakfast for primary and secondary school students.
- Food habits /
- Eating /
- Regression analysis /
- Students
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表 1 不同组别中小学生每天吃早餐报告率比较

Table 1. Comparison of reporting rates of having breakfast every day among primary and secondary school students with different groups

组别	选项	人数	每天吃早餐	χ²值	P值
性别	男	17 327	14 365(82.91)	62.07	＜0.01
	女	15 999	12 725(79.54)
地区	城镇	18 172	15 196(83.62)	143.28	＜0.01
	乡村	15 154	11 894(78.49)
学校类型	小学	19 718	16 924(85.83)	655.03	＜0.01
	初中	13 608	10 166(74.71)
父母在外打	均在家	26 416	21 795(82.51)	124.81	＜0.01
工情况	一方在外	3 657	2 812(76.89)
	均在外	3 253	2 483(76.33)
住宿地	家	28 236	23 257(82.37)	148.01	＜0.01
	学校宿舍	3 411	2 535(74.32)
	其他	1 679	1 298(77.31)
白天活动时间	＜30	3 202	2 368(73.95)	163.09	＜0.01
/(min·d^-1)	30~＜60	13 931	11 227(80.59)
	60~＜90	10 228	8 506(83.16)
	90~120	3 381	2 832(83.76)
	>120	2 584	2 157(83.48)
上学日睡觉	21:00前	4 390	3 674(83.69)	779.74	＜0.01
时间	21:00—21:59	17 969	15 288(85.08)
	22:00—22:59	9 674	7 366(76.14)
	23:00及以后	1 293	762(58.93)
上学日起床	6:00前	2 926	2 097(71.67)	290.36	＜0.01
时间	6:00—6:59	23 919	19 454(81.33)
	7:00—7:59	6 347	5 452(85.90)
	8:00及以后	134	87(64.93)
休息日睡觉	21:00前	2 432	2 063(84.83)	2 476.38	＜0.01
时间	21:00—21:59	11 101	9 938(89.52)
	22:00—22:59	15 538	12 755(82.09)
	23:00及以后	4 255	2 334(54.85)
休息日起床	7:00前	3 324	2 698(81.17)	2 293.99	＜0.01
时间	7:00—7:59	11 716	10 422(88.96)
	8:00—8:59	12 868	10 780(83.77)
	9:00及以后	5 418	3 190(58.88)
注：()内数字为报告率/%。

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表 2 中小学生每天吃早餐相关因素的多因素Logistic回归分析(n=33 326)

Table 2. Multivariable Logistic regression analysis of related factors of having breakfast every day among primary and secondary school students(n=33 326)

常量与自变量	选项	β值	标准误	χ²值	P值	OR值(95%CI)
常量		-2.45	0.13	368.60	＜0.01
性别	女	0.20	0.03	42.74	＜0.01	1.22(1.15~1.30)
地区	乡村	0.33	0.03	108.55	＜0.01	1.40(1.31~1.49)
学校类型	初中	0.38	0.04	97.27	＜0.01	1.46(1.35~1.57)
住宿地	学校宿舍	0.18	0.05	12.84	＜0.01	1.20(1.09~1.32)
	其他	0.18	0.07	7.11	0.01	1.20(1.05~1.37)
父母在外打工	一方在外	0.29	0.05	40.65	＜0.01	1.34(1.23~1.47)
情况	均在外	0.31	0.05	37.87	＜0.01	1.36(1.23~1.50)
白天活动时间/	30~＜60	-0.29	0.05	33.70	＜0.01	0.75(0.68~0.83)
(min·d^-1)	60~＜90	-0.45	0.05	73.13	＜0.01	0.64(0.58~0.71)
	90~120	-0.40	0.07	36.88	＜0.01	0.67(0.59~0.76)
	>120	-0.45	0.07	38.65	＜0.01	0.64(0.55~0.74)
上学日睡觉	21:00—21:59	-0.26	0.05	23.40	＜0.01	0.77(0.69~0.86)
时间	22:00—22:59	-0.20	0.06	10.53	＜0.01	0.82(0.73~0.92)
	23:00及以后	-0.02	0.09	0.04	0.84	0.98(0.83~1.17)
休息日睡觉	21:00—21:59	-0.19	0.07	7.83	0.01	0.83(0.72~0.94)
时间	22:00—22:59	0.34	0.07	24.09	＜0.01	1.41(1.23~1.61)
	23:00及以后	1.26	0.08	268.60	＜0.01	3.51(3.02~4.08)
上学日起床	6:00—6:59	-0.29	0.05	32.44	＜0.01	0.75(0.68~0.83)
时间	7:00—7:59	-0.40	0.07	35.89	＜0.01	0.67(0.59~0.76)
	8:00及以后	0.23	0.21	1.22	0.27	1.26(0.84~1.88)
休息日起床	7:00—7:59	-0.47	0.06	69.39	＜0.01	0.63(0.56~0.70)
时间	8:00—8:59	-0.14	0.06	6.02	0.01	0.87(0.79~0.97)
	9:00及以后	0.84	0.06	210.61	＜0.01	2.32(2.07~2.60)

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