Prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms and its relationship with bullying and violent behaviors among middle school students in Beijing
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摘要:
目的 探讨北京市中学生抑郁、焦虑流行现状及其与欺凌和暴力行为的关系，为促进中学生的心理健康提供依据。 方法 采用分层整群随机抽样方法，于2023年9—11月间抽取北京市16个区共计18 379名初中、普通高中、职业高中学生进行问卷调查。采用χ2检验分析中学生抑郁、焦虑症状和欺凌等伤害相关行为的情况，采用Logistic回归分析中学生抑郁焦虑现状与伤害相关行为之间的相关性。 结果 北京市中学生抑郁症状检出率为18.2%，焦虑症状检出率为8.6%，二者共患检出率为7.6%；被校园欺凌的报告率为3.3%。Logistic回归分析结果显示，女生(OR=1.23)、普通高中(OR=1.85)和职业高中(OR=1.91)、被校园欺凌(OR=3.83)、被家长打骂(OR=3.32)和被网络暴力(OR=4.43)均是抑郁症状的正性相关因素；不住校(OR=0.87)是抑郁症状的负性相关因素(P值均＜0.05)。女生(OR=1.32)、普通高中(OR=1.77)和职业高中(OR=1.50)、被校园欺凌(OR=3.63)、被家长打骂(OR=3.41)和被网络暴力(OR=3.33)均是焦虑症状的正性相关因素(P值均＜0.05)。 结论 北京市中学生抑郁、焦虑症状与被校园欺凌和经受来自家长或网络的暴力等行为相关。应采取多种措施减少中学生被欺凌、被家长打骂和被网络暴力等情况，以促进中学生心理健康。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the prevalence of depression and anxiety and its relationship with bullying and violent behaviors among middle school students in Beijing, so as to provide a scientific basis for promoting the mental health of middle school students. Methods A total of 18 379 junior high school, general high school, and vocational high school students from 16 districts of Beijing were selected by stratified cluster random sampling from September to November, 2023. The χ2 test was used to analyze the depression or anxiety symptom and injury-related behaviors such as bullying among middle school students. Logistics regression was used to analyze the correlation between depression or anxiety symptom and injury correlation behaviors among middle school students. Results The detection rates of depression symptoms and anxiety symptoms were 18.2% and 8.6% among middle school students in Beijing, and the comorbidity was 7.6%. The reporting rate of school bullying was 3.3%. The results of Logistic regression showed that girls (OR=1.23), high school students (OR=1.85) and vocational high school students (OR=1.91), school bullying (OR=3.83), being scolded and beaten by parents (OR=3.32) and being exposed to cyber violence (OR=4.43) were positive factors related to depression symptoms; and non-residential students (OR=0.87) was a negative factor related to depression symptoms (P < 0.05).Girls (OR=1.32), high school students (OR=1.77) and vocational high school students (OR=1.50), school bullying(OR=3.63), being scolded and beaten by parents (OR=3.41) and being exposed to cyber violence (OR=3.33) were positive factore related to anxiety symptoms (P < 0.05). Conclusions The depression and anxiety symptoms among middle school students in Beijing are closely related to the behaviors of school bullying and experiencing violence from parents or the Internet. Various measures should be taken to reduce the situation of school bullying, being scolded and beaten by parents and cyber violence among middle school students to promote their mental health. -
Key words:
- Depression /
- Anxiety /
- Violence /
- Mental health /
- Regression analysis /
- Students
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表 1 不同人口学特征中学生被校园欺凌、被家长打骂及网络暴力报告率比较
Table 1. Comparison of reporting rates of school bullying, parents' abuse and cyber violence among middle school students with different demographic characteristics
人口统计学指标 选项 人数 统计值 被校园欺凌 被家长打骂 被网络暴力 性别 男 9 626 420(4.4) 842(8.7) 481(5.0) 女 8 753 193(2.2) 799(9.1) 291(3.3) χ2值 66.23 0.82 31.86 P值 ＜0.01 0.37 ＜0.01 学段 初中 8 753 274(3.1) 1 122(12.8) 370(4.2) 高中 6 241 177(2.8) 362(5.8) 201(3.2) 职高 3 385 162(4.8) 157(4.6) 201(5.9) χ2值 28.06 314.62 40.30 P值 ＜0.01 ＜0.01 ＜0.01 所在地 城区 8 179 257(3.1) 779(9.5) 339(4.1) 郊区 10 200 356(3.5) 862(8.5) 433(4.2) χ2值 1.71 6.43 0.11 P值 0.19 0.01 0.74 住校 是 3 652 158(4.3) 200(5.5) 167(4.6) 否 14 727 455(3.1) 1 441(9.8) 605(4.1) χ2值 13.89 66.80 1.57 P值 ＜0.01 ＜0.01 0.21 注： ()内数字为报告率/%。 
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表 2 不同组别中学生抑郁、焦虑症状及共患检出率比较
Table 2. Comparison of depression, anxiety and co-infection reporting rates of middle school students with different groups
组别 选项 人数 统计值 抑郁症状 焦虑症状 共患 性别 男 9 626 1 672(17.4) 765(7.9) 674(7.0) 女 8 753 1 667(19.0) 815(9.3) 721(8.2) χ2值 8.65 10.85 9.97 P值 ＜0.01 ＜0.01 ＜0.01 学段 初中 8 753 1 263(14.4) 630(7.2) 557(6.4) 普高 6 241 1 310(21.0) 634(10.2) 546(8.7) 职高 3 385 766(22.6) 316(9.3) 292(8.6) χ2值 161.05 43.53 35.90 P值 ＜0.01 ＜0.01 ＜0.01 所在地 城区 8 179 1 501(18.4) 731(8.9) 639(7.8) 郊区 10 200 1 838(18.0) 849(8.3) 756(7.4) χ2值 0.33 2.18 1.04 P值 0.56 0.14 0.31 住校 是 3 652 783(21.4) 332(9.1) 297(8.1) 否 14 727 2 556(17.4) 1 248(8.5) 1 098(7.5) χ2值 32.84 1.42 1.91 P值 ＜0.01 0.23 0.17 被校园欺凌 是 613 349(56.9) 208(33.9) 198(32.3) 否 17 766 2 990(16.8) 1372(7.7) 1 197(6.7) χ2值 641.02 518.00 552.04 P值 ＜0.01 ＜0.01 ＜0.01 被家长打骂 是 1 641 617(37.6) 353(21.5) 332(20.2) 否 16 738 2 722(16.3) 1 227(7.3) 1 063(6.4) χ2值 457.64 382.46 410.53 P值 ＜0.01 ＜0.01 ＜0.01 被网络暴力 是 772 433(56.1) 237(30.7) 222(28.8) 否 17 607 2 906(16.5) 1 343(7.6) 1 173(6.7) χ2值 779.44 501.01 514.72 P值 ＜0.01 ＜0.01 ＜0.01 注： ()内数字为检出率/%。
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表 3 北京市中学生抑郁及焦虑症状相关因素的Logistic回归分析(n=18 379)
Table 3. Logistic regression analysis on factors related to depression and anxiety symptoms among middle school students in Beijing (n=18 379)
自变量 选项 抑郁症状 焦虑症状 β值 标准误 Wald χ2值 P值 OR值(95%CI) β值 标准误 Wald χ2值 P值 OR值(95%CI) 性别 男 1.00 1.00 女 0.21 0.04 26.52 ＜0.01 1.23 (1.14~1.33) 0.28 0.06 25.38 < 0.01 1.32(1.18~1.47) 学段 初中 210.32 ＜0.01 1.00 86.71 < 0.01 1.00 普高 0.61 0.05 171.39 ＜0.01 1.85 (1.69~2.03) 0.57 0.06 84.29 < 0.01 1.77(1.57~2.00) 职高 0.65 0.06 133.37 ＜0.01 1.91 (1.71~2.13) 0.40 0.08 27.83 < 0.01 1.50(1.29~1.74) 是否住校 是 1.00 否 -0.13 0.05 7.36 0.01 0.87 (0.79~0.96) 被校园欺凌 否 1.00 1.00 是 1.34 0.09 204.08 ＜0.01 3.83 (3.19~4.60) 1.29 0.10 155.24 < 0.01 3.63(2.96~4.45) 被家长打骂 否 1.00 1.00 是 1.20 0.06 407.26 ＜0.01 3.32 (2.96~3.74) 1.23 0.07 292.35 < 0.01 3.41(2.97~3.93) 被网络暴力 否 1.00 1.00 是 1.49 0.08 319.67 ＜0.01 4.43 (3.76~5.22) 1.20 0.10 157.99 < 0.01 3.33(2.76~4.01)
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