空气PM<sub>2.5</sub>成分的混合暴露对小学生肺功能的急性影响

陈璐; 张经纬; 袁雯; 董彦会; 崔玉山

doi:10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024225

空气PM_2.5成分的混合暴露对小学生肺功能的急性影响

doi: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2024225

1.
天津市疾病预防控制中心人事科教处，300011
2.
北京大学儿童青少年卫生研究所公共卫生学院

基金项目:

天津市第二批卫生健康行业高层次人才选拔培养工程项目 TJSQNYXXR-D2-151

天津市医学重点学科(专科)建设项目 TJYX2DXK-051A

详细信息

作者简介:
陈璐(1972-)，女，天津市人，硕士，研究员，主要从事环境流行病学方面工作

通讯作者:
崔玉山，E-mail：yushan.273@163.com

利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。
中图分类号: R179 R122.7 R322.3⁺⁵
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-04-17
- 修回日期: 2024-05-13
- 网络出版日期: 2024-07-27
- 刊出日期: 2024-07-25

Acute effects of exposure to PM_2.5 components on the lung function of primary school students

1.
Department of Personnel Science and Education, Tianjin Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin (300011), China

摘要

摘要: 目的分析细颗粒物(PM_2.5)成分的混合暴露对小学生肺功能的急性影响，为保护儿童呼吸健康提供科学依据。方法 2019—2021年，在天津市分层随机方法选取2 120名小学三至五年级学生进行肺功能测试。同时，结合PM_2.5成分和学生住址，模拟短期暴露水平，并采用广义线性回归模型(GLM)和加权分数之和(WQS)回归模型分析PM_2.5混合暴露对小学生肺功能的急性影响。结果 2019—2021年天津市空气中PM_2.5日均水平的平均值为81.14 μg/m³，高于国家标准。肺功能检测结果显示，天津市不同地区小学生的用力肺活量(FVC)、第1秒用力呼气量(FEV1)、最大呼气流量(PEF)、75%的用力呼气量(FEF75)和25%的用力呼气量(FEF25)等肺功能测量指标差异均无统计学意义(F值分别为1.23，0.87，2.34，1.56，0.98，P值均>0.05)。但GLM分析结果显示，空气中PM_2.5各成分均对小学生的肺功能指标产生不利影响；当芴和芘的成分质量浓度每增加10 ng/m³时，小学生的肺功能FVC指标会分别降低166.44和61.94 L。WQS回归模型分析结果显示，在混合暴露对小学生肺功能指标的影响中，多环芳烃中的芴、芘以及重金属铅所占的比例权重较大。结论空气中PM_2.5各成分的单一暴露和混合暴露均对小学生的肺功能指标产生不利影响，其中多环芳烃中的芴和芘以及重金属铅的影响尤为显著。应采取综合防治措施对可能的污染来源进行加强控制，以保护小学生的呼吸系统健康。
- 颗粒物 /
- 环境暴露 /
- 肺 /
- 回归分析 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To analyze the acute effects of exposure to fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) components on primary school students' lung function, so as to provide a scientific basis for protecting children's respiratory health. Methods From 2019 to 2021, the study selected a total of 2 120 primary school students from grades 3 to 5 in Tianjin using a stratified random sampling method to undergo lung function tests. At the same time, the short-term exposure levels were simulated by combining PM_2.5 components and student addresses, and the acute impact of PM_2.5 exposure on primary school students' lung function was analyzed by generalized linear models (GLM) and weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression models. Results The average daily concentration of PM_2.5 in the air of Tianjin from 2019 to 2021 was 81.14 μg/m³, which was higher than the national standard. The results of lung function testing showed that there was no statistically significant difference in lung function measurement indicators such as forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume at 1 second (FEV1), peak expiratory flow (PEF), 75% forced expiratory volume in 75 (FEF75), and 25% forced expiratory volume in 25 (FEF25) among primary school students in different regions of Tianjin (F=1.23, 0.87, 2.34, 1.56, 0.98, P>0.05). But the GLM analysis results showed that all components of PM_2.5 in the air had adverse effects on the lung function indicators of primary school students. When the concentrations of fluorene (FLU) and pyrene (PYR) increased by 10 ng/m³, the FVC of primary school students decreased by 166.44 and 61.94 L respectively. The WQS regression model analysis results showed that the mixed exposure of PM_2.5 components particularly significant damaging effects on lung function indicators in primary school students, especially the FLU and PYR components in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, as well as the heavy metal lead. Conclusions Both single and mixed exposure to various PM_2.5 components in the air have adverse effects on the lung function of primary school students. Among them, the influences of FLU and PYR in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, as well as heavy metal Pb, are particularly significant.Potential pollution sources should be controlled to protect the respiratory health of primary school students by comprehensive prevention and control measures.
- Particulate matter /
- Environmental exposure /
- Lung /
- Regression analysis /
- Students
注释:

1) 利益冲突声明 所有作者声明无利益冲突。

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图 1 小学生肺功能损伤效应中PM_2.5各成分权重

Figure 1. Weight of each component of PM_2.5 in the effect of lung function impairment among primary school students

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表 1 天津市2019—2021年不同地区儿童肺功能指标比较(x±s，L)

Table 1. Distribution of children's lung function indicators in Tianjin from 2019 to 2021(x±s, L)

地区	人数	FVC	FEV1	PEF	FEF75	FEF25
农村	1 212	2.47±0.92	2.37±0.96	4.40±2.49	2.79±1.25	4.27±2.47
城郊	606	1.58±0.40	1.49±0.37	2.68±0.67	1.83±0.64	2.27±0.93
城市	302	2.49±1.10	2.32±1.11	3.71±1.38	2.58±1.14	2.82±0.79
F值		1.23	0.87	2.34	1.56	0.98
P值		0.29	0.42	0.10	0.21	0.38

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表 2 空气PM_2.5各成分每增加10 ng/m³对小学生肺功能指标的影响[变化值(95%CI)，L]

Table 2. Impact of increment of 10 ng/m³ in each component of ambient PM_2.5 on the lung function indicators of primary school students[change value (95%CI), L]

成分	FVC	FEV1	PEF	FEF75	FEF25
Sb	-1.44(-3.76~0.87)	-1.29(-3.50~0.92)	-2.03(-7.24~3.16)	2.05(-2.19~6.28)	-8.16(-13.04~-3.32)^a
Cd	-14.85(-30.04~0.25)	-11.83(-26.33~2.60)	-9.33(-43.94~24.87)	31.05(3.26~58.31)	-54.54(-86.45~-22.57)^a
Pb	-1.28(-1.73~-0.82)^*	-1.15(-1.58~-0.71)^*	-1.36(-2.41~-0.28)^*	-0.58(-1.46~0.31)	-1.98(-2.97~-0.96)^*
FLU	-166.44(-221.32~-112.31)^*	-179.32(-230.19~-129.01)^*	-477.50(-589.72~-366.11)^*	-161.21(-271.13~-55.33)^*	-371.53(-482.40~-256.46)^*
PYR	-61.94(-89.73~-34.52)^*	-62.68(-88.93~-36.71)^*	-122.59(-182.46~-62.75)^*	-47.88(-99.47~2.62)	-114.65(-171.07~-56.57)^*
ANY	-10.71(-15.03~-6.45)^*	-11.53(-15.57~-7.53)^*	-28.50(-37.69~-19.37)^*	1.72(-6.54~9.77)	-31.79(-40.11~-23.23)^*
ANA	-11.73(-17.14~-6.39)^*	-12.14(-17.24~-7.09)^*	-25.77(-37.63~-14.02)^*	5.44(-4.68~15.31)	-33.06(-43.68~-22.18)^*
CHR	-12.06(-19.65~-4.58)^*	-11.95(-19.15~-4.83)^*	-21.23(-37.86~-4.70)^*	7.92(-5.96~21.46)	-27.45(-42.93~-11.49)^*
BaA	-13.55(-21.81~-5.41)^*	-13.47(-21.30~-5.73)^*	-23.63(-41.46~-5.90)^*	6.86(-8.08~21.43)	-28.56(-45.12~-11.52)^*
BbF	-6.87(-11.01~-2.78)^*	-6.76(-10.69~-2.87)^*	-12.64(-21.71~-3.63)^*	6.83(-0.68~14.18)	-19.41(-27.68~-10.89)^*
BkF	-47.28(-74.64~-20.48)^*	-44.33(-70.27~-18.83)^*	-86.48(-146.07~-27.82)^*	14.21(-36.55~62.99)	-105.16(-159.33~-49.36)^*
BaP	-18.67(-28.82~-8.66)^*	-18.38(-28.00~-8.87)^*	-38.65(-60.36~-17.01)^*	8.49(-10.03~26.53)	-46.39(-66.79~-25.17)^*
DBA	-73.43(-112.32~-35.09)^*	-72.56(-109.43~-36.13)^*	-132.74(-217.87~-48.51)^*	-59.58(-131.69~10.71)	-102.48(-182.03~-20.89)^*
BgP	-19.55(-39.97~0.62)	-18.12(-37.56~1.13)	-44.06(-86.88~-1.04)^*	32.27(-3.59~67.25)	-28.02(-73.55~20.53)
IcP	-26.89(-40.36~-13.64)^*	-25.87(-38.64~-13.27)^*	-53.42(-82.54~-24.56)^*	16.29(-8.59~40.32)	-72.31(-98.78~-44.84)^*
注： *P < 0.05。

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