深圳市宝安区家长营养素养与四至六年级小学生饮食行为的相关性

黄韵; 刘艳红; 黄莉; 李彦柔; 吴明泽

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024258

深圳市宝安区家长营养素养与四至六年级小学生饮食行为的相关性

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024258

深圳市宝安区慢性病防治院健康教育与促进科, 广东 518000

基金项目:

深圳市宝安区科技计划项目 2022JD128

详细信息

作者简介:
黄韵(1988-), 女, 广西梧州人, 硕士, 主治医师, 主要从事慢性病预防与控制工作

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中图分类号: R179 G78 R155.1
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-01-08
- 修回日期: 2024-06-07
- 网络出版日期: 2024-10-08
- 刊出日期: 2024-09-25

Relationship between parental nutritional literacy and dietary behaviors among primary school students from grade 4 to 6 in Bao'an District of Shenzhen

Health Education and Promotion Section, Shenzhen Bao'an Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen (518000), Guangdong Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的了解深圳市宝安区家长营养素养与小学生饮食行为的关联, 为促进儿童健康饮食行为提供参考依据。方法 2022年12月, 采用分层整群随机抽样方法, 对深圳市宝安区7所学校四至六年级2 293名学生及其家长进行问卷调查, 采用多元线性回归分析探讨家长营养素养水平与小学生饮食行为之间的关联。结果家长总营养素养平均得分为(75.04±8.08)分, 其中基本知识与理念、基本技能、生活方式与饮食行为3个维度的平均得分分别为(24.23±2.45, 34.99±5.61, 15.82±2.56)分。体质量指数(BMI)正常的家长总营养素养平均得分为(75.47±8.04)分, 高于BMI异常的家长得分(74.45±7.85)分(t=2.78, P＜0.01)。家长具备总营养素养的小学生饮食行为平均得分为(32.45±3.02)分, 高于家长不具备营养素养的小学生得分(30.98±3.60)分(t=9.22, P＜0.01)。多元线性回归分析结果显示, 在调整小学生性别、年级、户籍、父母文化程度、父母职业、是否与父母一同居住和家长BMI等因素后, 家长基本知识与理念(β=0.13, 95%CI=0.07~0.19)、基本技能(β=0.10, 95%CI=0.08~0.13)、生活方式与饮食行为(β=0.28, 95%CI=0.23~0.34)、总营养素养水平(β=0.09, 95%CI=0.07~0.11)与小学生健康饮食行为均呈正相关(P值均＜0.05)。结论深圳市宝安区家长营养素养水平高的小学生不良饮食行为也相应较少。建议加强家长营养素养综合干预, 帮助小学生养成健康的饮食行为。
- 饮食习惯 /
- 营养素养 /
- 人体质量指数 /
- 回归分析 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To understand the relationship between parental nutritional literacy and dietary behaviors of primary school students in Bao'an District of Shenzhen, so as to provide a basis for promoting childhood healthy eating habits. Methods In December 2022, a total of 2 293 students in grades 4-6 and their parents from seven schools in Baoan District, Shenzhen were surveyed with questionnaire by using stratified cluster random sampling method. Multiple linear regression model was used to explore the relationship between parental nutrition literacy and dietary behaviors among primary school students. Results The mean score of parental total nutritional literacy was (75.04±8.08), and the mean scores of the three dimensions for basic knowledge and concepts, basic skills and lifestyle and dietary behaviors were (24.23±2.45) (34.99±5.61), and (15.82±2.56), respectively. The mean total nutrient literacy score of parents with normal body mass index (BMI) was (75.47±8.04), which was higher than that of parents with abnormal BMI (74.45±7.85) (t=2.78, P < 0.01); and the mean dietary behavior score of primary school students whose parents were sufficient nutritional literacy (32.45±3.02) was higher than those of parents with low nutritional literacy (30.98±3.60) (t=9.22, P < 0.01). In multiple linear regression analyses, after adjusting for gender, grade, household registration, parental education, parental occupation, whether living with their parents, and parental BMI of primary school students and other factors, parental basic knowledge and concepts (β=0.13, 95%CI=0.07-0.19), basic skills (β=0.10, 95%CI=0.08-0.13), lifestyle and dietary behaviors (β=0.28, 95%CI=0.23-0.34), and total nutritional literacy level (β=0.09, 95%CI=0.07-0.11) were positively correlated with healthy dietary behaviours of primary school students (P < 0.05). Conclusions As parental nutritional literacy increases in Bao'an District of Shenzhen, unhealthy dietary behavior among primary school students also relatively decreases. It's recommended that comprehensive parental nutritional literacy interventions should be enhanced to foster healthy dietary behaviors in children.
- Food habits /
- Nutrition literacy /
- Body mass index /
- Regression analysis /
- Students
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表 1 深圳市宝安区不同人口学特征学生家长营养素养得分比较(x±s)

Table 1. Comparison of parental nutritional literacy scores among students with different demographic characteristics in Bao'an District of Shenzhen(x±s)

人口学指标	选项	人数	统计值	基本知识与理念	基本技能	生活方式与饮食行为	总分
性别^*	男	634		24.29±2.14	34.19±5.72	15.32±2.60	73.79±8.09
	女	1 653		24.21±2.53	35.33±5.51	16.01±2.52	75.54±7.99
			t值	0.65	-4.38	-5.77	-4.67
			P值	0.51	＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01
年龄/岁^*	＜40	1 171		24.37±2.29	34.99±5.43	15.74±2.52	75.09±7.67
	≥40	1 083		24.10±2.50	35.14±5.69	15.91±2.57	75.16±8.31
			t值	6.95	-0.43	-2.69	-0.04
			P值	0.01	0.51	0.10	0.85
民族^*	汉族	2 177		24.24±2.46	35.01±5.55	15.82±2.57	75.07±8.05
	其他	78		24.00±2.20	35.73±5.71	15.49±2.30	75.22±8.15
			t值	0.84	-1.12	1.26	-0.16
			P值	0.40	0.26	0.26	0.87
户籍^*	深圳	1 614		24.38±2.28	35.29±5.52	15.81±2.57	75.48±7.94
	非深圳	574		23.89±2.60	34.54±5.41	15.82±2.43	74.25±7.75
			t值	4.27	2.81	-0.12	3.20
			P值	＜0.01	0.01	0.91	＜0.01
家长文化程度^*	初中及以下	120		23.05±2.81	32.42±5.35	15.65±2.75	71.12±7.96
	高中/职高/中专	486		23.70±2.91	34.20±5.82	15.98±2.69	73.89±8.87
	大专/本科	1 551		24.46±2.18	35.43±5.42	15.78±2.50	75.67±7.67
	研究生及以上	109		24.64±2.75	35.76±5.62	15.66±2.49	76.06±8.20
			F值	22.93	15.92	1.05	16.85
			P值	＜0.01	＜0.01	0.37	＜0.01
职业^*	医务人员	60		24.53±3.58	35.93±4.78	15.43±2.62	75.88±7.72
	公务员及其他事业单位	195		24.66±2.23	35.29±5.45	15.74±2.54	75.69±7.66
	企业人员	1 153		24.40±2.19	35.11±5.34	15.69±2.53	75.20±7.63
	其他	859		23.89±2.69	34.78±5.92	16.02±2.58	74.70±8.71
			F值	9.53	1.31	3.32	1.29
			P值	＜0.01	0.27	0.02	0.28
BMI^*	异常	678		24.08±2.51	34.65±5.47	15.72±2.60	74.45±7.85
	正常	1 551		24.32±2.39	35.30±5.53	15.85±2.52	75.47±8.04
			t值	-2.17	-2.57	-1.09	-2.78
			P值	0.03	0.01	0.28	0.01
注：^*数据存在缺失。

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表 2 深圳市宝安区不同人口学特征小学生饮食行为评分比较(x±s)

Table 2. Comparison of dietary behaviour scores for primary school students with different demographic characteristics in Bao'an District of Shenzhen(x±s)

人口学指标	选项	人数	饮食行为	t/F值	P值	人口学指标	选项	人数	饮食行为	t/F值	P值
性别	男	1 199	31.44±3.72	0.55	0.58	父亲职业^*	医务人员	42	31.98±3.29	3.19	0.02
	女	1 094	31.36±3.27				公务员及其他事业单位	215	30.93±3.58
年级	四	727	31.51±3.45	3.69	0.03		企业人员	1 435	31.54±3.44
	五	778	31.12±3.59				其他	598	31.18±3.64
	六	788	31.56±3.47			母亲职业^*	医务人员	62	32.42±3.50	2.66	0.05
户籍^*	深圳	1 845	31.53±3.46	3.42	＜0.01		公务员及其他事业单位	190	31.13±3.96
	非深圳	422	30.88±3.68				企业人员	1 129	31.30±3.49
是否与父母一起居住^*	是	2 109	31.47±3.47	3.46	＜0.01		其他	909	31.50±3.43
是否与父母一起居住^*	否	174	30.52±3.82			家长BMI^*	异常	678	31.44±3.54	0.29	0.77
是否为独生子女^*	是	508	31.63±3.56	1.65	0.10		正常	1 551	31.39±3.50
	否	1 768	31.34±3.49			家长基本知识与理念	具备	2 044	31.46±3.49	3.33	0.02
父亲文化程度^*	初中及以下	119	30.14±3.90	9.49	＜0.01	家长基本知识与理念	不具备	249	30.91±3.63
	高中/职高/中专	468	31.01±3.54			家长基本技能	具备	203	32.41±3.14	6.94	＜0.01
	大专/本科	1 531	31.54±3.45				不具备	2 090	31.30±3.53
	研究生及以上	170	31.99±3.42			家长生活方式与饮食行为	具备	524	32.43±3.23	7.80	＜0.01
母亲文化程度^*	初中及以下	151	30.06±3.91	9.16	＜0.01	家长生活方式与饮食行为	不具备	1 769	31.09±3.53
	高中/职高/中专	541	31.29±3.29			家长总营养素养	具备	653	32.45±3.02	9.22	＜0.01
	大专/本科	1 511	31.54±3.50				不具备	1 640	30.98±3.60
	研究生及以上	85	31.99±3.81
注：^*数据存在缺失。

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表 3 家长营养素养与小学生饮食行为的多元线性回归分析[β值(95%CI), n=2 293]

Table 3. Multiple linear regression between parental nutritional literacy and dietary behaviors of primary school students[β(95%CI), n=2 293]

营养素养维度	模型1	模型2	模型3
基本知识与理念	0.15(0.09~0.20)	0.15(0.09~0.21)	0.13(0.07~0.19)
基本技能	0.12(0.09~0.14)	0.11(0.09~0.14)	0.10(0.08~0.13)
生活方式与饮食行为	0.30(0.24~0.35)	0.30(0.24~0.35)	0.28(0.23~0.34)
总营养素养	0.10(0.08~0.12)	0.10(0.08~0.11)	0.09(0.07~0.11)
注：模型1未调整变量；模型2调整学龄儿童性别、年级、户籍；模型3在模型2的基础上调整父母文化程度、父母职业、是否与父母一同居住和家长BMI；P值均＜0.01。

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