母亲情绪症状对学龄前儿童情绪行为问题的影响

朱敏; 查金红; 贾丽媛; 李若瑜; 余敏; 何海燕; 万宇辉

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024226

母亲情绪症状对学龄前儿童情绪行为问题的影响

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024226

1.
安徽省芜湖市妇幼保健计划生育服务中心(芜湖市妇幼保健院)，241000
2.
安徽医科大学公共卫生学院

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 82273652

安徽省自然科学基金优青项目 2208085Y23

详细信息

作者简介:
朱敏(1980-)，男，安徽桐城人，大学本科，副主任医师，主要研究方向为儿童保健

通讯作者:
万宇辉，E-mail: wyhayd@163.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R179 B844.1 G78
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-12-25
- 修回日期: 2024-04-20
- 网络出版日期: 2024-07-27
- 刊出日期: 2024-07-25

Effect of maternal emotional symptoms on emotional and behavioral problems in preschool children

1.
Anhui Wuhu Maternal and Child Health ang Family Planning Service Center (Wuhu Maternal and Child Health Hospital), Wuhu (241000), Anhui Province, China

摘要

摘要: 目的探讨心理攻击和躯体攻击在母亲情绪症状与学龄前儿童情绪行为问题关联中的中介作用，为有效干预儿童情绪和行为问题相关的风险因素提供参考。方法采用分层整群抽样方法，选取安徽省芜湖市12所幼儿园小班儿童及其母亲为研究对象，于2021年6月开展基线调查，随后每半年开展1次随访，共随访3次，采用基线、第2次随访和第3次随访的调查数据，最终纳入有效问卷853份。采用抑郁-焦虑-压力量表简体中文版(DASS-21)、亲子冲突解决策略量表(CTSPC)及长处和困难问卷(SDQ)分别检测母亲情绪症状、心理攻击和躯体攻击及儿童情绪行为问题。结果母亲对儿童的躯体攻击表现为男童高于女童(t=3.53，P < 0.05)。相关分析结果显示，母亲抑郁症状、焦虑症状、压力症状评分与心理攻击、躯体攻击、儿童SDQ评分均呈正相关，母亲心理攻击和躯体攻击得分与儿童SDQ评分均呈正相关(r值分别为0.20，0.21，0.18；0.24，0.22，0.10，0.26，0.25，0.18；0.12，0.16，P值均＜0.01)。中介分析显示，在控制相关混杂因素后，心理攻击在母亲抑郁症状与儿童情绪行为问题关联中起部分中介效应，中介效应比为8.05%；躯体攻击在母亲抑郁、焦虑及压力症状与儿童情绪行为问题关联中均起部分中介效应，中介效应比分别为15.94%，11.73%，12.54%(P值均 < 0.05)。结论心理攻击和躯体攻击在母亲情绪症状与儿童情绪行为问题关联中起部分中介作用，积极改善母亲情绪症状及其对子女的管教方式有助于降低学龄前儿童情绪行为问题的发生。
- 情绪 /
- 行为 /
- 精神卫生 /
- 母亲 /
- 儿童，学龄前
Abstract: Objective To explore the mediating role of psychological and physical aggression in the association between maternal emotional symptoms with emotional and behavioral problems in preschool children, so as to provide references for effective intervention of risk factors related to children's emotional and behavioral problems. Methods A longitudinal study was conducted to select 12 kindergarten children and their mothers in Wuhu City, Anhui Province by using stratified clustering sampling. The baseline survey was carried out in June 2021, followed up every six months, and a total of 3 follow-ups were administered. Totally 853 valid questionnaires of junior class children were included by the survey data from baseline, second and thirl follow-ups. The Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), the Parent-Child Conflict Tactics Scales (CTSPC) and the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) were used to measure maternal emotional symptoms, psychological and physical aggression, and children's emotional and behavioral problems, respectively. Results The physical aggression of mothers towards children in boys was higher than in girls (t=3.53, P < 0.05). The results of correlation analysis showed that maternal depressive symptoms were positively correlated with psychological aggression, physical aggression and children's SDQ scores (r=0.20, 0.21, 0.18, P < 0.01), maternal anxiety symptoms were positively correlated with psychological aggression, physical aggression and children's SDQ scores (r=0.24, 0.22, 0.10, P < 0.01), respectively; maternal stress symptoms were positively correlated with psychological aggression, physical aggression. The SDQ scores were positively correlated (r=0.26, 0.25, 0.18, P < 0.01), and the scores of maternal psychological aggression and physical aggression were positively correlated with the SDQ scores of children (r=0.12, 0.16, P < 0.01). The mediating analysis showed that after controlling for related confounding factors, psychological aggression played a partial mediating effect in the association between maternal depressive symptoms and children's emotional and behavioral problems, and the mediating effect ratio was 8.05%. Physical aggression played a partial mediating effect in the association between maternal depression, anxiety and stress symptoms and children's emotional and behavioral problems, which were 15.94%, 11.73% and 12.54% (P < 0.05), respectively. Conclusions Psychological and physical aggression play mediating roles in the association between maternal emotional symptoms and children's emotional and behavioral problems, and actively improving maternal emotional symptoms and their children's discipline methods can help reduce the occurrence of emotional and behavioral problems in preschool children.
- Emotional /
- Behavior /
- Mental health /
- Mothers /
- Child, preschool
注释:

1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。

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表 1 儿童人口学特征构成在随访和失访组间的比较

Table 1. Demographic characteristics of children constituted the comparison between the follow-up and loss-to-follow-up groups

人口学指标	选项	人数	失访	随访	χ²值	P值
性别	男	549	137(53.9)	412(48.3)	2.49	0.12
	女	558	117(46.1)	441(51.7)
是否早产	是	48	16(6.3)	32(3.8)	3.06	0.08
	否	1 059	238(93.7)	821(96.2)
是否独生子女	是	585	133(52.4)	452(53.0)	0.03	0.86
	否	522	121(47.6)	401(47.0)
母乳喂养持续时间/月	≤6	292	81(31.9)	211(24.7)	5.47	0.07
	>7~12	541	118(46.5)	423(49.6)
	＞12	274	55(21.7)	219(25.7)
母亲文化程度	初中及以下	140	32(12.6)	108(12.7)	0.49	0.78
	高中、中专	266	57(22.4)	209(24.5)
	大学专科及以上	701	165(65.0)	536(62.8)
家庭人均月收入/元	≤3 000	52	9(3.5)	43(5.0)	3.42	0.33
	3 001~6 000	338	79(31.1)	259(30.4)
	6 001~10 000	409	86(33.9)	323(37.9)
	＞10 000	308	80(31.5)	228(26.7)
家庭结构	大家庭	400	91(35.8)	309(36.2)	0.02	0.99
	核心家庭	669	154(60.6)	515(60.4)
	其他家庭	38	9(3.5)	29(3.4)
注： ()内数字为构成比/%。

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表 2 不同性别儿童SDQ、母亲情绪症状、心理攻击与躯体攻击得分比较(x±s)

Table 2. Comparison of SDQ, maternal emotional symptoms, psychological aggression and physical aggression scores of children of different genders (x±s)

性别	人数	SDQ总分	母亲情绪症状			母亲心理攻击	母亲躯体攻击
性别	人数	SDQ总分	抑郁症状	焦虑症状	压力症状	母亲心理攻击	母亲躯体攻击
男	412	12.05±4.13	1.07±1.92	1.23±1.69	1.07±1.92	5.13±3.57	3.09±4.17
女	441	12.13±4.76	0.99±1.73	1.21±1.88	0.98±1.73	4.65±3.50	2.21±3.00
t值		-0.26	0.68	0.12	0.67	1.96	3.53
P值		0.80	0.50	0.90	0.50	0.05	< 0.01

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表 3 母亲情绪症状、心理攻击、躯体攻击及儿童情绪行为问题的相关分析(r值，n=853)

Table 3. Analysis of maternal emotional symptoms, psychological aggression, physical aggression and children's emotional and behavioral problems(r, n=853)

变量	抑郁症状	焦虑症状	压力症状	心理攻击	躯体攻击
焦虑症状	0.63
压力症状	0.66	0.69
心理攻击	0.20	0.24	0.26
躯体攻击	0.21	0.22	0.25	0.63
SDQ总分	0.18	0.10	0.18	0.12	0.16
注：P值均＜0.01。

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表 4 母亲心理攻击、躯体攻击在情绪症状与儿童情绪行为问题关联中的中介效应分析(n=853)

Table 4. Analysis of the mediating effect of psychological aggression and physical aggression in the association between maternal emotional symptoms and children's emotional and behavioral problems(n=853)

母亲情绪症状	中介变量	模型	间接效应值(95%CI)	Boot标准误	相对中介效应/%
抑郁	心理攻击	1	0.017(0.003~0.036)	0.009	9.36
		2	0.014(0.000~0.032)	0.008	8.05
	躯体攻击	1	0.021(0.007~0.043)	0.009	11.56
		2	0.019(0.005~0.039)	0.010	15.94
焦虑	心理攻击	1	0.019(0.001~0.040)	0.010	9.33
		2	0.015(-0.001~0.036)	0.010	8.28
	躯体攻击	1	0.023(0.008~0.046)	0.010	11.46
		2	0.021(0.005~0.042)	0.009	11.73
压力	心理攻击	1	0.015(-0.001~0.033)	0.009	9.09
		2	0.011(-0.003~0.028)	0.008	7.61
	躯体攻击	1	0.020(0.005~0.040)	0.009	12.66
		2	0.019(0.004~0.039)	0.009	12.54
注：模型1为单因素分析；模型2为控制学龄前儿童的性别、年龄、父母年龄、是否早产、是否独生子女、父母文化水平等。

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